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Biomedical subjects

K Soejima

Publications and source records attributed to K Soejima.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

A derivative of cationic antimicrobial protein attenuates lung injury by suppressing cell adhesion.

Cationic antimicrobial protein of 18 kD (CAP18) was identified and purified from rabbit granulocytes and shown to inhibit various activities of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We investigated the effect of a 32-amino-acid C-terminal fragment of CAP18 (CAP18-derived peptide, CDP) on the pathogenesis of acute lung injury caused by intravenous endotoxin. Guinea pigs were divided into six groups: (I) saline control (n = 8), (2) CDP-alone (n = 8), (3) LPS-alone (n = 8), (4) LPS+CDP0m (n = 8), (5) LPS+CDP10m (n = 8), and (6) LPS+CDP60m (n = 8). A CDP dose of 0.2 mg/kg was injected at various time points after LPS injection. Lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, [125I]albumin leakage in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, differential cell count in BAL fluid, and histopathologic features were examined 4 h after intravenous administration of 0.02 mg/kg of LPS. The LPS+CDP0m and the LPS+CDP10m groups showed significantly attenuated lung injury compared to that seen in the LPS-alone group, however the LPS+CDP60m group revealed no attenuation of lung injury. The accumulation of peripheral white blood cells into pulmonary vasculature was attenuated only in the LPS+CDP0m but not in the LPS+CDP10m groups. We examined the effect of CDP on the expression of adhesion molecules using human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the result of which showed that CDP suppressed the LPS-induced expression of adhesion molecules in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that CDP attenuates inflammatory cell migration into alveoli resulting in the attenuation of lung injury.

Albumins↗
PubMed1996

Flow cytometric detection of cell-associated cytokines in alveolar macrophages.

To elucidate the cytokine-producing capacity of alveolar macrophages (AMs), we have introduced a method of flow cytometry combined with saponin treatment to detect the cell-associated cytokines. We studied bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from six patients with sarcoidosis (SAR) and six control (CTL) subjects. Cells were either left uncultured, or cultured with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS), then treated with paraformaldehyde and saponin and analysed for cell-associated interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by flow cytometry. Cell-associated IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha were also analysed by immunoassays. The flow cytometric cytokine values were correlated with the immunoreactive cell-associated cytokines (IL-1 beta: r = 0.45, p < 0.05; TNF-alpha: r = 0.82, p < 0.001). The histograms of cell-associated IL-1 beta yielded a single peak both in the patients and controls, whereas the histograms of cell-associated TNF-alpha exhibited two peaks in SAR patients, but just a single peak in the CTL subjects. The mean value of the cell-associated TNF-alpha in LPS+ AMs was higher in the SAR patients than in the CTL subjects (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the flow cytometric method can be applied to the semiquantitative detection of cell-associated cytokines in alveolar macrophages at the single cell level.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in a patient with Brugada syndrome.

We report a patient with Brugada syndrome who developed sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (SMVT). The patient was a 29-year-old man who experienced recurrent episodes of palpitation and syncope after drinking alcohol. Electrocardiogram showed right bundle branch block and ST-segment elevation in precordial leads V1-3 without Q-Tc prolongation. Organic heart disease and coronary artery disease were excluded by noninvasive and invasive tests. Ventricular fibrillation was induced by the application of a single extra-stimulus to the right ventricular outflow tract. During isoproterenol infusion, SMVT of left bundle branch block morphology (240/min) was induced by the application of a single extrastimulus to the right ventricular apex. SMVT also developed spontaneously. Pace mapping disclosed that SMVT originated at the free wall of the right ventricular outflow tract. Head-up tilt test and an alcohol provocation test both induced similar SMVT that was associated with hypotension and near syncope. SMVT was not terminated by intravenous administration of lidocaine, procainamide or adenosine triphosphate (10 mg), but was terminated by propranolol. Thus, a beta-adrenoceptor-mediated mechanism appears to play an important role in SMVT in this patient. The site of origin of SMVT might be closely related to the lesion that causes ST-segment elevation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The management selection of renal angiomyolipoma].

