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Biomedical subjects

K Shindo

Publications and source records attributed to K Shindo.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Pyrrolostatin, a novel lipid peroxidation inhibitor from Streptomyces chrestomyceticus. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, structure elucidation and biological properties.

Pyrrolostatin, a new lipid peroxidation inhibitor, was isolated from the culture of Streptomyces chrestomyceticus EC40. The structure was determined to be 4-geranylpyrrole-2-carboxylic acid on the basis of its spectroscopic and physico-chemical properties. Pyrrolostatin inhibited lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Chemical transformation of gilvocarcin V. Modification of the side-chain.

Gilvocarcin V was chemically transformed to alter its biological activities as well as its solubility by mainly focusing on the vinyl side chain. The oxirane and oxime derivatives showed slightly decreased in vivo antitumor activity, while the aminoethylmorpholine derivative turned out to be soluble in some organic solvents.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1993

Plasma levels of leukotriene B4 in asthmatic patients.

We measured changes in plasma levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) during the clinical course of bronchial asthma. Samples of 2 ml of blood were drawn from the femoral artery of 5 patients on two occasions: a) during remission and b) during an attack. LTB4 levels were determined by a combination of high-performance chromatography with radioimmunoassay. In the 5 asthmatic patients, the LTB4 levels (mean +/- S.D.) on the two occasions were respectively 34.2 +/- 8.6 and 118.0 +/- 49.5 pg/ml. In contrast, the mean LTB4 level of 5 control subjects was 23.5 +/- 3.77 pg/ml. LTB4 levels differed significantly between remission and an attack. The corresponding mean PaCO2 values on the two occasions were respectively 37.7 +/- 1.8 and 47.3 +/- 2.2 mmHg. LTB4 showed good correlation with PaCO2. We therefore suggest that leukotriene B4 levels in arterial blood are associated with the severity of asthmatic attacks.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Anesthetic management of an infant with Menkes disease].

Menkes disease is a rare, sex-linked recessive disorder characterized by kinky hair, convulsion, mental retardation, bone and connective tissue lesions, and hypothermia. These symptoms have been attributed to suppression of copper-dependent enzymes resulting from copper deficiency. We report a case of a 7-month-old infant with Menkes disease who underwent repair of inguinal hernia. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane-N2O-O2, and the operation was carried out uneventfully. Although the patient had been medicated with anticonvulsants preoperatively, transient seizure occurred in the recovery room. We also discuss pathophysiology and anesthetic management of a patient with Menkes disease.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

A syndrome of cirrhosis, achlorhydria, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and fat malabsorption.

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this report were to examine whether or not a positive bile acid breath test in cirrhotic patient was associated with bacterial overgrowth in the upper small intestine, to verify that these bacteria have deconjugation ability, and, in addition, to elucidate whether or not changes in the gastric pH are related to bacterial overgrowth. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with liver cirrhosis were tested by breath analysis technique using glycine-1-14C-labeled glycocholate. Jejunal fluids were aspirated through a double-lumen tube with a rubber cover on the tip. Anaerobes and aerobes were isolated and identified. After culturing, we used thin layer chromatography to determine whether each bacteria had the ability to deconjugate bile salts. RESULTS: Expired breath samples from seven of 27 patients with liver cirrhosis showed a marked increase of 14CO2-specific activity. Bacterial overgrowth was found in the jejunal fluid of these patients. Administration of chloramphenicol to the seven patients reduced 14CO2 specific activity significantly. The majority of the species identified deconjugated bile acids. Seventeen healthy control subjects showed no increase in CO2 excretion, and 16 of the 17 had no bacteria isolated from jejunal fluid. The relationship between 14CO2 specific activity of expired breath samples and gastric pH was also tested in the cirrhotic patients. There was a relatively good correlation (n = 27, r = 0.87, p < 0.05) between 14CO2 activity and gastric pH. CONCLUSION: We conclude that some patients with liver cirrhosis have bacterial overgrowth in the proximal small intestine that contains species that can deconjugate bile salts, and that the bacterial overgrowth is probably associated with the shift to alkaline pH in gastric juice.

Achlorhydria↗
PubMed1993

[Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in a patient with tetanus].

Autonomic nervous function was studied in a 57-year-old female patient with tetanus of mild degree, by recording muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) using the microneurographic method, as well as by measuring blood pressure, heart rate and plasma content of norepinephrine (NE). No apparent clinical signs of autonomic dysfunction were observed. Recording of MSNA on the 7th hospital day revealed decreased discharge rates compared with age-matched healthy subjects, indicating suppressed sympathetic nerve function. The decreased MSNA returned to closely normal level after 3 months, when the clinical symptoms and signs were almost completely cleared up. Previous studies have shown facilitated sympathetic nerve function, while some sympathetic nerves remain suppressed, and therefore unstable cardiovascular dysfunction might be elicited in tetanus.

