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Biomedical subjects

K Smith

Publications and source records attributed to K Smith.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Sequence organization of the beta-globin mRNA precursor.

The sequence organization of the beta-globin mRNA precursor has been determined directly by analyzing the resistant fragments from the RNase A digestion of the precursor RNA-globin cDNA hybrid. Three fragments are obtained which proves that the beta-globin mRNA sequence in its precursor is split into three discontinuous segments. The two intervening sequences in the beta-globin gene are therefore transcribed and removed during mRNA maturation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1978

New centrifugation blood culture device.

A single-tube blood culture device designed for centrifugation in a tabletop centrifuge is described. Reconstruction experiments using 21 different organisms and human donor blood indicate that excellent recovery can be obtained by centrifugation for 30 min at 3,000 X g.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1978

Enlarged cisternae magnae and posterior fossa cysts simulating Dandy-Walker syndrome on computed tomography.

Computed tomography was performed on 5 children with posterior fossa cystic abnormalities. On an axial tomogram, an enlarged cisterna magna could not be distinguished from a Dandy-Walker variant, nor could an encysted fourth ventricle be distinguished from a subarachnoid cyst. Supplementary air encephalography or sagittal reconstruction of tomograms is necessary to define posterior fossa cysts accurately.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Therapists', patients', and inpatient staff's views of treatment modes and outcomes.

Data were gathered on 199 consecutive admissions to a community mental health center in an exploratory study to compare patients, therapists, and inpatient staff's perceptions of inpatient treatment. The three groups showed little agreement on the identification of patients' symptoms or on assessments of change for those cases in which they agreed on the symptoms. There was also little concurrence between the inpatient staff and therapists in reporting which major therapeutic modalities they used, and in identifying cases in which there were communication problems between therapist and staff. However, neither the use of different treatment approaches nor the existence of communication problems was related to longer lengths of stay or poorer outcomes. The authors note that many of the findings are consistent with comparisons elsewhere of patients' and caregivers' perceptions of outpatient psychotherapy and general medical care.

Attitude↗
PubMed1978

A freeze-etching study on experimental murine mastitis.

Streptococcal mastitis was produced experimentally in mice inoculated by the intramammary route; freeze-etched preparations from the affected mammary glands were studied by electron microscopy. The inoculated cocci were seen free in the acinar lumen, within luminal phagocytes and within cells of the epithelium. No significant pathological changes were noted in the junctional complexes between secretory epithelial cells. The results were comparable to those obtained by ultrathin sectioning and indicated that, while cocci can transfer from the acinar lumen into the substance of the epithelium and towards a subepithelial location, the junctional complexes between epithelial cells present a potential barrier to movement through the intercellular spaces.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Metabolic bone disease resembling osteosarcoma in a wooly monkey (Lagothrix lagotricha).

A female pet wooly monkey with metabolic bone disease initially presented with a proliferating bony mass in the left humerus which had many features of osteosarcoma. At necropsy, parathyroid hyperplasia, osteoclastic resorption, proliferative osteoid deposition in the calvarium and cortex of long bones, and fibrous proliferation of the marrow indicated the presence of generalized osteodystrophia fibrosa. The dietary history of deficient vitamin D3 and protein and minimal exposure to sunlight supported this diagnosis, as did depressed levels of serum calcium and elevated levels of serum parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Genesis of a virus-transforming gene.

The gene src responsible for neoplastic transformation of fibroblasts by avian sarcoma viruses was apparently derived from highly conserved nucleotide sequences in the normal avian genome. The cellular homologue of src is unlinked to the genome of an endogenous virus in chicken cells and functions in an unknown manner during normal cell metabolism.

Alpharetrovirus↗
PubMed1977

Radiotherapy in leukemia and lymphoma of children.

Radiotherapy is important in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma of children. In acute lymphocytic leukemia administration of cranial irradiation early during chemotherapy-induced remission prevents initial meningeal relapse. When cranial irradiation is combined with a 3-year course of multiple drug systemic chemotherapy approximately one-half of the children remain in complete remission for 5 years or more and are at little risk of relapse. Preventive cranial irradiation is effective in children with acute myelocytic leukemia, also, but this does not affect survival because of the inadequacy of chemotherapy in controlling bone marrow disease. Low dose palliative irradiation can be helpful in caring for some children with obstructive, painful or disabling leukemic lesions. In Hodgkin's disease of children radiotherapy is effective in curing stages IA, IIA, and IIIA disease and contributes to chemotherapy control of stages IIIB and IV disease. The role of radiotherapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is less clear. Children with T-lymphoblastic lymphoma tend to have rapid dissemination to bone marrow and meninges and appear to benefit more from multiple agent chemotherapy and preventive meningeal irradiation. Children with B-lymphoblastic lymphoma usually benefit from cyclophosphamide therapy; the value of irradiation is yet to be established. However, radiotherapy is frequently curative in stage I B-lymphocytic nodular and histiocytic lymphomas. The indications for radiotherapy in children with leukemia and lymphoma are constantly changing. Before each child is treated the multi disciplinary evaluation and treatment team must consider the rationale in relation to the specific child and current knowledge.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1977