BACKGROUND: Nephron-sparing surgery is ideal in the treatment of renal angiomyolipoma (AML). But, in fact, occasional cases are found in post-ruptured AML and/or in bilateral multiple AMLs, that is seen in tuberous sclerosis. And we cannot perform nephron sparing surgery so easily. We proposed the treatment selection in such complicated AML. METHODS: We experienced 10 cases (12 kidneys) for about ten years, and studied our treatment selection and prognosis on each cases retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 5 kidneys with AML less than 4 cm in diameter, 4 have not encountered with rupture. Of the 7 kidneys with AML more than 4 cm in diameter, 4 kidneys had rupture. Of the 3 kidneys unruptured AML more than 4 cm in diameter, 2 kidneys were treated by enucleation and we performed preventive embolization for rupture in residual one kidney. The patients was suffered from tuberculosis sclerosis, and she had bilateral multiple AMLs. Of the 4 kidneys with ruptured AML, 2 kidneys were treated by enucleation, and the other 2 kidneys were entirely resected. We succeeded enucleation in 2 of 4 kidneys with ruptured complicated AML. In those cases, we did long term watching after rupture and in-situ perfusion technique at the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Active treatment of AML, that is more than 4 cm in diameter, might be recommended. Because most of those will be ruptured. The ideal treatment, nephron-sparing surgery is difficult in complicated situation, such as after rupture and bilateral multiple AMLs. In our opinion, the point of success of nephron-sparing surgery might be long term watching after rupture and in-situ perfusion technique at the operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Correlation between intratumor DNA ploidy distribution pattern and prognosis by tumor stage in colorectal carcinomas].

Curatively resected specimens of 124 cases of colorectal carcinoma, and 6 cases of colorectal carcinoma showing hematogenous metastasis were used in this study. Each carcinoma was cut out in stepwise section through the entire tumor. DNA ploidy for each section was determined by flow cytometry, and the intratumor DNA ploidy distribution pattern was decided, and divided into 5 types (Type A-E). These 5 types were broadly divided into 2 types; predominantly diploidy type (Type A, C) and predominantly aneuploidy type (Type B, D, E). A statistically significant difference was seen in the 5-year survival between 25 cases of the predominantly diploidy type (100%) and 99 cases of the predominantly aneuploidy type (76.7%). However, there was no statistically significant difference in survival between these 2 types in any Dukes stage. The intratumor DNA ploidy distribution pattern in 6 cases of colorectal carcinoma showing hematogenous metastasis comprised 3 cases of Type E, 2 Type D and 1 Type B. And that of 8 cases of curatively resected colorectal carcinoma showing hematogenous metastasis postoperatively comprised 5 cases of Type D, 2 Type E and 1 Type B. Thus, a close correlation between the aneuploidy predominant type, especially Type D as well as Type E, and hematogenous metastasis, was suggested.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

[Correlation between intratumor DNA ploidy distribution pattern and clinicopathologic variables in large-bowel carcinoma].

Surgically resected specimens of 139 cases of large-bowel carcinoma were analysed in this study. Each carcinoma was cut out in stepwise section through the whole tumor, and flow cytometric DNA measurement was performed for each section. The intratumor DNA ploidy distribution pattern decided in this way was classified into 5 types (Type A-E). The 139 cases of carcinoma comprised 19 cases of Type A, 27 Type B, 11 Type C, 37 Type D and 45 Type E. The intratumor DNA ploidy distribution pattern showed a statistically significant correlation to tumor size, gross type, depth of invasion, growth pattern at the tumor margin, venous permeation of visceral wall, DNA Index and Dukes stage. Among these 5 types of carcinoma, carcinoma showing Type E was seen most frequently, even in the earlier stage, and found most frequently among the cases showing invasive growth pattern at the tumor margin, positive venous permeation in the visceral wall and DNA Index of more than 1.7. Therefore, the intratumor DNA ploidy distribution pattern seemed to reflect the degree of tumor malignancy as well as that of tumor advancement. Moreover, Type E pattern of carcinoma appeared to reveal the highest grade of malignancy, and early detection of this type seemed to be necessary in order to improve survival after surgery.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

[Effects of intravenous 2-chloroadenosine on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury].

To assess the effects of 2-chloroadenosine (2CA) on acute lung injury caused by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), guinea pigs were given 2CA intravenously. Three groups were used: saline control, endotoxin control and 2CA+ endotoxin. In the endotoxin and 2CA+ endotoxin groups, neutrophils accumulated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in lung tissue. However, neutrophil accumulation did not differ significantly between the endotoxin and the 2CA+ endotoxin groups. The number of macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was significantly higher in the endotoxin group than in the saline control group, but the difference between the saline control and the 2CA+ endotoxin groups was not significant. The lung wet-dry weight ratio and 125I-albumin lung tissue-plasma ratio, which were used to measure acute lung injury, were significantly higher in the endotoxin group than in the 2CA+ endotoxin and the saline control groups. However, these ratios did not differ between the 2CA+ endotoxin and the saline control groups. These results suggest that 2CA attenuated endotoxin induced acute lung injury in guinea pigs.

2-Chloroadenosine↗
PubMed1996

[Roles of inflammatory cells in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury in guinea pigs exposed to heat-killed bacteria].

