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Biomedical subjects

K Singh

Publications and source records attributed to K Singh.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A three-year evaluation of hemostatic function in Singaporean Norplant-2 rod acceptors.

A longitudinal study of hemostatic function was carried out on 100 Singaporean acceptors using Norplant-2 rods for contraception. The results at the end of three years indicate a possible increased predisposition to thrombosis, as evidenced by significant increases in platelet count and aggregability. The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) continued to remain shortened at the end of three years of use. There was also a general fall in most of the vitamin K coagulation factors. There is thus still an indication of a possible enhanced potential for hypercoagulation at the end of three years of Norplant-2 rod use.

Contraceptive Agents, Female↗
PubMed1990

A three-year clinical evaluation of Norplant in Singaporean acceptors.

A three-year clinical evaluation of Norplant implants in Singaporean acceptors shows that no pregnancy occurred during the first three years of use. The continuation rate at the end of three years was 69%. Desire for planned pregnancy and disruption of menstrual rhythm were the two main reasons for implant removal during the three years. The post-removal conception rate in women desiring pregnancy was 94.1% at the end of one year. It thus appears that Norplant offers a highly effective, safe, acceptable and reversible method of contraception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A three-year evaluation of metabolic changes in Singaporean Norplant acceptors.

In a longitudinal study involving 100 Singaporean women, the effect of NorplantR on metabolic function was evaluated. With respect to liver function, the results indicate possible hepatocellular dysfunction as evidenced by a significant rise in serum bilirubin and a significant fall in total proteins and globulin during the period under review. As regards lipid metabolism, total triglycerides and total cholesterol still remained significantly decreased at the end of the three years. The LDL, which was significantly decreased in the first year, increased during the subsequent two years to its preinsertion value at the end of three years. The HDL-cholesterol levels continued to decrease in the second and third year after a significant increase in the first year. Despite this, the HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol remained above 0.200. As we have not incorporated a simultaneous non-pill treated control group, the observed changes in lipoprotein lipids could be attributed to extraneous factors such as diet, exercise, or other environmental changes. Nevertheless, the findings at the end of three years, though speculative, still appear to indicate Norplant use to be not directly contributory to cardiovascular risk. The use of Norplant was not associated with any significant effects on carbohydrate metabolism after three years of use.

Contraceptive Agents, Female↗
PubMed1990

A three-year evaluation of hemostatic function in Singaporean Norplant acceptors.

In a longitudinal study involving 100 Singaporean women, results indicate that the acceptors persist in having a possibly increased predisposition to thrombosis, as evidenced by a significant increase in platelet count and aggregability. Furthermore, the shortened prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, together with changes in vitamin K factors, still indicate the possible enhanced potential for hypercoagulation.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1990

Clinical implications of the response of enamel and dentin to masticatory loads.

The success of restorative procedures is dependent on comprehension of the responses of enamel and dentin, including responses to masticatory forces. The regional variation resulting from masticatory forces is critical because clinically it relates to the thickness of enamel and dentin occlusogingivally. Three-dimensional finite element models of an intact mandibular molar were developed to analyze stresses in enamel and dentin occlusogingivally, buccolingually, and mesiodistally. There were dramatic regional variations in the magnitude and character of different stresses caused by masticatory forces, and despite being organically "bonded," enamel and dentin responded independently. This unique behavior with regional variations of these tissues could have serious clinical implications during restorative procedures.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1990

Attitudes towards contraceptive implants and injectables among present and former users in Singapore.

In a comparison of present and past users of contraceptive implants (Norplant) or injectables (DMPA) and discontinuers of Norplant or DMPA, information concerning the women's knowledge and perception of, and attitude to, implants and injectable contraceptives, was studied. The long duration of action (5 years) of implants was perceived positively by all groups as compared to the shorter 3-month duration of injectables, though this was seen as an advantage over the pill. It appears that the Norplant system has potential for wider use in Singapore in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Uses and limitations in the demonstration of specific circulating immune complexes in patients with amoebiasis.

