Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the 5' end region of the human argininosuccinate synthetase gene.
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Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
Biomedical subjects
K Shimada
Publications and source records attributed to K Shimada.
Localization of the human prealbumin gene to 18p11.1-q12.3 by gene dose effect study of Southern blot hybridization.
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Cell Line↗
The mandibulo-stylohyoid ligament.
The mandibulo-stylohyoid ligament was studied in both sides of five cadavers, the surgical importance of the structure is confirmed and the anatomical importance as a landmark is emphasized.
Adult↗
Arginine vasotocin (AVT) release in relation to uterine contractility in the hen.
The relationship between plasma levels of arginine vasotocin (AVT) and factors associated with increases in uterine contractility was studied in the domestic hen. Plasma AVT levels increased from 3.3 +/- 0.3 microU/ml 15 min before a midsequence oviposition (OP) to 14.8 +/- 0.6 microU/ml at OP and then decreased to 5.2 +/- 0.6 microU/ml 15 min following OP. A ninefold increase in plasma AVT concentration was observed in hens laying a terminal egg of a sequence, which is not immediately followed by ovulation (OV). AVT levels also increased approximately 1 hr before the time of the first ovulation (C1OV) of the next sequence in association with an increase in uterine contractility. When OP was induced 2 hr before an expected OP by intrauterine administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha, 1.0 microgram), plasma AVT levels immediately increased threefold (P less than 0.001) and then returned to basal levels within 30 min. In PGF2 alpha-treated hens AVT levels rose at the expected time of OP (P less than 0.05) in association with an increase in uterine contractility without OP actually occurring. When C1OV was induced by LH-RH (25 micrograms, iv), a small but significant increase of AVT similar to levels during spontaneous C1OV was observed. These results suggest that plasma AVT levels increase with every ovulation and oviposition in the absence of an egg in the uterus and that AVT is released in association with induced ovulation and oviposition.
Animals↗
Differences in age-independent effects of blood pressure on baroreflex sensitivity between normal and hypertensive subjects.
Inter-relationship between age, systolic blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity index derived from the Valsalva manoeuvre was investigated in either combined or separated groups of normal and hypertensive subjects. Both in the total population as a whole and in each blood pressure subgroup, the baroreflex sensitivity index was significantly inversely related to age and to systolic blood pressure. Furthermore, age was significantly related to systolic blood pressure except in the hypertensive group. Partial correlation analysis showed that, in the total and hypertensive population, the baroreflex sensitivity index was significantly related to age and systolic blood pressure independently of each other variable. In the normal group, however, the baroreflex sensitivity index was not related to systolic blood pressure after adjusting for the effect of age, but remained significantly related to age independently of systolic blood pressure. The estimates of relative effects of the two variables on baroreflex sensitivity by multiple regression analysis were consistent with these results. Thus a prevailing concept of the inhibitory effect of blood pressure on baroreflex function may be accurate exclusively in hypertensive patients, and baroreflex function appears to be more sensitive to age-related changes in this system than to those related to blood pressure level, particularly in non-hypertensive normal subjects.
Adult↗
Structure and expression of the mouse prealbumin gene.
We cloned a genomic DNA fragment which covers the entire sequence of the mouse prealbumin gene and then studied the structure. The coding regions are separated into four exons by three introns, and these numbers, the sizes of the exons and the relative sites of the exon-intron junctions are all in complete agreement with those determined for the human gene. The sequences of four exons can be aligned perfectly with that of the previously determined mouse prealbumin cDNA. In addition to the exon regions, we found two highly conserved DNA regions between the mouse and human prealbumin genes, one in the 5'-flanking region of the gene and the other in the 3' end region of the first intron. These DNA regions contain several consensus glucocorticoid receptor-binding site sequences, and the latter also contains an enhancer sequence present in the immunoglobulin kappa-chain joining-constant kappa intron. RNA hybridizing to the mouse prealbumin cDNA was detected in the extracts from liver, brain, and kidney, but was not detected in testes, spleen, or heart. Little change was caused in the level of prealbumin mRNA in the liver by administration of dexamethasone to mice.