To study the contribution of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear (MN) phagocytes to the development of acute lung injury, we studied lung injury after intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (0.02 mg/kg) in guinea pigs previously exposed to heat-killed Corynebacterium parvum. In on group, cyclophosphamide was given to deplete peripheral PMNs. In another group, gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) was injected to suppress the function of MNs. Four hours after instillation of lippoly soccharide, the animals were killed, bronchoalveolar lavage was done, and the lungs were examined histopathologically. 125I-labeled albumin was injected to estimate the endothelial damage, and 131I-labeled albumin was injected to correct for blood contamination in the samples. In the group given cyclophosphamide, lung injury was no less than in the control group. In contrast, lung injury was less sever in the group given GdCl3 than in the control group. These findings suggest that MN are important in the pathogenesis of lung injury, especially in individuals who are immunologically primed by infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Indices allowing early detection of chronic pulmonary emphysema].

To establish criteria allowing early detection of pathologically significant alterations in pulmonary emphysema caused by smoking, pulmonary-function tests and high-resolution computed tomography were done in 104 subjects categorized into three groups: nonsmoking healthy adults, smokers with a normal FEV1%, and smokers with a low FEV1% (cross-sectional analysis). Fifty-six of the 104 patients underwent pulmonary-function testing and high-resdution computed fomography once per year for 3 years (longitudinal analysis). Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses showed that abnormalities in functional residual capacity, in single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and in the average tomographic density of sections in the lower lung fields obtained after a deep inspiration could be used to predict whether the disease would reach an advanced stage, even if the patients had no significant symptoms at the time of testing. Relative areas of low-attenuation regions, which were alleged to directly reflect the size of emphysematous areas, appear not to be useful for early detection of pathological emphysema.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Role of adhesion molecules in an animal model of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury].

We studied the role of adhesion molecules in acute lung injury caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Forty-eight female guinea pigs were divided into three groups: saline (n = 12); B464, an LPS antagonist, (0.2 mg/kg i.v.) (n = 12); LPS (0.02 mg/kg i.v.) (n = 12); and LPS + B464 (n = 12). The numbers of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) in blood sampled over 4 hours were counted. Accumulation of PMNs in the lungs was determined by counting the number of PMNs in lung-tissue samples fixed for light-microscopic examination. The lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and the 125I-albumin tissue-to-plasma ratio were used to assess lung injury. Human umbilical-vein endothelial cells were treated with B464 and then stimulated with either LPS or tumor necrosis factor. Expression of ICAM-1 and ELAM-1 was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After LPS injection, light microscopy revealed decreases in peripheral PMN counts, and accumulation of PMNs in the lungs. Increases in the two indices of lung injury were also observed. These changes were attenuated by prior treatment with B464. The LPS-induced increases in ICAM-1 and ELAM-1 expression were dose-dependently suppressed by B464. These results suggest that pulmonary accumulation of activated PMNs plays an important role in LPS-induced lung injury.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Preliminary report of tumor metastasis during liver regeneration after hepatic resection in rats.

In an attempt to ascertain possible facilitation of tumor metastasis during liver regeneration after hepatectomy, a series of experiments in rats was carried out using the RBT-1 carcinoma. WKA rats were separated into three groups: Group A received a sham operation; Group B underwent one-third hepatectomy; and Group C underwent two-thirds hepatectomy. Three groups had viable tumor cells injected into the tail vein after treatment. Survival period and lung metastases were analysed 14 days after initial injection of tumor. When comparisons were made between all groups, survival was shown to be significantly shorter in Group C than Group A (P < 0.05). The number of metastatic nodules in the lungs was significantly increased in Group B (P < 0.05) and C (P < 0.01), compared to Group A and in Group C, compared with Group B (P < 0.05). These results suggest that facilitation of tumor metastasis during liver regeneration may be proportional to the extent of liver resection.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Protection of mice from Mycobacterium avium infection by recombinant interleukin-12.

Treatment with interleukin-12 (IL-12) significantly reduced the number of viable bacteria in mice infected with Mycobacterium avium. IL-12 itself, however, could not inhibit directly mycobacterial growth in vitro. IL-12 exerts antimycobacterial activity in vivo with a low level of toxicity, possibly by enhancing the host defense against the infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of pretreatment with SDZ MRL 953, a novel immunostimulatory lipid A analog, on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in guinea pigs.

SDZ MRL 953 (SDZ), a novel immunostimulatory lipid A analog, has been reported to have immunopharmacological activities similar to those of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but to have little of the toxicity of LPS. We investigated the effects of pretreatment with SDZ on Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in guinea pigs. Four experimental groups consisted of saline control (n = 16), SDZ (-12 h) plus LPS (2 mg/kg of SDZ per kg of body weight injected intravenously 12 h before intravenous injection of 2 mg of LPS per kg; n = 15), SDZ (-10 min) plus LPS (SDZ injected 10 min before LPS injection; n = 10), and LPS alone (n = 16). The animals were sacrificed, and lung tissue was sampled 4 h after LPS or saline infusion. Lung injury was assessed by measuring the wet weight-to-dry weight ratio and the level of 125I-labeled albumin accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid relative to that in plasma. In the SDZ (-12 h) plus LPS group, these two parameters of acute lung injury were decreased compared with those in the LPS alone group. However, they were not decreased in the SDZ (-10 min) plus LPS group. We conclude that SDZ attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury when it is administered 12 h before LPS injection. The attenuating effects of SDZ are speculated to be due to down regulation of the response to endotoxin rather than to receptor blocking.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

Attenuation of hyperoxic lung injury by the 21-aminosteroid U-74389G.

