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Biomedical subjects

K Soma

Publications and source records attributed to K Soma.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Dental anthropological study of the Central American Indians].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dento-craniofacial morphology and the occlusal characteristics in the Central American Indians from the dental-anthropological point of view. The sample consisted of cephalograms, pantomograms, dental casts, photos and records (anthropometric measurements and oral examinations) which were taken from 210 modern Central American Indians and 212 ancient Central American Indians. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Craniofacial morphology: The modern Central American Indians showed; (1) smaller facial height and shorter depth of the cranial base and jaws than those of the Caucasians. (2) posterior position of peri-orbital structures, and smaller values of anterior facial height in comparison with the Japanese, which were similar to the Peruvian Indians. (3) shorter depth of the jaws and prominence of the chin than the ancient Central American Indians. 2. Dental arch form and tooth size: The modern Central American Indians had; (1) wider dental arches than the Caucasians, while sharing similar values with the Peruvian Indians and the Japanese. (2) smaller incisors, larger premolars and molars in the mesio-distal crown diameter compared with the Caucasians. (3) smaller teeth in the mesio-distal crown diameter than the ancient Central American Indians. 3. Occlusal conditions: The modern Central American Indians showed a good mesio-distal relationship between the upper and lower first molars in 70 percent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Measurement of small quantities of alpha 2-macroglobulin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by enzyme-labelled immunoassay, and its clinical implication in pulmonary disease].

We established an enzyme labelled immunoassay for the determination of alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha 2M). The assay range was from 2 to 140 ng/ml and the within-assay coefficient of variation (CV) were 5.2% at 31.2 ng/ml and 6.4% at 62.5 ng/ml. Between-day CV ranged from 6.9% to 15.4%. Using this method, alpha 2 M was determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with interstitial lung diseases. Those diseases were active and inactive sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, including collagen disease). We divided the IPF patients into two groups, 'acute type' and 'chronic type', judging from the prognosis. alpha 2 M/Albumin ratio in BALF in the active sarcoidosis and acute type IPF groups is significantly higher than that in the inactive sarcoidosis and chronic type IPF. These findings suggest that alpha 2 M in BALF can be a sensitive marker of the interstitial lung disease.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1988

Mouth occlusion pressure as a useful indicator for weaning from mechanical ventilation.

We studied the usefulness of the neuromuscular inspiratory drive (P0.1) and P0.1 normalized by ventilation (sP0.1) as indicators for weaning from mechanical ventilation. The patients were classified into two groups on the basis of outcome: a successful group who could have weaning and an unsuccessful group who could not be free from mechanical ventilation. The unsuccessful group showed significantly greater P0.1 (6.35 +/- 2.95 cmH2O) than successful group (2.81 +/- 1.21 cmH2O). The patients who failed in weaning also showed an increase in sP0.1 which would mean an increase in respiratory impedance. These results suggest that P0.1 and sP0.1 might be useful to follow the time course during weaning from mechanical ventilation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ethyl eicosapentaenoate restored the immunosuppression in mice fed fat-free diet.

The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the humoral immune response in fat free diet-fed (FF) mice were studied. The lowered anti-SRBC PFC activity of ICR male FF mice was restored in a dose-dependent manner when EPA was administered orally at doses of 60-360 mg/kg/day for 20 days. In in vitro experiments, EPA similarly enhanced anti-SRBC PFC activity but did not affect the response against lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, EPA did not cause any substantial effect on T suppressor cell activity induced by Concanavalin A in vitro. On the other hand, T helper cell activity induced by keyhole limpet hemocyanin was augmented. From these results, it is suggestive that EPA caused immunopotentiation to FF mice at least partially by an enhancement of T helper cell activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Stress distribution in mandible induced by occlusal force in different horizontal mandibular positions].

The objective of this study was to investigate the stress distribution in the mandible induced by occlusal forces in a various different horizontal mandibular positions identified as neutroclusion, distoclusion, mesioclusion, and laterally shifted occlusion. A three dimensional Finite Element Method (3D-FEM) was applied to an artificial model of a simulated mandible constructed as a homogeneous, isotropic and elastic body. This model was divided into 480 elements with 785 nodes. The right and left heads of the mandibular condyles and the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth of the model were restrained. These restraints acted against the loading of the masticatory forces which consisted of a pair of masseter, temporal, and also the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles. The stress distributions analyzed by 3D-FEM were graphically demonstrated on a three dimensional display system. The data obtained were summarized as follows: I. Neutroclusion (1) Tensile stress appeared along the anterior border of the ramus, and compressive stress appeared along the angular portion of the ramus. (2) Compressive and tensile stress appeared on the external and the internal surfaces of the anterior portion of the mandibular body. II. Distoclusion and mesioclusion (1) As the position of the mandible was moved distally, the absolute values of the stress tended to increase on the same areas which is the external and the internal surfaces of the anterior portion of the mandibular body. (2) Compressive stress which appeared on the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth was very great in distoclusion. At the same time, the stress that appeared on the heads of the mandibular condyle was also great in mesioclusion. III. Right laterally shifted occlusion (1) Tensile stress appeared along the left sides of both of the left and right rami, and compressive stress appeared along the right side of both of the left and right rami. (2) A great amount of stress appeared on the left occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth and on the left portion of the mandibular body. From these results, it was determined probably that the mandibular morphogenesis was influenced by a series of stress factors which were induced by the forces of the masticatory muscles.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1988

[Dental arch form achieved by orthodontic treatment].

The objective of this study was to compare the dental arch forms of a control group with normal occlusion to the finished dental arch forms achieved by orthodontic treatment. The data consisted of 185 Japanese males and 275 Japanese females. These sex groups were divided into three groups, i.e., a group treated by extraction of the four first premolars, a group treated by non-extraction method and a control group consisting of individuals with normal occlusion. Findings were as follows: 1. The position of each tooth showed a normal distribution, with a small range of variation in all groups. 2. There were no significant differences in the range of tooth distribution among the three groups in each sex. However, the measurement of the male values were larger than those for the females. 3. In comparison with the other two groups, the transversed width between the same number of teeth of the extraction group had a larger width in the anterior teeth segment and a smaller width in the posterior teeth segment. The non-extraction group had a larger width in all of the teeth segment except for the second molars, than for control group. There were significant differences in all of the teeth between the males and the females. 4. As a result of a qualitative and a quantitative examinations, it was determined that the dental arch forms were almost the same among the three groups for each sex. The dental arch became progressively longer in the following successive order for the extraction group, the control group and the non-extraction group. 5. Except for the intercanine width, the dental arch forms of the Japanese group were wider and longer than that of the Caucasian North American group. In spite of the variation of the genetic background in respect to the differences of the ethnic background and sex, it was confirmed that there were no noticeable differences in the dental arch forms between the orthodontically treated groups and the non-treated group with normal occlusion.

Dental Arch↗