Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Shinomiya

Publications and source records attributed to K Shinomiya.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Regulation of synthesis of N-linked glycoproteins and their lipid intermediates in human T lymphoblastoid cells.

The synthesis of N-linked glycoproteins and their lipid intermediates was investigated in cell-free preparations of human T lymphoblastoid cells during two phases of cell growth. The incorporation of 14C-labeled Man into glycoproteins and dolichol-linked oligosaccharides was greater during the logarithmic growth phase than the stationary phase. The incorporation of 14C-labeled GlcNAc into dolichol derivatives was increased in the logarithmic phase. However, the synthesis of Dol-P-Man was not significantly different. These data suggest that the differences are due, at least partially, to the increased synthesis of Dol-P-P-GlcNAc.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1986

Possible role of neuraminidase in the pathogenesis of arteritis and thrombocytopenia induced in rats by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

The role of the neuraminidase produced by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae) in the pathogenesis of arteritis and induced thrombocytopenia was examined using young and adult rats. There was a close correlation between bacterial invasion, desialation and cell infiltration in the common iliac artery. E. rhusiopathiae induced arteritis from the second and third day after inoculation with 3 X 10(8) viable bacteria in the young and adult rats, respectively. This delay with age was closely related to the increase of free sialic acid in the plasma. The sites invaded by E. rhusiopathiae coincided with the desialated lesions, and the bacteria invaded the periarterial region which was always accompanied by desialation when examined with FITC-conjugated peanut lectin. The free sialic acid in the plasma was, at least partly, considered to originate from the desialation of the arterial wall caused by E. rhusiopathiae. The platelet number decreased significantly after inoculation. The sialic acid content of the platelets prepared from circulating blood at 12 and 18 hours after inoculation showed a slight decrease and decreased further when the platelets were incubated with the bacteria. Platelets obtained from circulating blood within 24 hours after inoculation or incubated with the bacteria had demonstrated desialated sites as detected by immunofluorescent staining with FITC-conjugated peanut lectin. In conclusion, free sialic acid in the plasma was considered to be a good marker of the desialation of the arteries caused by E. rhusiopathiae, and the neuraminidase produced by the bacteria would be a key to solve the pathogenesis of the arteritis and thrombocytopenia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Effect of C3 depletion on the genesis of thrombocytopenia induced in rats by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

The role of complement in the pathogenesis of marked thrombocytopenia induced in rats by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae) was examined. In cobra venom factor (CoF)-treated rats thrombocytopenia was not induced by the bacterium. The content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in platelets was decreased significantly after inoculation only in untreated rats. E. rhusiopathiae could bind C3 and generate platelet-bacteria aggregation when incubated in the plasma diluted with veronal-buffered saline containing calcium and magnesium (VBS++) or gelatin-VBS containing magnesium and ethyleneglycol tetra-acetic acid (GVB-Mg-EGTA), but not when incubated in GVB-ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (GVB-EDTA) diluted plasma or in CoF-treated or anti rat C3-treated plasma. When platelets were preincubated with activated zymosan, no bacteria could bind to platelets. From the results, we speculate that the alternative complement pathway, activated by E. rhusiopathiae, appears to mediate the formation of platelet-bacterial aggregations that may accelerate the removal of platelets from circulating blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Inhibitor of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase induced in human T lymphoblastoid cell line treated with deoxyadenosine, deoxycoformycin and interferon.

The effect of deoxyadenosine (dAdo) with deoxycoformycin on the induction of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase by interferon was investigated. After semi-purification through poly(I):poly(C) gel, the activity was similar in control and dAdo-treated cells. However, the activity in the crude extract decreased with rising concentrations of dAdo. On the other hand, the level of 2'-phosphodiesterase, which is also induced by interferon and degrades 2',5'-oligoadenylate, showed no significant change after dAdo treatment. Thus, the crude extract was speculated to contain an inhibitor of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase. Further characterization of the inhibitor revealed that inhibition was not due to dATP accumulation in cells.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
PubMed1985

Monoclonal anti-human IgG antibodies for quantitation of allergen-specific IgG in human sera.

Eight monoclonal anti-human IgG antibodies were fully characterized and evaluated as possible reagents in solid phase radioimmunoassay for quantitating allergen-specific IgG antibody. Four monoclonal antibodies (HG24D, HG2-14, HG2-18, and HG2-25) recognize CH2 domain of human IgG and bind to human IgG fixed to microtiter plate with high affinities. These monoclonal antibodies were more suitable than polyclonal rabbit anti-human IgG antibody in Phadebas RAST for honey bee venom-specific IgG antibody. Nonspecific binding was much lower, and the slopes of standard curves were much steeper. In contrast to polyclonal antibody, the standard curve was hardly influenced by human serum IgG in sample diluent. These advantages of monoclonal antibodies that recognize CH2 domain of human IgG made it possible to quantitate egg white- and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-specific IgG antibodies with use of allergen disks prepared for IgE RAST. This property allows a single system to be used for measurement of IgG and IgE antibodies against clinically relevant allergens.