Animals↗
Isolation and characterization of the human ornithine transcarbamylase gene: structure of the 5'-end region.
We isolated over 20 phage clones carrying the ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) [EC 2.1.3.3] gene, from two independently constructed human genomic DNA libraries, using as probes either a rat OTC cDNA or several nuclear DNA fragments derived from some of these isolated clones. These clones, classified into 10 different groups, overlapped and spanned a region of more than 85 kilobase pairs of the human genomic DNA. Restriction mapping and Southern blot analyses demonstrated that one of the clones covers the 5'-end region of the OTC gene. We sequenced the 5'-end region of the OTC gene and found that it covered 665 base pairs of the 5'-flanking region, the complete first exon and a part of the first intron (150 base pairs). In the 5'-flanking region, there were two pairs of putative CAAT and TATA boxes and one enhancer core-like sequence, GTGGAAAG. The first exon contained a coding region for most of the OTC presequence, i.e. 26 out of 32 amino acid residues of the presequence, including the initiation methionine.
Base Sequence↗
Isolation and characterization of the complete complementary and genomic DNA sequences of human serum amyloid P component.
Complementary and genomic DNA clones corresponding to the human serum amyloid P component (SAP) mRNA have been isolated and analyzed. The nucleotide sequences of the cDNA and the corresponding regions of the genomic SAP DNA reported here were identical, and revealed that after coding for a signal peptide of 19 amino acids and the first two amino acids of the mature SAP protein, there is one small intron of 115-base pairs (bp), followed by a nucleotide sequence coding for the remaining 202 amino acid residues. The SAP gene has an ATATAAA sequence 29-bp upstream from the cap site, but there is no CAAT box-like sequence. A possible polyadenylation signal sequence, ATTAAA, was found to be located 28-bp upstream from the polyadenylation site. A comparison of the genomic SAP DNA sequence with that of human C-reactive protein (CRP) revealed a striking overall homology which was not uniform: several highly conserved regions were bounded by non-homologous regions. This comparison provides further support for the hypothesis that SAP and CRP are products of a gene duplication event.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Isolation and characterization of the cDNAs corresponding to mRNAs abundant in undifferentiated mouse embryonal teratocarcinoma stem cells, but not in differentiated mouse parietal endoderm cells.
As retinoic acid (RA) and dibutyryl cAMP (cAMP) treatment induces differentiation of mouse teratocarcinoma F9 cells into parietal endoderm cells in vitro, we initiated studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying early mammalian cell differentiation in this system. We constructed cDNA libraries on the poly(A)+RNAs extracted from the undifferentiated F9 cells, and screened for cDNA sequences expressed abundantly in F9 cells, but not in terminally differentiated mouse parietal endoderm PYS-2 cells. Six different cDNA clones were isolated and characterized. The levels of RNAs hybridizable to these clones were at most 5 to 24% in the PYS-2 cells when compared with those in the undifferentiated F9 cells. The six clones were classified into two groups on the basis of their responses to the RA and cAMP treatment. In F9 cells, the levels of RNAs hybridizable to the first group, which contained four clones, were decreased within 72 h after the addition of RA and cAMP, while those of the second group, which contained the remaining two clones, did not decrease significantly. One of the first group clones, named pF9-1, corresponded to the mouse "early transposon-like elements" and another, named pF9-4, hybridized to multi-size RNAs extracted from the undifferentiated F9 cells. The mouse genomic DNA sequences hybridizable to pF9-4 were repeated approximately 5,000 times, and comprise a new gene family, the expression of which is developmentally regulated in mouse F9 cells.
Animals↗
Analyses of prealbumin mRNAs in individuals with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.
