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Biomedical subjects

K Shinohara

Publications and source records attributed to K Shinohara.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Pathologic basis of the sonographic appearance of the normal and malignant prostate.

The hypoechoic nature of prostatic cancer is now well recognized. In fact, not all cancers are purely hypoechoic; many are isoechoic, and some have a mixed echogenicity. Rarely, we have seen a cancer that was predominantly hyperechoic. Other signs of disturbance of the normal internal anatomy of the prostate may suggest the diagnosis of prostate cancer and are particularly valuable in assessing patients with more advanced disease. Approximately one third of early-stage cancers detected by palpation or transurethral resection are isoechoic. These tumors are anteriorly located, small, and well differentiated and infiltrate among normal glands or are composed of malignant glands similar in size to normal acini. Not all hypoechoic areas within the prostate are cancer; both normal anatomic structures and various benign conditions may appear less echogenic than the normal prostatic parenchyma. A comprehensive understanding of normal prostatic anatomy and the morphology of prostate cancer is essential to the accurate interpretation of the sonogram. Precise interpretation of prostatic sonograms requires detailed correlations of high-quality images with pathologic examinations of the whole prostate. The development of accurate criteria for the sonographic diagnosis of both malignant and benign prostatic diseases can be achieved only by such studies. As the possibilities and limitations of transrectal ultrasonography become apparent from pathologic correlation, the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of prostate cancer will be placed on a more rational basis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

Staging of prostate cancer. Value of ultrasonography.

Clinical staging is the attempt to determine the pathologic extent of a cancer by clinical tests (Whitmore). Traditionally, staging of prostate cancer has relied on the digital rectal examination, but ultrasonography, which provides an unprecedented picture of the gland, has become a valuable adjunct. The overall sonographic pattern helps to classify a tumor as "localized" or "extensive." A more detailed analysis yields information about the volume and location of the primary tumor; the presence, location, and extent of extracapsular extension; and the presence of seminal vesicle invasion. Comparison of sonograms with corresponding sections of radical prostatectomy specimens demonstrates that ultrasound complements the digital examination in determining by clinical tests the pathologic extent of a cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Transrectal ultrasonography in disorders of the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts.

Ultrasonography is an inexpensive, noninvasive, and reliable means of evaluating the integrity of the distal seminal tract. A variety of rare congenital anomalies can be demonstrated by ultrasound applied either transabdominally or by the transrectal route. Ultrasonography provides a unique insight into the function and pathology of ejaculation that may affect fertility and may well produce new diagnostic criteria to explain some of the more unusual symptoms encountered by urologists in general practice.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1988

Algal phycocyanins promote growth of human cells in culture.

The growth-promoting substances in a non-dialyzable extract of Synechococcus elongatus var. on RPMI 8226 cells (a human myeloma cell line) were separated by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. By gel filtration with Sepharose 4B, the dialyzate was separated into two fractions. One fraction was green-colored (P-1) and the other was blue-colored (P-2). The P-2 fraction had a higher growth-promoting activity than P-1. By ion exchange chromatography, the P-2 fraction was separated into two blue-colored fractions of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin. Both biliproteins promoted the growth of RPMI 8226 cells; however, allophycocyanin was more active than phycocyanin.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1988

Synthesis and assembly of H+-ATPase complex by isolated "rough" thylakoids.

The synthesis and assembly of chloroplast H+-ATPase complex were studied by analyzing the incorporation of [35S]methionine into the constituent subunits with isolated intact chloroplasts and with thylakoid membranes that had been prepared from the chloroplasts so that they would retain ribosomes. The complex was isolated from thylakoids after labeling and identified by immunoprecipitation with an antiserum specific to CF1. The mechanism for the assembly of the complex was demonstrated to be active in the isolated chloroplasts by the following observations: the plastid genome-regulated subunits (alpha, beta, epsilon, I, and III) were labeled by in organello translation and recovered with the complex, and three other subunits (gamma, delta, and II) were labeled when intact chloroplasts were incubated with translation products from polyadenylated RNA. The two largest subunits, alpha and beta, were translated on thylakoid-bound ribosomes when the thylakoid membranes were incubated with soluble factors from Escherichia coli. They were recovered with the H+-ATPase complex, suggesting that they are translated on the bound ribosomes in the chloroplast, and that the isolated membranes retain the ability to assemble a complete complex. Provided that these observations are the result of de novo assembly of the complex, the imported and processed nuclear-coded subunits are presumed to be pooled not in stroma but on the membrane.

Cell Fractionation↗
PubMed1988

Gallium citrate, a new sensitizer of cells to hyperthermia.

The killing effects of heat were studied on cultured mammalian cells (L5178Y) pre-incubated with gallium (Ga) citrate, which is a popular tumor-imaging diagnostic agent. The cells showed higher sensitivity to heat when they were pre-incubated with Ga-citrate. The pre-incubated cells showed decreased ATP levels, and this may be responsible for the heat-sensitizing effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of Cyclosporin A on rat thymus: time course analysis by immunoperoxidase technique and flow cytofluorometry.

