Asymptomatic hypercholesterolaemia.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
K Sweeney
Publications and source records attributed to K Sweeney.
Cannabis diagnosis of patients receiving treatment for cocaine dependence.
In three separate samples using DSM-III-R criteria for substance dependence in 232 inpatients and 51 outpatients, we confirm the clinical suspicion that many cocaine dependents qualify for the diagnosis of cannabis dependence. As many as 53% of cocaine dependents diagnosed by DSM-III-R criteria have the concurrent diagnosis of cannabis dependence. The reports regarding cannabis dependence among cocaine dependents are few and inconclusive. The diagnosis of cannabis dependence in cocaine dependents has important consequences on etiology, prognosis, and treatment.
Adult↗
Theophylline and antiparasitic drug interactions. A case report and study of the influence of thiabendazole and mebendazole on theophylline pharmacokinetics in adults.
To determine a change in theophylline pharmacokinetics during concomitant thiabendazole or mebendazole therapy, we studied six normal, healthy male volunteers. Aminophylline was administered intravenously, followed by a 30-h blood sampling period. Subjects were randomized to receive thiabendazole or mebendazole, then crossed over to receive the other therapy. Theophylline concentrations were measured utilizing an HPLC technique and a one-compartment model was fit to the data. Theophylline pharmacokinetic parameters were significantly different during thiabendazole therapy. Mean theophylline half-life increased, clearance decreased and elimination rate constant decreased. Two subjects experienced severe nausea and vomiting during thiabendazole therapy. There were no significant differences in theophylline pharmacokinetic parameters during mebendazole therapy. Thiabendazole administration results in a significant decrease in theophylline clearance and beta elimination rate constant. The theophylline half-life increased significantly. Concomitant administration of theophylline and thiabendazole resulted in severe nausea and vomiting. Mebendazole administration did not seem to alter theophylline pharmacokinetics.
Adult↗
The prevalence of marijuana (cannabis) use and dependence in cocaine dependence.
In a retrospective and prospective study using DSM-III-R criteria for substance dependence in 232 inpatients and 51 outpatients, the clinical suspicion that cocaine addicts use other drugs including marijuana was confirmed. As many as 53% of cocaine addicts diagnosed by DSM-III-R criteria for cocaine dependence qualified for a diagnosis of cannabis dependence. The reports regarding marijuana and other drug dependence among cocaine addicts have been few and inconclusive. The diagnosis of other drug use and dependence in cocaine dependence has importance with regard to prognosis and treatment. This study found a high prevalence of marijuana (cannabis) dependence in patients with cocaine dependence.
Adult↗
Pharmacokinetics of single- and multiple-dose teicoplanin in healthy volunteers.
Teicoplanin, an investigational glycopeptide antibiotic related chemically and microbiologically to vancomycin, has in vitro and in vivo activity against gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. We compared the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenous teicoplanin in healthy volunteers. Serum and urine samples were collected for 35 days after single-dose (3 mg/kg) and 72 days after multiple-dose (3 mg/kg per day for 21 days) administration. A three-exponent equation with zero-order input was fitted to concentrations in serum. The mean half-lives (t1/2s) were significantly different (P = 0.0075) after single- and multiple-dose administration (130 +/- 14.9 and 176 +/- 29.8 h, respectively). The clinically relevant t1/2 obtained from multiple-dose data was approximately 61 h. Total and renal clearances determined at steady state were not statistically different, indicating that teicoplanin is eliminated almost entirely by renal mechanisms.
Adult↗
Pharmacokinetics of nafcillin in obesity.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Endocarditis, Bacterial↗
Pheochromocytoma and sudden death as a result of cerebral infarction in Turner's syndrome: report of a case.
Various etiologies for hypertension in Turner's syndrome, a common feature of the disorder, are well recognized. Pheochromocytoma is not among them. A young woman with Turner's syndrome, recently diagnosed with hypertension, died suddenly and unexpectedly. A hemorrhagic cerebral infarct and an adrenal gland pheochromocytoma were found at necropsy. This is the first reported case of pheochromocytoma associated with Turner's syndrome.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
Basal plate dysplasia presenting as a hamartoma of the pontine tegmentum.