The distribution of prealbumin mRNA in various tissues of a control subject and an individual with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) was investigated using a cloned human prealbumin cDNA as a probe. Prealbumin mRNAs were detected in the total RNAs from liver and choroid plexus of brain, but not in those from brain, heart, kidney, and thyroid gland. The level of prealbumin mRNA in the choroid plexus was about 100-fold higher than that in the liver. We detected no differences in the sizes of prealbumin mRNAs in the liver and choroid plexus of the control subject, or in those of the individual with FAP, and found that the prealbumin mRNAs in these tissues had been transcribed from a common transcription initiation site. The levels of prealbumin mRNAs in the livers of four control subjects and those of six individuals with FAP were much the same. Because all the individuals with FAP so far examined were heterozygous for the prealbumin gene, carrying one normal and one mutant gene, the levels of the normal and mutant prealbumin mRNAs in the liver and the brain tissue containing choroid plexus were separately estimated and were found to be approximately equal.
Amyloidosis↗
A cDNA clone used to study mRNA inducible in human tonsillar lymphocytes by a tumor promoter.
A cDNA clone inducible by either a tumor promoter, 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), or a T-cell mitogen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), was isolated from a cDNA library constructed from the poly(A) + RNAs of TPA- and PHA-stimulated human tonsillar lymphocytes, and was named pLD78. Stimulation of the tonsillar lymphocytes with either TPA or PHA increased the amount of pLD78-specific RNA by about 10-fold, and simultaneous stimulation with TPA and PHA, by at least 30-fold. Analysis of the pLD78 cDNA sequence revealed that it codes for a polypeptide consisting of 92 amino acid residues, including a putative signal sequence. Moreover, the sequence of the 5' flanking region of the nuclear DNA encoding for the pLD78 cDNA showed a significant homology with the corresponding regions of the human interleukin 2 and immune interferon genes.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Prostaglandin concentrations in peripheral plasma and ovarian and uterine plasma and tissue in relation to oviposition in hens.
An increase in the plasma concentrations of prostaglandins (PGs) is associated with uterine contractile activity and with oviposition in the hen. In order to assess the contribution of potential sources of prostaglandins to the increase in prostaglandin levels observed at oviposition, prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha (PGFM, the stable but biologically less active metabolite of PGF2 alpha) were measured in plasma from the brachial vein, ovarian follicular vein and uterine vein, and in tissues from ovarian follicles and the uterus 12 h before and at midsequence oviposition or a terminal oviposition. These two ovipositions differ in that a midsequence oviposition is followed within 0.25-1.0 h by the next ovulation of the sequence, whereas the terminal oviposition is followed by an ovulation 14 h later. The concentration of PGFM in plasma from the brachial vein increased at midsequence oviposition, while the levels of PGE2 were unchanged. Prostaglandin E2, F2 alpha, and FM levels were each similar in the plasma from the brachial and uterine veins at the time of midsequence oviposition. In plasma from the largest preovulatory follicle, the concentration of PGF2 alpha and PGFM increased 19- and 7-fold, respectively, from 12 h before midsequence oviposition to midsequence oviposition, although no changes were observed in the concentrations of PGE2 during this interval. The levels of PGF2 alpha increased in the tissues of the two largest preovulatory follicles and the two most recently ruptured follicles during the 12-h period before a midsequence oviposition, while there was no change or a decrease in PGE2 levels in these tissues during the same interval. In contrast, the concentration of PGF2 alpha did not increase during the 12-h period preceding the terminal oviposition of the sequence in plasma from the brachial, uterine, or follicular veins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
The effect of indomethacin on ovarian prostaglandin release in hens.
Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) synthetase, will block uterine muscle electromyographic activity (EMG activity) and oviposition at a midsequence oviposition and ovulation in domestic hens, but does not block the increase in EMG activity associated with the first ovulation of a sequence. To assess the potential relationship between prostaglandin release from the ovarian follicles and EMG activity in egg-laying hens, we determined the concentrations of PGF2 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM), and PGE2 in brachial, ovarian follicular and uterine venous plasma and tissues in relation to uterine muscle EMG activity at the first ovulation and at a midsequence oviposition. The concentrations were measured after an i.m. injection (25 mg/hen) of indomethacin. In control hens sampled hourly, beginning 4 h before the peak of EMG activity at the first ovulation of a sequence, there was a sharp increase (p less than 0.05) in concentrations of PGF2 alpha and PGFM in brachial vein plasma coincident with the increase (p less than 0.05) in uterine EMG activity. Hens pretreated with indomethacin also had increased plasma PGF2 alpha and PGFM levels (p less than 0.05) in brachial vein plasma and increased uterine EMG activity (p less than 0.05) at this time. Indomethacin treatment lowered but did not eliminate mean levels of PGF2 alpha in the venous effluent from the largest preovulatory follicle at the first ovulation (36.0 +/- 9.9 ng/ml vs. 14.4 +/- 1.8 ng/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Effects of age and blood pressure on the cardiovascular responses to the Valsalva maneuver.
The present study was performed to obtain basic information as to the influences of two fundamental variables, age and blood pressure, on the circulatory responses during the Valsalva maneuver. Although a positive linear relationship between age and resting systolic blood pressure was present in the study population of 90 normal and uncomplicated hypertensive subjects, the pressure overshoot and the change in R-R intervals during phase 4 in the Valsalva maneuver were significantly inversely related to age or resting systolic blood pressure independently of each other variable. Furthermore, age was related negatively to the maximum R-R interval in phase 4 and positively to the decline of blood pressure post-Valsalva release in phase 3 even after adjusting for the effect of blood pressure, but age-independent relationships between these two indexes and resting systolic blood pressure were not statistically significant. The data indicate that changes in circulatory responses to the Valsalva maneuver occur with aging and high blood pressure, suggesting that the sympathetic vasoregulation and the baroreflex control of heart rate in the maneuver are impaired by these two variables. Such alterations appear to be more strongly related to age than to blood pressure level.
Adolescent↗
[Staphylococcal bacteremia. 2. Review of 93 cases with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia of the aged].
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Aged↗
Enrichment for detection of Campylobacter jejuni.
Gifu anaerobe-modified semisolid medium supplemented with vancomycin, polymyxin B, trimethoprim, and amphotericin B can serve as an efficient enrichment for the recovery of Campylobacter jejuni under aerobic conditions. It is superior to the direct plating method in its recovery of very small numbers of C. jejuni. Blood supplementation, agitation, and elevated temperatures are not required for this improved recovery.
Animals↗
Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy diagnosed by cloned human prealbumin cDNA.
A diagnosis of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) can be made by use of restriction endonuclease NsiI, a cloned human prealbumin cDNA and Southern blot procedures. Digests of DNAs from 10 disease-free individuals showed two bands (6.6 kb and 3.2 kb) complementary to a human prealbumin cDNA, whereas digests from 11 individuals with FAP exhibited two additional bands (5.1 kb and 1.5 kb). We interpret these changes in pattern to be the result of a restriction site for NsiI located in the altered codon and associated with the mutant prealbumin gene. All these individuals with FAP were heterozygous for the prealbumin gene, carrying one normal and one mutant gene.
Adult↗
Structure-activity relationship of cardiac steroids having a doubly linked sugar and related compounds for the inhibition of Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase.
Forty-three different cardiac steroids having a doubly linked sugar and related compounds were tested for inhibition of Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase from guinea pig heart, and the structure-activity relationship has been discussed. The doubly linked glycosides showed higher activities than the respective genins. The inhibitory activities of these compounds were also dependent upon the presence of ring C substituents. The bufadienolide rhamnosides exhibited greater than three times the inhibitory activity of the parent genin, while the glucosyl residue exerted no significant activity.
Animals↗