Roentgenographic search for avascular necrosis of the head of the femur in alcoholics and normal adults.

Roentgenograms of 1,410 hips from 705 alcoholics were compared with those of 200 hips from 100 controls for changes consistent with non-traumatic (idiopathic) necrosis of the femoral head according to the findings diagnostic of necrosis of bone that were outlined by the Decompression Sickness Panel of the British Medical Research Council. Abnormalities were found in 45.3 per cent of the alcoholics and 49 per cent of the controls. None of the findings showed any statistical difference between the controls and the alcoholics. It was concluded that the roentgenographic findings used were not valid in detecting the early or subtle changes of necrosis of the femoral head and that the changes found in both groups are common and probably non-specific.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Pulsatile changes of electrical impedance in the lower limb.

The ratio of the pulsatile and the mean value of the volume of blood flowing through the calves of normal subjects with each heart beat was calculated from electrical impedance changes during venous occlusion plethysmography. Measurements made concurrently by proven Doppler ultrasound techniques did not correlate with ratios derived from the impedance measurements. The pulsatile change in electrical impedance in the limbs appears to be due more to changes of resistance in the blood than to pulsatile changes in the volume of the limb.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

An approach to programmed anaesthesia.

This approach to programmed anaesthesia uses a pharmakokinetic model to predict the rate at which halothane must be administered to achieve and maintain a preselected tension within the brain. 'In-course' corrections are also applied to this predictive regime on the basis of variations in the respired minute volume which is taken as an indicator of the depth of anaesthesia. Experimental data on the accuracy of the model and the performance of the corrective control unit are presented.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1976

Immunotherapy of osteosarcoma patients with virus-modified tumor cells.

Twelve patients 11-20 years of age with recurrent osteosarcoma were immunized with either autologous or allogeneic tumor cells infected with influenza virus, strain B/Michigan or A/Port Chalmers. Six patients received only the vaccine, and the remaining six patients continued to receive methotrexate chemotherapy. The main objectives of this study were to determine if immunizations were toxic, if antibodies developed to the influenza virus antigen component of the vaccine, if this vaccine increased tumor-specific cellular and humoral immunity, and if the increase in immune response could be correlated with clinical course and prognosis. In all 12 cases, toxicity was negligible, and immunizations boosted antibody titers to both tumor cell and influenza virus antigens. However, in four of the six patients with advanced disease who received immunotherapy only, the vaccine did not stimulate mixed lymphocytes nor did it increase cell-mediated immunity. By contrast, five of six patients with minimal disease who continued methotrexate therapy developed cellular and humoral immunity in response to both allogeneic and autologous tumor cells. Although no clear-cut relationship between responses to the tumor cell vaccine and clinical course and prognosis could be demonstrated, three of the six patients with minimal disease have survived for 7-8 months after the first vaccination, without progression of disease. This study demonstrates that plasma membrane preparations derived from different lines of virus-infected osteosarcoma tumor cells will elicit an antibody response in patients with drug-resistant progressive osteogenic sarcoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Physiological effects of passive exercise on cardiorespiratory function.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of passive exercise as performed by physical therapists on the cardiac and respiratory systems. Seventeen normal subjects were positioned supine on a treatment table where they received passive range-of-motion exercise manually of most joints of the right upper extremity for ten repetitions. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and tidal lung volume were recorded before and immediately after the exercise. The results of the study showed no significant difference between measured values.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The superior gluteal: an artery at risk in blunt pelvic trauma.

Five patients with pelvic fractures were studied arteriographically and all were found to have injury to one or both superior gluteal arteries, in addition to other injuries. In three of the five patients no adjacent bony damage was seen on plain pelvic roentgenograms. A possible explanation for this finding is given in terms of anatomic relationships within the pelvis. The importance of early arteriography in the diagnosis management of blunt pelvic trauma is emphasized.

Adolescent↗