Although orbital or subperiosteal abscess may originate from a number of sources, paranasal ethmoidal sinus disease is the most common source of infection, particularly in children. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent severe visual loss and even death. The authors review the five-group classification of orbital abscess and summarize data regarding source, bacteriology, treatment and visual results from 13 series reporting 148 patients. Four new cases are presented in detail. Diagnostic procedures, including laboratory testing, sinus radiography, ultrasound and CT scanning, are discussed and recommendations are given for medical and surgical management.

Abscess↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple differences in red cell antigens and isoimmunization.

Data available for 175 families with maternal isoimmunization to red blood cell antigens, exclusive of A, B, and Rho, were analyzed for interaction of unrelated antigens. In 153 families the mother developed antibodies for single antigens, distributed among seven blood group systems; rare, high frequency antigens; and unclassified antigens. The immunizing fetal red blood cells ABO-incompatible with the mother in less than 5 per cent of instances, a finding attesting to the impact of ABO incompatibility on immunogenicity of most red blood cell antigens. No evidence was found for interference with immunization to one particular red blood cell antigen by simultaneous differences in unrelated antigens. Maternal immunization to more than one red blood cell antigen, encountered in 22 families, was associated in 13 instances with preceding blood transfusion to the mother and/or pregnancies in which fetal red blood cells contained only one of the immunizing antigens. In six of the remaining nine instances of multiple isoimmunization, Kidd antibodies were involved. Preceding immunization to a variety of red blood cell antigens was noted to interfere with immunization to potent immunogens: Rho (nine instances of complete, and one instance of partial, suppression), hr' (eight instances of suppression), and K (two instances of suppression). A mechanism, designated as "diversion of antigen", was proposed in order to explain the phenomena observed in human isoimmunization as well as in animal models in which preceding immunization to one red blood cell antigen affects immune responses to red blood cells carrying the immunizing and additional antigens.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fetal death due to extreme maternal Rh immune augmentation.

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Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in thymidine incorporation into tumor cells induced by supernatants of calcium-ionophore-treated macrophages incubated with tumor cells.

Thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal M phi of mice were treated with calcium ionophore A23187 prior to incubation with tumor cells. Supernatants prepared from the incubation mixtures were assayed for their effects on incorporation of 3H-thymidine into tumor cells. Significant inhibition of incorporation was observed in most instances. Ingestion of indomethacin in the drinking water for 7 days by prospective M phi donors increased the inhibition by supernatants. The activity of the supernatants was neither specific for the strain and sex of M phi donors nor correlated with the genotype of the tumors. The activity even crossed the species barrier inasmuch as inhibitory supernatants were produced by murine M phi incubated with either murine or human tumor cells. Supernatants derived from murine as well as human tumor cells significantly depressed thymidine incorporation into murine and human tumor cells, although there were some differences in the response of the two kinds of tumor cells. In rare instances, supernatants enhanced, rather than inhibited, thymidine incorporation. Moreover, when supernatants, added to tumor cells, were removed and replaced by fresh medium, in most instances, significant enhancement of thymidine incorporated occurred. The formation of both growth-inhibiting and growth-promoting factors by M phi in the in vitro model used in this study, may explain the dual role of M phi in neoplasia in vivo.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Asepsis and sterilization--update for practitioners.

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Antisepsis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Growth of transplanted tumours in mice treated with macrophages and their products.

The antitumour activity of peritoneal macrophages, added to tumour inocula (Winn test), was determined. Macrophages harvested from mice immunised with tumour, or from tumour-bearing mice, suppressed or inhibited tumour growth when in direct contact with tumour cells. Incubation of macrophages exhibiting antitumour activity with tumour cells yielded supernatant fluids capable of interfering with tumour growth. Consistent induction of antitumor activity required either addition of indomethacin to the incubation mixture, or collection of macrophages from immunised or tumour-bearing donors that had ingested indomethacin in the drinking water. Tumour growth was significantly inhibited when tumour inocula were suspended in supernatant fluid, or when mice were given several subcutaneous injections of supernatant prior to tumour transplantation.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