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Biomedical subjects

K Sugihara

Publications and source records attributed to K Sugihara.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Diverticular disease of the colon in Japan.

In order to clarify characteristics of diverticular disease in Japan, 625 patients with diverticular disease were studied. The frequency was 13.3% and increasing with years. The right-sided type was seen in 68.8% and was common in the younger patients. 77 patients were complicated with diverticulitis; 61 presented right sided diverticulitis and 16 left-sided diverticulitis. Most of those with right-sided diverticulitis recovered with medical treatment successfully. Drainage and supplemental appendectomy were recommended procedure for emergency operation. Patients with recurring inflammation should receive elective right hemicolectomy. Intraluminal pressure studies disclosed abnormal motility with high intraluminal pressure of the ascending colon in the patients with right-sided diverticular disease. This abnormal motility might play an important role in the pathogenesis of right-sided diverticular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical study of cefotetan in complicated urinary tract infections].

Clinical effectiveness and safety of Cefotetan were evaluated in 28 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. The results were excellent in 12 patients (42.9%), moderate in 10 patients (35.7%) and poor in 6 patients (21.6%), and the effectiveness rate was 78.6%. Bacteriologically, 24 (75%) out of 32 strains were eradicated. Subjective side effects, nausea and abdominal discomfort, were observed in one patient. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 6 patients, eosinophilia in 3 patients and slight elevation of transaminase in 3 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Participation of liver aldehyde oxidase in reductive metabolism of hydroxamic acids to amides.

The liver enzyme responsible for the reduction of aromatic and heterocyclic hydroxamic acids to the corresponding amides was investigated with salicylhydroxamic acid, benzohydroxamic acid, anthranilhydroxamic acid, and nicotinohydroxamic acid. Rabbit liver cytosol exhibited significant reductase activities toward the hydroxamic acids under anaerobic conditions when supplemented with an electron donor of aldehyde oxidase. Similarly, rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase reduced these compounds to amides in the presence of its own electron donor, indicating that the reductase activities observed in the liver cytosol are due mainly to the cytosolic molybdoflavin enzyme. Furthermore, a significant reduction of salicylhydroxamic acid and nicotinohydroxamic acid was also observed, when an electron donor of aldehyde oxidase was added, with liver cytosols from hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and mice. The cytosolic reductase activities toward salicylhydroxamic acid were markedly inhibited by menadione, an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase.

Aldehyde Oxidase↗
PubMed1986

Colorectal goblet cell sialomucin heterogeneity: its relation to malignant disease.

Mucus secreted by colorectal cancer differs in three respects from that produced normally: an overall reduction, a loss of O-acetyl substituents in sialic acid, and an increase in neutral mucin. Similar changes have been reported in apparently normal mucosa bordering colorectal cancer. "Normal" left sided colorectal mucosa from 32 patients with rectal cancer was studied. Each case was matched by age and sex to a patient with diverticular disease and a patient with irritable bowel syndrome. Twenty five patients with right sided cancer were matched to patients with Crohn's disease. Sections were stained with mild periodic acid Schiff (mPAS) (selectively stains N-acetyl sialic acid lacking in O-acetyl group) and other closely related techniques. Reactions were graded negative, weak, and intense. An intense reaction was found in 9% of cases; there was no difference between the various matched groups. Phenylhydrazine interposition failed to block the mPAS effect, indicating that a positive result was due to a deficiency of sialic acid with O-acetyl substituents rather than neutral mucin. Different staining patterns in left and right colon were probably due to differing ratios of total sialic acid:fucose. These findings indicate a hitherto unsuspected colorectal goblet cell sialomucin heterogeneity within the general population, but no association with neoplastic disease is apparent.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Modification of cisplatin toxicity by antioxidants.

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum II (cisplatin) is a potent anticancer chemotherapeutic agent. The major limitation in its use is nephrotoxicity, caused by an unknown mechanism. Injection of cisplatin into rats caused a decrease in body weight and an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN). These effects were modified by giving a radical scavenger, alpha-tocopherol, before the cisplatin injection. N-N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, another powerful radical scavenger, also attenuated the increase in BUN induced by cisplatin. These results suggest that the toxic effects of cisplatin may be related to free radical induced damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Small "flat adenoma" of the large bowel with special reference to its clinicopathologic features.

Thirty-three small "flat adenomas," not more than 1 cm in diameter, were collected from surgically and colonoscopically removed specimens, and their colonoscopic and histologic characteristics were described. There were 14 adenomas with mild atypia, five with moderate atypia, 14 with severe atypia (or focal carcinoma limited to the mucosa). The grade of atypia seems to increase with the size of lesions, and these lesions were assumed to play an important role in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The importance of recognizing the presence of these small "flat adenomas" in everyday practice is stressed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Inhibitory effect on lithium on p-aminohippurate transport in rat kidney cortex in vitro.