Allergens↗
PubMed1985

An experimental model of arteritis: periarteritis induced by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in young rats.

The acute phase of the arteritis of the common iliac artery induced in young rats by the inoculation of viable Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was examined. Arteritis of the common iliac artery was observed within 4 days after inoculation in every rat that was inoculated with the live bacteria. Within 2 days after the inoculation, infiltration by mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells was first detected in the periarterial tissue extending centripetally to the outer two-thirds of the media. Invasion by the bacteria always preceded cell infiltration. Immunofluorescence test by FITC-labeled peanut lectin demonstrated the desialated sites by the effect of neuraminidase produced by the bacteria in the arterial wall concomitantly with the invasion of the bacteria. Linear presentation of C3 along the external elastic lamina of that artery was also detected. The results showed that viable E. rhusiopathiae could induce arteritis of muscular arteries and that the neuraminidase produced by the bacteria might play a role in the progress of arterial inflammation. We consider that this model will contribute to clarifying the progression of the arteritis process, and to assessing the efficacy of antiinflammatory drugs to inhibit the arterial inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Urinary excretion rate of antithrombin III related antigen in cerebral stroke.

The urinary excretion rate of antithrombin III related antigen (AT III RA) was examined in cerebral stroke. The excretion rate of AT III RA in cerebral hemorrhage (CH) was 12.33 +/- 1.61 X 10(-4) ml/min. The patients with CH were further classified into two groups: in group CH-I, whose consciousness state was stupor or further deteriorated including coma on admission, the excretion rate of AT III RA was 18.08 +/- 2.50 X 10(-4) ml/min. In group CH-II, whose consciousness state was clear on admission, the excretion rate of AT III RA was significantly lower than that in CH-I (6.20 +/- 1.56 X 10(-4) ml/min). The excretion rate in cerebral thrombosis (CT) was 1.96 +/- 0.25 X 10(-4) ml/min, which was significantly lower than that in CH. The excretion rate of AT III RA in both CH and CT was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (0.29 +/- 0.04 X 10(-4) ml/min). Thus, AT III may change dynamically in cerebral stroke.

Antigens↗
PubMed1984

High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin for Kawasaki disease.

The ability of high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG) to prevent the coronary artery lesion of Kawasaki disease has been studied in a multicentre controlled trial of IVGG plus aspirin versus aspirin alone, aspirin being the conventional treatment for Kawasaki disease. Patients were allocated at random to aspirin (45 cases) or IVGG (40 cases), there being no significant intergroup differences in age, sex ratio, duration of disease until the start of treatment, or severity. The development of coronary artery dilatation was monitored by two-dimensional echocardiography. Within 29 days of the onset of the disease, this lesion had developed in 19 cases (42%) in the aspirin group and in 6 cases (15%) in the IVGG group. There were no new instances of this lesion: in the period 30-60 days coronary artery dilatation persisted in 14 and 3 cases, respectively. In patients found to have echocardiographic abnormalities selective coronary arteriography was done 30-60 days after onset of Kawasaki disease and the lesion was confirmed in 1 of the 6 cases in the IVGG group and in 11 of the 19 controls. High-dose IVGG seems to reduce the frequency of coronary artery abnormalities in patients with Kawasaki disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

The use of monoclonal antibodies in demonstrating the effect of antibody heterogeneity on immune complex size.

The effect of antibody heterogeneity on immune complex size was investigated by using monoclonal antibodies. Five monoclonal antibodies which bind different antigenic determinants of human serum albumin were used to produce immune complexes. When one or two different monoclonal antibodies were used, under antigen-excess, antigen-antibody equivalent, and antibody-excess conditions, hardly any immune complexes larger than mouse IgM were produced. On the other hand, in a representative experiment, when five different monoclonal antibodies were used, immune complexes larger than mouse IgM comprised 21.5% of the total antigen under antigen-antibody equivalent conditions, 18.2% under antibody-excess conditions, and 4.3% under antigen-excess conditions. These results indicate that antibody heterogeneity is one of the important factors determining immune complex size.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Influence of the factors altering the electrophoretic migration of the alpha 2 Gc globulin in the diagram of iso-electric focusing of the Gc type].