The effect of Cyclosporin A (CyA) administration 20 mg/kg body weight i.p. for 3 or 7 days on rat lymphoid tissues, especially on the thymus, and the recovery after stopping CyA treatment were investigated by both immunoperoxidase technique and flow cytofluorometry using monoclonal antibodies against rat lymphocytes: OX6, OX7, OX8, OX18 and W3/25. The marked reduction of thymic medulla with CyA treatment was clearly demonstrated by staining with OX18. This change was maximal 7 to 10 days after the start of CyA administration. The obvious restitution of the thymic medulla occurred about 7 days after stopping CyA and was almost completed within 14 days. Flow-cytofluorometric analysis of the thymus showed that the percentages of positive cells labelled with OX7, OX8, OX18 and W3/25 appeared to be not changed except for OX18 during and after CyA treatment. However, the expression of each antigen per cell changed in the amount; the peak of fluorescence intensity of OX7+ cells showed a temporary shift to the right during CyA treatment. Bright positive cell populations for each OX8 and W3/25 increased relatively during CyA treatment, and reverted to the normal levels soon after stopping the CyA treatment. On the other hand, bright OX18+ cells decreased with CyA treatment, but this change recovered gradually after stopping the CyA treatment. Treatment with CyA gave no significant changes in the flow-cytofluorometric analyses for these antibodies on lymph node cells. Natural killer cell activity and the ability to cause local graft-versus-host reaction were not inhibited with CyA treatment. These results suggest that CyA inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of thymocytes, or that CyA makes thymocytes migrate rapidly from cortex to periphery.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Pseudocoarctation of the aorta associated with aortic arch aneurysm--a case report].

A twenty-nine-year old female was diagnosed as the associated aortic arch aneurysm 14 years after the initial diagnosis of the pseudocoarctation of the aorta. The aneurysm was asymptomatic and aortogram revealed that it was located just proximal to the pseudocoarctation. The aneurysmal wall was so thin that intraluminal blood stream could be visible easily during operation. Aneurysmectomy and Dacron graft implantation was successfully performed with temporary bypass procedure. In most of the cases, pseudocoarctation of the aorta has been reported to be a congenital entity without indication for any surgical intervention. However some cases in the literature were combined with formation of the aneurysm during the long term follow-up period. Careful observation must be needed for a case of pseudocoarctation of the aorta and the associated aneurysm should be treated surgically even if asymptomatic.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Early change of adenosine triphosphate levels in L5178Y cells during hyperthermia.

The time course of the change of cellular ATP level was studied in L5178Y cells exposed continuously to various temperatures and compared with that of cell death determined by means of a dye-exclusion test. The ATP level first increased at all temperatures tested and then decreased at temperatures higher than 42 degrees. The onset of this decrease always preceded the beginning of cell death. The results support the idea that the cellular lethality of heat treatment is well correlated with cellular ATP content in L5178Y cells.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

In vitro synthesis and assembly of photosystem II proteins of spinach chloroplasts.

The synthesis and assembly of photosystem II (PS II) proteins of spinach chloroplasts were investigated in three different in vitro systems, i.e., protein synthesis in isolated chloroplasts (in organello translation), read-out translation of thylakoid-bound ribosomes, and transport of translation products from spinach leaf polyadenylated RNA into isolated chloroplasts. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of labeled thylakoid polypeptides in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed that the first two systems were capable of synthesizing the reaction center proteins of PS II (47 and 43 kDa), the herbicide-binding protein, and cytochrome b559. The reaction center proteins synthesized in organello were shown to bind chlorophyll and to assemble properly into the PS II core complex. One of the reaction center proteins translated by the thylakoid-bound ribosomes (47 kDa) was also found to be integrated in situ into the complex but was lacking bound chlorophyll. Incorporation of radioactivity into the three extrinsic proteins of the oxygen-evolution system (33, 24, and 18 kDa) was detected only when intact chloroplasts were incubated with the translation products from polyadenylated RNA, showing that these proteins are coded for by nuclear DNA. The occurrence of a precursor polypeptide 6 kDa larger than the 33-kDa protein was immunochemically detected in the translation products.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1986

HO-323, a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line useful for making human-human hybridomas.

A 6-thioguanine-resistant human B-lymphoblastoid cell line, HO-323, was isolated for making human-human hybridomas with high efficiency. Fusions with peripheral blood lymphocytes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and lymphocytes isolated from lymph nodes of lung and breast cancer patients yield constantly more than one hybridoma clones per 10(5) HO-323 cells plated. HO323 cells also fused with lymphocytes from normal peripheral blood to give hybridomas in the same efficiency. The HO-323 cells were diploid with 46 chromosomes and non-secretors of immunoglobulins. This parent cells doubled every 15 hr and could proliferate in serum-containing medium, even if they were plated at low cell density of less than 10(3) cells/ml. The cells could grow in serum-free medium as well as in serum-containing medium, and the resultant human-human hybridomas could also grow in the same media.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1986

Cytoplasmic inclusions and virus-like particles in blast cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Cytoplasmic inclusions and virus-like particles are described in blast cells of peripheral blood from a 16-year-old female with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Three kinds of inclusions were identified on electron microscopy. The first type of inclusion was single membrane-bounded vacuoles, some of which contained virus-like particles, the second was lysosome-like structures, and the third appeared to be of mitochondrial origin. Virus-like particles were round in shape and had a diameter of 26 to 58 nm. They consisted of an electron-dense outer membrane and an electron-lucent core. At the present time the exact nature and significance of these virus-like particles still remain unclear.

Acute Disease↗