Female↗
PubMed1993

[Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma effectively treated with chronic oral etoposide].

A 52-year-old man, who complained of tarry stool and systemic lymphadenopathy, was admitted to our hospital on July 2, 1992. Biopsy showed diffuse large cell lymphoma. Leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes was not shown in the peripheral blood, but there was an elevated serum LDH level. The man was found to have both HTLV-I antibody and the monoclonal integration of proviral DNA in malignant lymph node cells obtained at biopsy. The diagnosis was lymphoma-type adult T-cell leukemia (ATLL). The chemotherapy regimens of MI-FP, CHOP and modified DHAP were used for the treatment, but were not effective. So, he was treated with etoposide 75 mg orally for 25 days (chronic oral etoposide therapy) and achieved partial remission. This chemotherapy induced myelosuppression with neutropenia, but there was no documented infection. Chronic oral etoposide therapy is an effective regimen for patients with relapse or refractory lymphoma.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of chemosensitivity test for cancer using the collagen gel embedded culture system--DNA ploidy pattern and chemosensitivity].

The authors previously reported the advantages of a collagen gel embedded culture system for chemosensitivity tests for cancer. In this report, the chemosensitivities of surgically resected specimens were evaluated by the collagen gel embedded culture system and compared with the DNA ploidy pattern, measured by flow cytometry. The chemosensitivity and DNA ploidy pattern were determined in 11 patients with lung cancer, 8 with gastric cancer and 46 with colorectal cancer. Anticancer agents were MMC and CDDP at Cmax for one hour of exposure, and 5-FU, VDS, VP-16 and ADM at one tenth the Cmax for 24 hours of exposure. Results were compared with those of DNA histogram. In eight lung cancers which were demonstrated to be sensitive by the collagen gel system, 5 showed DNA aneuploidy (DA) and 3 DNA diploidy (DD). Seven cases (87.5%) of gastric cancer were demonstrated to be sensitive with the collagen gel system. Two of them showed DA and five DD. On the other hand, 19 cases (41.3%) of colorectal cancer were found to be sensitive, and 7 of them showed DA and twelve DD. Lung cancer and gastric cancer exhibiting aneuploidy demonstrated sensitivity with the collagen gel system, but the rate of sensitivity was only 28% in colorectal cancer, and even aneuploidy cases showed a low sensitivity.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

Flumazenil does not antagonize halothane, thiamylal or propofol anaesthesia in rats.

We have studied the effects of flumazenil on sleep time and EEG in rats anaesthetized with 1.5% halothane, propofol 20 mg kg-1, thiamylal 30 mg kg-1, or combinations of diazepam 5 mg kg-1 and anaesthetic agents. We also studied the effects of flumazenil 0.3, 3 and 30 mg kg-1 on behaviour and EEG. Flumazenil 0.3 and 3 mg kg-1 alone had no effect on behaviour or EEG, but flumazenil 30 mg kg-1 had depressive effects similar to those of diazepam on behaviour and EEG. Flumazenil 0.3, 3 and 30 mg kg-1 i.v., antagonized the effects of diazepam 10 mg kg-1 i.v. on behaviour and EEG. Flumazenil had no antagonistic effect on sleep time induced by anaesthetic agents, but flumazenil 30 mg kg-1 potentiated propofol-induced anaesthesia. Flumazenil did not affect anaesthesia-induced EEG changes. Diazepam 5 mg kg-1 potentiated anaesthesia. Flumazenil antagonism of diazepam potentiation varied with anaesthetic agent: flumazenil 0.3 mg kg-1 antagonized diazepam action in halothane anaesthesia, but 30 mg kg-1 was required in propofol anaesthesia; this large dose was insufficient in thiamylal anaesthesia.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

Responses of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, and cytokines during and after upper abdominal surgery.

There is currently accumulating evidence for bidirectional communication between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Various cytokines have been suggested to be involved in the stimulation of stress hormone secretion during the times of infection and inflammation. To assess the possible involvement and pathophysiologic significance of cytokines in the mechanisms responsible for the perioperative stress response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, we observed the changes of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels together with those of plasma endotoxin and cytokine levels. In patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, perioperative stimulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol secretion was accompanied by a significant elevation of plasma cytokine levels. Application of epidural block up to the upper thoracic levels failed to suppress this stress response effectively. In patients undergoing unilateral total hip replacement, the response of plasma hormone levels was smaller and briefer with no significant increase of plasma cytokine levels. Application of epidural block up to the lower thoracic levels suppressed this hormonal response almost completely. In patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, a significant elevation of plasma endotoxin level was followed by a gradual but significant elevation of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels. It seems likely that the stimulatory effects of these cytokines on the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol might be involved in the development of the greater and more prolonged stress response of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Our present study suggests that not only neural input from the surgical wound but also stimulation of cytokine production were responsible for the development of the stress response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during and after upper abdominal surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

Bacillus subtilis inositol dehydrogenase-encoding gene (idh): sequence and expression in Escherichia coli.