A micro-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (micro-ELISA) has been evaluated as a diagnostic test to detect amoebic antigen in polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitated circulating immune complexes (CIC) in sera from patients with amoebiasis. The immune complexes were captured on rabbit anti-amoebic IgG-coated wells of microtitration plates and the complexed antigen was detected by enzyme linked antihuman immunoglobulins. A titre of greater than 160 for the immune complexes was considered to be of clinical significance. The immunoassay detected amoebic, antigen-specific CIC in 35 (94.5%) of 37 patients with confirmed amoebic liver abscess. Twenty (55.5%) of 36 clinically suspected cases of amoebic liver abscess had amoebic antigen-specific CIC and responded favourably to anti-amoebic chemotherapy. Only two (20%) of 10 cases of non-dysenteric symptomatic intestinal amoebic infection had amoebic antigen-specific CIC. One (10%) of 10 patients with non-amoebic intestinal disorders also had amoebic antigen in CIC. However, none of 15 cases of non-amoebic hepatic disorders that included hydatid disease, metastatic adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholecystitis and choledocal cyst, 13 cases of rheumatoid arthritis and 25 apparently healthy subjects had amoebic antigen in CIC. The levels of the amoebic antigen-specific CIC did not correlate (p greater than 0.05) with either the number of abscess(es) or lobe(s) of the liver involved. However, the levels of antigen-specific CIC were higher (p less than 0.01) in patients with a liver size of more than 5 cm below the right costal margin. Antigen-specific CIC levels tended to decline or disappear during 3-6 months following completion of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A DNA-binding protein factor recognizes two binding domains within the octopine synthase enhancer element.

A protein that binds to the enhancing element of the octopine synthase gene has been identified in nuclear extracts from maize cell suspension cultures. Two protein-DNA complexes are distinguishable by electrophoretic mobility in gel retardation assays. Footprint analyses of these low and high molecular weight complexes show, respectively, half and complete protection of the ocs-element DNA from cleavage by methidiumpropyl-EDTA.FE(II). Two lines of evidence indicate that the element has two recognition sites, each of which can bind identical protein units. Elements that are mutated in one or the other half and form only the low molecular weight complex interfere with the formation of both the low and high molecular weight complexes by the wild-type element. Protein isolated from a complex with only one binding site occupied can bind to the wild-type ocs-element and generate complexes with protein occupying one or both binding sites. Occupation of both sites of the ocs-element is a prerequisite for transcriptional enhancement.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1990

OCSBF-1, a maize ocs enhancer binding factor: isolation and expression during development.

The ocs-elements comprise a family of related 20-base pair DNA sequences with dyad symmetry that are functional components of the promoters of several genes introduced into the plant nucleus by Agrobacterium transformation or infection by DNA viruses. We describe the isolation and characterization of a maize cDNA that encodes a protein, OCSBF-1, that binds specifically to ocs-element sequences. The 21-kilodalton OCSBF-1 protein was encoded by a single copy, intron-less gene. The gene was differentially expressed in maize plants. Developing leaves had a gradient of OCSBF-1 mRNA with the basal portion of the leaves, which contain dividing and differentiating cells, having 40-fold to 50-fold higher levels of OCSBF-1 transcripts than the apical portion of the leaves, where the cells are fully differentiated. Roots and shoots of young plants had levels of OCSBF-1 mRNA similar to the basal portions of developing leaves. OCSBF-1 contained a small basic amino acid region and a potential leucine zipper motif homologous to the DNA-binding domains of the basic region-leucine zipper family of transcription factors such as Jun and GCN4. A truncated protein with the amino-terminal 76 amino acids of OCSBF-1, encompassing the basic domain and leucine zipper motif, still bound to ocs-element sequences in vitro. OCSBF-1 was able to bind to a site within each half of the ocs-element as well as to animal AP-1 and CREB sites.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Haloperidol as a pre-medicant for thiopental anaesthesia in the dog.

Haloperidol was administered intravenously at the dose rate of 0.87 mg/kg body weight five minutes prior to thiopental anaesthesia in 5 clinically healthy dogs, aged 10-12 months and weighing 11.5 +/- 0.96 kg. Animals required only 4.36 +/- 0.24 ml of the 5% thiopental sodium to achieve surgical anaesthesia which lasted for 37.5 +/- 4.3 minutes. There was adequate muscle relaxation and loss of pedal and palpebral reflexes during thiopental anaesthesia. Five minutes after administration of haloperidol, there was no appreciable change in the various cardiopulmonary dynamics with the exception of a hypocapnoea and a mild hypotension. During thiopentone anaesthesia, a mild hypotension and arterial hypoxemia was evident. This combination of anaesthesia was also employed in 14 clinical cases varying from fractures of long bones (4), mammary tumours (3), ear haematoma (4), venereal granuloma (2) and abdominal hernia (1). The combination proved extremely useful for orthopaedic surgery as the muscle relaxation was adequate and the reduction of the fractured ends was relatively easy.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1990

Developments in the care of 'new' long-stay inpatients in the United Kingdom--implications for Japanese psychiatry.