A child with an intractable, nonfocal seizure disorder, progressive lethargy, and psychomotor retardation had a malformation involving rhombencephalic structures deriving from the embryonic basal plate. Its principal component was a mature neuroepithelial hamartomatous mass arising from the pontine tegmentum. Diencephalic, metencephalic, and myelencephalic derivatives of the alar plate were remarkably spared. To our knowledge, the morbid anatomy and embryopathology of this central nervous system malformation has not been previously described.
Brain Neoplasms↗
Acute cardiac events temporally related to cocaine abuse.
The increasingly widespread use of cocaine in the United States has been accompanied and perhaps exacerbated by the misconception that the drug is not associated with serious medical complications. In particular, the potential for cocaine to precipitate life-threatening cardiac events needs to be reemphasized. We report the clinical and pathological findings in seven people in whom nonintravenous "recreational" use of cocaine was temporally related to acute myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, myocarditis, sudden death, or a combination of these events. We also review data on 19 previously reported cases of cocaine-related cardiovascular disorders. Analysis of all 26 patients indicated the following findings: the cardiac consequences of cocaine abuse are not unique to parenteral use of the drug, since nearly all the patients took the drug intranasally; underlying heart disease is not a prerequisite for cocaine-related cardiac disorders; seizure activity, a well-documented noncardiac complication of cocaine abuse, is neither a prerequisite for, nor an accompanying feature of, cardiac toxicity of cocaine; and the cardiac consequences of cocaine are not limited to massive doses of the drug. Although the pathogenesis of cardiac toxicity of cocaine remains incompletely defined, available circumstantial evidence suggests that cocaine has medical consequences that are equal in importance to its well-documented psychosocial consequences.
Administration, Inhalation↗
In vivo properties of a cloned K88 adherence antigen determinant.
An Escherichia coli strain of serotype O9:K36:H19 harboring the K88 recombinant plasmid pMK005 was able to efficiently colonize the small bowel of young piglets after oral infection. The strain expressed K88 antigen in vivo, and bacteria were detected in close association with the surface of the intestinal villi. Mice infected orally or intravenously with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL3261 harboring pMK005 were well protected against subsequent challenge with the highly virulent S. typhimurium SL1344. Anti-K88 antibodies were detected in the serum of mice immunized with SL3261(pMK005).
Adhesins, Escherichia coli↗
Attenuated salmonellae as vaccines and carriers of foreign antigens.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Long survival after ovarian and hepatic metastasis from carcinoma of the large bowel: report of a case.
Herein we present the case of a woman who is now 19 years post abdominoperineal resection for a Dukes' C1 rectal carcinoma, 10 years post right hemicolectomy for a Duke's C1 carcinoma of the ascending colon and removal of a solitary hepatic metastasis and now 9 years post resection of an ovarian metastasis. She had 5-fluoracil, postoperatively. This is the ninth case reported in the literature of a 5-year survivor free of disease following oophorectomy for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the large bowel. The finding of ovarian and hepatic metastases from her colorectal carcinoma would have indicated a poor prognosis. We feel that those rare patients who have an unexpected long survival should be reported for accumulation of clinical data, illustration of their clinical management, and analyses of the applied therapeutic interventions.
Colonic Neoplasms↗
Cavernous hemangioma of the anus.
Vascular tumors of the large bowel can be divided into malignant and benign lesions. The benign lesions can be divided into capillary and cavernous hemangiomas. Large-bowel hemangiomas are rare lesions, with the majority of cases reported in the rectum and rectosigmoid regions. Few cases of isolated anal hemangiomas are found in the literature. A case of an asymptomatic anal cavernous hemangioma, palpable on routine rectal examination and subsequently removed at proctosigmoidoscopy, is described.
Aged↗
Plasma exchange treatment of peripheral neuropathy associated with plasma cell dyscrasia.
Plasma exchange was used to treat 10 patients with polyneuropathy and a monoclonal antibody (plasma cell dyscrasia). Six patients had improvement of the neuropathy, while three patients had stabilisation of the neuropathy during plasma exchange. The patients who improved maintained a 64% or greater decrease in the monoclonal antibody between exchanges. Patients with axonal polyneuropathy as well as patients with demyelinating polyneuropathy recovered some neurologic function. With cessation of plasma exchanges, the monoclonal antibody titre approached pre-treatment levels and the neuropathy progressed. Plasma exchange was effective in rapidly lowering the level of monoclonal antibody and allowing for some recovery of neurologic function.