The Bacillus subtilis inositol dehydrogenase (Idh)-encoding gene (idh) was cloned in the B. subtilis temperate phage, rho 11, and then in Escherichia coli plasmids (pBR322 and pUC118). The nucleotide sequence of the idh gene, which consists of 344 codons and whose product has an Mr of 38,351, was determined. E. coli, bearing pIOL05d15, in which expression of the idh gene is under the control of the lac promoter of pUC118, overproduced an active Idh to approx. 20% of total protein upon addition of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. This overproduced enzyme cross-reacted with an anti-Idh antibody, and exhibited the same Mr and substrate specificity as those of the B. subtilis enzyme.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Effects of interleukins on plasma arginine vasopressin and oxytocin levels in conscious, freely moving rats.

To elucidate whether interleukins are involved in vasopressin or oxytocin release during cytokine-related stressful conditions, we examined the effects of human interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 on plasma vasopressin and oxytocin levels in rats. Interleukin-1 beta administrated intravenously stimulated both the vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in dose-dependent manners. Neither hormone release was observed following interleukin-6 administration. Pretreatment with aspirin significantly attenuated the effects of interleukin-1 beta on both the vasopressin and oxytocin levels. SC-19220, a prostaglandin E2 receptor antagonist, did not affect the interleukin-1 beta-induced increase of plasma oxytocin levels, but almost completely abolished its effect on plasma vasopressin levels. These results suggest that under certain stressful conditions which accompany the stimulation of cytokine production, interleukin-1 is involved in the increase of plasma vasopressin and oxytocin levels and, moreover, different kinds of prostaglandins are suggested to participate in these interleukin-1-induced hormone release.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Comparison between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and calf vascular resistance with head-up tilting in humans.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSA) to calf muscle and calf vascular resistance with head-up tilting in humans. In nine healthy volunteers, we performed simultaneous measurements of MSA using microneurography and calf vascular resistance using electrical impedance plethysmography in the same leg. The volunteers were laid on a tilt table and the examinations with head-up tilting (0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees) were performed. Corresponding to the increase in angles of head-up tilting, MSA and calf vascular resistance significantly increased. A statistically significant positive linear correlation was demonstrated between MSA and calf vascular resistance. These data suggest that impedance plethysmographic measurement of calf vascular resistance can be reliably used to assess the status of MSA with head-up tilting.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Mycological and clinical study of cryptococcosis in Yokohama City University Hospital during the period from 1965 to 1989].

Among patients examined at the Central Laboratory of Yokohama City University Hospital over the 25 years from 1965 to 1989, those whose clinical samples showed Cryptococcus were studied in greater detail. The following findings were obtained. Of 16 patients who were found to have cryptococcosis, 14 (87.5%) were treated at the department of internal medicine, and one each at the departments of neurosurgery and dermatology. A study of these patients in terms of clinical type revealed 10 patients (62.5%) with meningitis, two with pneumonia and one with sepsis. The remaining three patients had complicated diseases: meningitis with sepsis, pneumonia with cutaneous cryptococcosis, or pleuritis with sepsis. Underlying disease, including liver cirrhosis, leukemia, multiple myeloma, malignant lymphoma and collagen disease, was found in 6 patients (37.5%), who were all from the department of internal medicine. All patients but one were given antimycotic agents. They were treated by a combination therapy except for three patients who received single amphotericin B (AMPH) therapy. The most frequent combination was AMPH + 5-flucytosine (5-FC), which was found in 7 cases. Seven patients (43.4%) died, three males and four females. Analysis of these cases in terms of clinical type revealed meningitis in four, and pneumonia, sepsis, or pleuritis complicated with sepsis in the remaining three patients. Four patients (57.1%) had underlying diseases. In addition, eleven strains isolated from the specimens were examined for serotypes and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using three types of antimycotic agents. Serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans were all A and the MIC was 0.1-0.39 micrograms/ml for AMPH, 0.05-0.2 micrograms/ml for 5-FC and 0.2-0.78 micrograms/ml for miconazole (MCZ).

Adolescent↗