Hyperoxic lung injury is attributable to oxygen radicals produced under hyperoxic conditions. The 21-aminosteroid (AS), U-74389G, is a potent antioxidant. We examined the effect of U-74389G on lung injury in guinea pigs during exposure to 90% O2 for 48 h. We injected either vehicle or 10 mg/kg of U-74389G 30 min before the O2 exposure and injected the same dose 12, 24, and 36 h later. We performed two series of experiments after exposure. In the first series, we measured the clearance rate of 99mTc-labeled dialdehyde starch (DAS) from the lungs as an index of pulmonary epithelial damage in three experimental groups consisting of 1) control (n = 6) O2 alone (n = 6), and 3) O2 + AS (n = 6). In the second series, pulmonary endothelial injury was estimated by using 28 guinea pigs divided into four experimental groups consisting of 1) control (n = 8), 2) AS alone (n = 5), 3) O2 alone (n = 6), and 4) O2 + AS (n = 9). In the second series, we measured the wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) as an index of lung water and the concentration ratio of 125I-labeled albumin in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid compared with plasma (T/P and BAL/P, respectively) as indexes of pulmonary endothelial damage. Cell accumulation in BAL fluid and lung tissue samples was also assessed in the second series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Intralesional steroid-therapy-induced reduction of plasma interleukin-6 and improvement of cutaneous plasmacytosis.

We describe a case of primary multiple cutaneous plasmacytosis successfully treated by intralesional steroid therapy. Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels reduced in parallel with the disease activity. Intralesional steroid reduced IL-6 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while neither PUVA therapy nor intralesional recombinant interferon-gamma resulted in a benefit and plasma IL-6 levels did not decrease. It was suggested that IL-6 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of this condition.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

BCG priming enhances endotoxin-induced acute lung injury independent of neutrophils.

Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) is known to increase susceptibility to endotoxin in some animal species. We investigated the effect of BCG-priming and the role of neutrophils in the priming process on the pathogenesis of acute lung injury caused by intravenously administered Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS). Guinea pigs were divided into seven groups: (1) control (n = 8), (2) BCG-alone (n = 6), (3) cyclophosphamide (CPA)-alone (n = 6), (4) CPA+LPS (n = 6), (5) LPS-alone (n = 6), (6) BCG+LPS (n = 6), and (7) BCG+CPA+LPS (n = 6). A BCG dose of 8 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously 10 d before the study. CPA was administered intraperitoneally to induce peripheral neutropenia. Animals were observed for 4 h after intravenous administration of 0.2 mg/kg of LPS. The plasma TNF level was measured 2 h after LPS challenge. Lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, [125I] albumin leakage in lung tissue, differential cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and histopathologic features were examined immediately after death. Although the LPS-alone group showed PMN accumulation in lung tissue, neither excess lung water nor increased albumin leakage was induced by this dose of LPS. The BCG+LPS group showed increased lung water, histopathologic edema, and increases in BAL fluid cell counts and plasma TNF in comparison with the LPS-alone group. The BCG+CPA+LPS group also showed enhanced lung injury comparable to that seen in the BCG+LPS group. In both the CPA-alone and the CPA+LPS groups, no parameter was increased as compared with those in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Priming of alveolar macrophages for interleukin-8 production in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

We evaluated the contribution of interleukin-8 (IL-8) to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) by studying bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in eight patients with IPF in the chronically progressive phase, five patients with IPF in the subacutely progressive phase, eight patients with sarcoidosis (SAR), and eight control (CTL) subjects. IL-8 levels were not increased in the BALF of the patients with IPF in the chronic phase (11.3 +/- 8.8 pg/ml), nor in that of the SAR patients (13.8 +/- 7.8 pg/ml), whereas they were increased in the BALF of patients with IPF in the subacutely progressive phase (1.93 +/- 1.10 ng/ml). We then investigated extracellular and cell-associated IL-8 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BALF cells to determine the IL-8-producing potential of alveolar macrophages (AM). Following LPS stimulation of BALF cells from patients with IPF in the chronic phase, both the extracellular IL-8 in culture fluid and the cell-associated IL-8 in AM were increased as compared with those for the CTL subjects (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that AM of patients with IPF are primed for IL-8 production. We conclude that IL-8 may play a role in neutrophilic alveolitis, especially during the subacute phase of IPF.

Acute Disease↗