Adult↗
Neutral lipid precursors for gangliosides are not formed by rat liver homogenates or by purified cell fractions.
As part of an ongoing investigation into the ganglioside and neutral glycosphingolipid biosynthetic pathways in rodent liver, the synthesis of ceramide, glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide was examined in homogenates and purified membrane fractions of rat liver. Ceramide synthesis and its stimulation by exogenously added D-sphingosine was demonstrated in homogenates and isolated membrane fractions, with activity concentrated in the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, significant D-sphingosine- or ceramide-dependent formation of glucosylceramide, or glucosylceramide-dependent formation of lactosylceramide (in the presence of labelled UDP-[14C]glucose and UDP-[14C]galactose, respectively,) could not be demonstrated. The possibility is raised that liver may be dependent on extra-hepatic sources of neutral glycosphingolipids to support ganglioside biosynthesis.
Animals↗
Methylation involved in chemotaxis is regulated during Caulobacter differentiation.
Caulobacter crescentus carries a flagellum and is motile only during a limited time in its cell cycle. We have asked if the biochemical machinery that mediates chemotaxis exists coincident with the cell's structural ability to respond to a chemotactic signal. We first demonstrated that one function of the chemotaxis machinery, the ability to methylate the carboxyl side chains of a specific set of membrane proteins (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, MCPs), is present in C. crescentus. This conclusion is based on the observations that (i) methionine auxotrophs starved of methionine can swim only in the forward direction (comparable to smooth swimming in the enteric bacteria), (ii) a specific set of membrane proteins was found to be methylated in vivo and the incorporated [3H]methyl groups were alkali sensitive, (iii) this same set of membrane proteins incorporated methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine in vitro, and (iv) out of a total of eight generally nonchemotactic mutants, two were found to swim only in a forward direction and one of these lacked methyltransferase activity. Analysis of in vivo and in vitro methylation in synchronized cultures showed that the methylation reaction is lost when the flagellated swarmer cell differentiates into a stalked cell. In vivo methylation reappeared coincident with the biogenesis of the flagellum just prior to cell division. In vitro reconstitution experiments with heterologous cell fractions from different cell types showed that swarmer cells contain methyltransferase and their membranes can be methylated. However, newly differentiated stalked cells lack methyltransferase activity and membranes from these cells cannot accept methyl groups. These results demonstrate that MCP methylation is confined to that portion of the cell cycle when flagella are present.
Bacteria↗
Sensory specific satiety in man.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Adenylation and ADP-ribosylation in the mouse 1-cell embryo.
The incorporation of [3H]AAadenosine into cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) insoluble material by the mouse 1-cell embryo has been studied. Incorporation of label was high immediately after fertilization, then decreased over the next 7 h with the sharpest decline occurring 3-5 h after fertilization. A small maximum was observed at the time of pronuclear DNA synthesis. Actinomycin D at a concentration which inhibited the cleavage of 1-cell embryos by 50% had little effect on this incorporation, which in the period 1-6 h post-fertilization was shown by autoradiography to be confined to the ooplasm of the newly fertilized ovum. [3H]Adenosine and poly ([3H]A) were released from embryo RNA labelled 1-3 h after fertilization with [3H]adenosine by digestion with a mixture of ribonucleases A and T1. The poly ([3H]A) segments were hydrolysed by alkali to 3'-[3H]AMP and [3H]adenosine ([3H]AMP/[3H]adenosine = 5/1), and by snake venom phosphodiesterase to 5'-[3H]AMP but very little [3H]adenosine. These results suggest that adenylation of RNA occurs soon after fertilization, that this is a cytoplasmic event, and that most of the newly synthesized poly ([3H]A) segments are joined to pre-existing poly (A) tracts. The unusual polynucleotide, poly (ADP-ribose), identified by its resistance to alkali and the release of 2'-(5''-phosphoribosyl)-5'[3H]AMP on incubation with snake venom phosphodiesterase, was also found in the ribonuclease digest.
Adenosine↗