The effect of lithium on p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport was studied using slices and basolateral membrane vesicles prepared from rat kidney cortex. The addition of lithium in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5 mM caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of PAH accumulation in the slices. Lithium inhibited PAH accumulation in the slices, not only during the rapid uptake period (after 10 min) but also during the approach to equilibrium (after 30 min). The effect of lithium (2 mM) in the slices was irreversible. The inhibitory effect of lithium was not the result of changes in the water distribution and the concentrations of ATP, sodium and potassium in the slices during incubation. The effect of lithium on the kinetic parameters for PAH accumulation was to decrease Vmax, while apparent Km remained constant. There was no lithium effect on the efflux of PAH from the slices back into the incubation medium, indicating that lithium inhibited PAH influx to the kidney cell. No evidence was obtained to indicate that lithium (1 mM) directly affected PAH uptake by isolated basolateral membrane vesicles. These results suggest that lithium seems to affect metabolism linked to the carriers for PAH transport other than ATP production and sodium gradient and then seems to decrease the mobility of the carriers in the membranes.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Studies on the absorption of sodium guaiazulene-3-sulfonate. I.

From the view points of safety and efficacy of sodium guaiazulene-3-sulfonate (GAS) after oral cavity administration, the absorption behavior of GAS was investigated in rats and rabbits and following results were obtained. 1) GAS was absorbed not from oral cavity but from nasal cavity in rats and rabbits. 2) The in situ perfusion experiments revealed the existence of dose-dependent specific absorption mechanism in the rat small intestine. 3) GAS was absorbed from neither the rat stomach nor the rectum. These facts reveal that GAS transfers into the systemic circulation only through the small intestine after the clinical application to the oral cavity. And these absorption characteristics of GAS are suited for its direct action on the inflamed oral mucosa. When GAS is administered into the oral cavity, the safety is at least the same as that obtained after oral administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Evidence for in vivo effect of lithium on p-aminohippurate transport in rat kidney, preliminary study.

We examined the effect of lithium on rat renal handling of p-aminohippurate (PAH) and accumulation of organic ions by rat kidney cortical slices. When infused intravenously with lithium at the rate of 0.13 mmoles/kg/min, decreased renal clearance of PAH as well as no significant changes in glomerular filtration rate and plasma PAH level was observed at the first clearance period during lithium infusion. As we expected, tubular secretion of PAH also was decreased significantly by the infusion of lithium. Therefore, it is suggested that the decrease in the clearance of PAH was due to the decrease in the tubular secretion of PAH. After four days of injections with lithium (4 mmoles/kg, i.p., once a day), a significant decrease in PAH accumulation in the slices was detected. No inhibition of tetraethylammonium accumulation was observed. Lithium pretreatment did not alter water content and extracellular space of the slices. The results suggest that lithium selectively inhibits the organic anion transport system in kidney with the in vivo treatment and follows our previous work in which we showed the in vitro effect of lithium on organic anion accumulation in the slices.

Aminohippuric Acids↗
PubMed1985

[Changes of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in patients with oral squamous carcinoma].

The distribution of peripheral lymphocyte subsets of 32 patients, who had undergone surgical removal of squamous carcinoma and have evaded recurrence was studied using OK series monoclonal antibodies. The T-lymphocyte subpopulation was reduced in patients who were tumor free for more than 3 years. The helper/inducer T-cell subpopulation was reduced in most of the patients studied, whereas little change was observed in the subpopulation of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. Consequently the ratio of OKT 4+/OKT 8+ was reduced in accordance with the tumor free period.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Histopathologic comparison of colorectal adenomas in English and Japanese patients.

Histopathologic comparison of colorectal adenomas removed at St. Mark's Hospital, London, England, and those removed at the University of Tokyo, Japan was performed. There were 1242 lesions in the St. Mark's series and 310 in the University of Tokyo series. All adenomas were removed either by colonoscopic polypectomy or hot biopsy. The indications and methods of colonoscopic removal were similar in the two series. Age distribution of the patients showed a younger peak incidence in the University of Tokyo series compared with the St. Mark's patients. The percentage of adenomas larger than 1 cm, of tubulovillous or villous type, and with moderate or severe dysplasia were greater in the St. Mark's series than in the University of Tokyo series. Percentages of adenomas with mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia in each category of size did not differ between the two series. In view of the fact that there is a high colorectal cancer risk in England and medium cancer risk in Japan, our results give further epidemiologic support to the concept of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Diverticular disease of the colon in Japan. A review of 615 cases.

Of 615 patients with diverticular disease of the colon, 429 had diverticula in the cecum and ascending colon, 98 in the sigmoid and descending colon and 88 in both the right- and left-side colon. The right-sided type was more common in younger people and more predominant in men, whereas the left-sided type was more common in the elderly and showed no difference in numbers between men and women. More than 50 per cent of patients were asymptomatic and 25 per cent complained of disturbed bowel function. The frequency of diverticulitis was not related to location, but to the number of diverticula. Seventy-seven were complicated by acute inflammation (right-sided diverticulitis, 61, and left-sided diverticulitis, 16). Many patients with right-sided diverticulitis improved with medical treatment and the operative procedure of choice was drainage of the inflamed area with supplemental appendectomy.

Adult↗