The English "ward-in-a-house" for new long-stay patients (NLS) is described. NLS are usually defined as (a) aged between 18 and 65, (b) continuously in hospital for between 1 and 5 years, and (c) individuals for whom it has not been possible to find alternative accommodation outside hospital, despite repeated attempts to do so. The "ward-in-a-house" combines the best features of high quality hospital care with the best features of community-based residential units. The "Koike-dormitory" which was set up more than 20 years ago in Maebashi city had many of the characteristics of the English "ward-in-a-house" and this is also described. The possibility of developing a "ward-in-a-house" in Japan is then discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Upstream activation and repression elements control transcription of the yeast COX5b gene.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae COX5b gene is regulated at the level of transcription by both the carbon source and oxygen. To define the cis-acting elements that underlie this transcriptional control, deletion analysis of the upstream regulatory region of COX5b was performed. The results of the study suggest that at least four distinct regulatory sites are functional upstream of the COX5b transcriptional starts. One, which was precisely defined to a region of 20 base pairs, contains two TATA-like elements. Two upstream activating sequences (UAS15b and UAS2(5b)) and an upstream repression sequence (URS5b) were also found. Each of the latter three elements was able either to activate (UAS1(5b) and UAS2(5b)) or to repress URS5b) the transcription of a heterologous yeast gene. Further analysis revealed that UAS1(5b) is the site of carbon source control and may be composed of two distinct domains that act synergistically. URS5b mediates the aerobic repression of COX5b and contains two sequences that are highly conserved in other yeast genes negatively regulated by oxygen.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetics and enterohepatic circulation of (E)-2-ene valproic acid in the rat.

A pharmacologically active monounsaturated metabolite of valproic acid (VPA), (E)-2-ene VPA, was administered by an intravenous bolus dose of 20 mg/kg to normal and bile-exteriorized rats. The total plasma clearance of (E)-2-ene VPA in normal rats was 4.9 ml/min/kg and in bile-exteriorized rats, 7.7 ml/min/kg. (E)-2-ene was recycled in the plasma of normal rats due to enterohepatic circulation. Approximately 32% of the dose was excreted in the urine of normal rats. Of the administered dose to bile exteriorized rats, approximately 27% was excreted in the urine and 38% in the bile. Administration of (E)-2-ene increased bile flow rate, and the induced choleresis lasted for 3-4 h. (E)-2-ene VPA was largely excreted in apparently conjugated form in the urine and bile. The pharmacokinetics of (E)-2-ene VPA were similar to that of the parent drug VPA.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The sore throat. When to investigate and when to prescribe.

Sore throats are most commonly due to infections, many of which are viral and do not require specific treatment. Symptoms and signs of the common cold, influenza or croup, the occurrence of conjunctivitis in some adenoviral infections, generalised lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly in glandular fever or the presence of vesicles characteristic of herpangina (Coxsackie A virus) or of herpes simplex infection, occasionally enable a clinical diagnosis and avoid the need for antibiotic therapy. In the case of treatable conditions a typical membrane may suggest diphtheria, a scarlatiniform rash infection due to Streptococcus pyogenes or to Corynebacterium haemolyticum, and a cherry-red epiglottis Haemophilus influenzae type b. Associated atypical pneumonia suggests infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Chlamydia pneumoniae. Pharyngitis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae may be accompanied by infection at other sites or by other sexually transmitted diseases. Candidal infection, in the appropriate clinical circumstance, should suggest HIV infection. Surgical drainage is required in the case of peritonsillar or retropharyngeal abscess. Noninfectious cases of sore throat, e.g. thyroiditis, are relatively uncommon considerations in the differential diagnosis of acute febrile pharyngitis. The most common problem is to recognise streptococcal pharyngitis, which requires antibiotic treatment for 10 days to avoid the risk of rheumatic fever.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Socio-economic development and transition in the duration of post-partum amenorrhoea: survival function analysis of data.

The impact of improved maternal socioeconomic status in the form of nutritious food on length of postpartum amenorrhea (PPA) is assessed using data for Varanasi city, India, for the period 1987-1990. "Estimates of survival functions corresponding to data relating to mothers of different social status groups, assumed to represent health condition of mothers, are obtained and compared. Finally, it is concluded that the distribution of duration of PPA is a mixture of two distributions and it differs from one social status group to [the] other."

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1990

Detection of antibodies to 35 kD determinant of M. leprae in urine and serum of leprosy patients.

Urine and serum samples from 67 subjects comprising 55 active cases of different types of leprosy and 12 normal controls were subjected to monoclonal antibody based urine antibody competition test (UACT) and serum antibody competition test (SACT) respectively. It was possible to demonstrate M. leprae specific antibodies in the urine of 50% of the seropositive subjects. Urine antibody positivity was observed to the extent of 52% in BL/LL subjects, 50% in BB and 43% in TT/BT types of leprosy.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