In the present study, it is shown that the pattern of the isoelectric focusing with immunofixation changes markedly in the presence of substances such as platelet extract, trypsin, chymotrypsin, vitamin D3 and neuraminidase. It has been recently found that the factor of platelet extract is actin (K. Shinomiya et al., Jpn. J. Legal Med., 36 (1982) 542-549; J. Biochem., 92 (1982) 1163-1171), and Gc globulin is bound by actin (H. Van Baelen et al., J. Biol. Chem., 255 (1980) 2270-2272). The Gc-actin complex appeared as supplementary bands of Gc-globulin near by the anode band of Gc1F-1F or Gc1S-1S. As to the Gc2-2, the supplementary band of Gc-actin complex appeared on the cathode side of the original anode band of Gc1F-1F or Gc1S-1S. Concerning Gc1F-1F (or Gc1S-1S), two supplementary bands of Gc-actin complex appeared on the anode side of the original band. Each product originated from the digestion of Gc-globulins of common phenotypes by trypsin appeared as four characteristic bands on the anode side of the original band. On the other hand, each product obtained by treatment of Gc-globulins of common phenotypes with chymotrypsin appeared as two characteristic bands on the anode side near the anode band of Gc1F-1F. The results obtained in this study give useful information to distinguish the pattern between original and supplementary bands which were altered by the action of factors.

Actins↗
PubMed1983

The typing of group-specific component (Gc protein) in human blood stains.

It is known that the typing of group-specific component (Gc protein) in human blood stains is difficult since Gc protein of the extracts of blood stains migrates more anodally to the alpha 1-globulin region in agar-gel immunoelectrophoresis, while Gc protein in liquid blood normally migrates to the alpha 2-globulin region. We have reported that the Gc protein found in the alpha 1-region is the result of binding of actin to Gc protein (Shinomiya, K., Kimura, H., Yoshida, K., and Shinomiya, T., J. Biochem., 92 (1982) 1163-1171, which renders it difficult to determine the Gc-phenotypes in the blood stains. On the basis of the above findings, we developed the method of phenotyping the Gc protein of human blood stains by agar-gel immunoelectrophoresis. Since the binding activity of actin to Gc protein is lost after treatment with a high concentration of guanidine HCl, the extracts of blood stains were treated with 4 M guanidine HCl to dissociate Gc protein and actin and then dialyzed to remove guanidine HCl. By this method we are able to determine the phenotypes of Gc protein in blood stains. The method we have developed is a useful tool in the forensic laboratory.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1983

Selective enhancement of human IgE production in vitro by synergy of pokeweed mitogen and mercuric chloride.

IgE production in vitro was investigated in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from non-atopic donors with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), mercuric chloride (HgCl2), or both. PWM alone induced a few IgE immunoglobulin secreting cells (ISC) detected by reverse plaque forming cells (PFC) and many IgG, IgM, and IgA PFC. HgCl2 alone failed to produce significant numbers of ISC of any class. PWM plus HgCl2 caused a selective increase of IgE PFC without affecting IgG, IgM, and IgA PFC. Co-cultures of B cells plus mitomycin C (MMC) treated T cells stimulated by PWM alone produced more IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE PFC than those of B cells plus T cells. However, PWM plus HgCl2 produced significantly more IgE PFC selectively in those cultures. This effect was observed in the cells of most of the donors, but a few donors showed different responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Suppressive effect of IgE soluble immune complex on neutrophil chemotaxis.

The effect of IgE soluble immune complex (SIC) and IgG SIC on neutrophil chemotaxis was investigated. Eight types of SIC were prepared from kappa type IgE myeloma protein and IgG myeloma protein: IgE-anti-kappa SIC in IgE excess and in anti-kappa excess, IgE-anti-epsilon SIC in IgE excess and in anti-epsilon excess, IgG-anti-kappa SIC in IgG excess and in anti-kappa excess, IgG-anti-gamma SIC in IgG excess and in anti-gamma excess. Four types of IgE SIC markedly suppressed neutrophil and chemotaxis, but free IgE, free anti-kappa chain antibody, free anti-epsilon chain antibody and IgG SIC had no inhibitory activity. This inhibitory activity of IgE SIC on neutrophil chemotaxis was cell directed and concentration-dependent. IgE immune complex also inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis when immune complex was formed in the neutrophil chemotaxis.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1982

Detection of human osteosarcoma-associated antigen(s) by monoclonal antibodies.

Hybrid cell lines have been derived from a fusion between mouse myeloma cells, NS1, and spleen cells from mice immunized with freshly resected osteosarcoma cells from an untreated patient. Of the 276 hybrids obtained, five secreted antibodies which bound to osteosarcoma tissues but not to autologous skin fibroblasts. The antibodies from three of these five hybrids, OST6, OST7, and OST15, reacted with all of five osteosarcoma tissues and with one chondrosarcoma tissue but not with other malignant or benign tumors. Tests of various normal tissues were negative, except for weak binding to a subpopulation of chondrocytes in articular cartilage. The reciprocal binding inhibition test showed that OST6, OST7, and OST15 antibodies were directed against different antigenic determinants.

Animals↗