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Biomedical subjects

K Shibata

Publications and source records attributed to K Shibata.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

A case of hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by anti-M: serological study of maternal blood.

These case is described of a woman with repeated stillbirths. Her serum contained high-titered anti-M antibodies. Treatment of the serum with 2-mercaptoethanol resulted in do reduction in anti-M titer. The serum fraction consisting mainly of IgG exhibited a markedly high anti-M titer compared with the IgM fraction. Anti-M antibodies eluted from OM red cells could be removed by precipitation with specific anti-IgG. Thus, the repeated stillbirths are ascribed to IgG and anti-M antibodies were formed during incompatible pregnancy and crossed the placenta.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Behavioral and electroencephalographic effects of alprazolam and its metabolites (author's transl)].

The behavioral and electroencephalographic effects of alprazolam and its metabolites were investigated in mice, rats and rabbits, and compared with the data on diazepam, lorazepam and nitrazepam. Locomotor activity of mice in an open-field situation was increased with smaller doses of alprazolam and nitrazepam but not with diazepam and lorazepam. Alprazolam increased the hyperactivity induced by methamphetamine in mice. The anticonflict effects of alprazolam in rats were more potent than those of diazepam and lorazepam. In suppressing hyperemotionality and muricide of olfactory bulbectomized rats, alprazolam was more potent than diazepam and fairly equal to that of lorazepam. Muricide of raphe-lesioned rats was markedly inhibited by alprazolam. Mescaline-induced head-twitches in mice were more markedly increased with alprazolam than with nitrazepam and diazepam. Alprazolam, diazepam and lorazepam prevented both maximal electroshock and pentetrazol convulsions in mice. Alprazolam was more potent than diazepam and lorazepam in potentiating thiopental, ether and ethanol anesthesia in mice. In the impaired rotarod performance, alprazolam was more potent than diazepam and lorazepam in mice, but was much less potent than diazepam and lorazepam in mice, but was much less potent than lorazepam in rats. In conscious rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes, alprazolam induced a drowsy EEG pattern and depressed the EEG arousal response not only to auditory stimulation but also to mesencephalic reticular stimulation. The EEG effect of alprazolam was approx. twice that of diazepam. The pharmacological activity of alpha-hydroxyalprazolam was approx. one third that of alprazolam. However, 5-chloro-2-(3-hydromethyl-5-methyl-4H-1, 2,4-triazolo-4-yl) benzophenone showed no pharmacological activity. These results indicate that alprazolam possesses pharmacologic properties characteristic to benzodiazepines and that the activity is more potent than diazepam. In addition, alprazolam seems to have a specific effect on the central serotonergic mechanisms.

Aggression↗
PubMed1981

[Effects of 16,16-dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1 methyl ester (ONO-802) on uterine motility (author's transl)].

In rats on day 20 of pregnancy, ONO-802 exerted a uterine contractile effect when 0.2 microgram/kg was given i.v. and also with an intrauterine administration of 0.5 ng, s.c. administration of 1 microgram/kg and vaginal administration of 10 microgram/kg. The contractile activity of ONO-802 was 100-1000 times more potent than that of PGE2 alpha and was long-acting. Intravenous PGE1 or PGE2 induced a transient contraction followed by inhibition of spontaneous uterine motility in nonpregnant rats and in those with an early pregnancy. In nonpregnant hamsters, a relaxation was seen. ONO-802, similar to PGF2 alpha, showed a contractile effect regardless of states of nonpregnancy and pregnancy, both rats and hamsters. IN rats, a contractile threshold dose of ONO-802 was similar from day 15 to day 21 of pregnancy. Oxytocin produced an acute decrease in this threshold dose on phentolamine or methysergide, but was inhibited by papaverine, dibutyryl cAMP, salbutamol and verapamil. These results suggest that uterine contraction induced by ONO-802 differs from the contractions induced by PGE1, PGE2, and oxytocin, that ONO-802 does not induce endogenous PGs, and that the effect of ONO-802 is not mediated by the autonomic nervous system.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1981

[Effects of 16,16-Dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1 methyl ester (ONO-802) on uterine, placental and ovarian circulation (author's transl)].

Doses of the drugs which produce uterine contraction were given intravenously to various species of animals. Placental and ovarian circulations were measured by the thermocouple method and/or microangiography. Uterine arterial blood flow (UABF) was measured by the electromagnetic flowmeter. Both placental blood flow (PBF) and UABF decreased with the administration of ONO-802, PGE1 or PGF2 alpha to to rabbits and dogs. Oxytocin and noradrenaline also decreased PBF in rabbits. ONO-802 or PGE1 lowered arterial blood pressure (BP) in rats, rabbits and dogs. PGE2 alpha elevated BP in rats and dogs and lowered it in rabbits. Oxytocin produced no changes in PB while noradrenaline elevated BP in rabbits. Ovarian blood flow in pregnant rabbits was reduced by ONO-802, PGE1 or PGF2 alpha. Little influence was seen with oxytocin. Regarding the luteal microvasculature in pregnant rats, ONO-802, PGF2 alpha and noradrenaline exhibited vasoconstricting effects. PGF2 alpha induced abortion and decreased plasma progesterone levels. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of ONO-802 on the uterine and placental circulation are strongly influenced by the uterine contractile effect and that the inhibitory effect on the ovarian circulation in rats is one of pharmacological effects not concerned with the abortifacient or luteolytic effect.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1980

Energy charge, phosphorylation potential and proton motive force in chloroplasts.

Adenylate concentrations were measured in intact chloroplasts under a variety of conditions. Energy charge was significant in the dark and increased in the light, but remained far below values expected from observed phosphorylation potentials in broken chloroplasts, which were 80 000 M-1 or more in the light. With nitrite as electron acceptor, phosphorylation potentials in intact chloroplasts were about 80 M-1 in the dark and only 300 M-1 in the light. Similar phosphorylation potentials were observed, when oxaloacetate, phosphoglycerate or bicarbonate were used as substrates. delta G'ATP was -42 kJ/mol in darkened intact chloroplasts, -46 kJ/mol in illuminated intact chloroplasts and -60 kJ/mol in illuminated broken chloroplasts. Uncoupling by NH4Cl, which stimulated electron transport to nitrite or oxaloacetate and decreased the proton gradient, failed to decrease the phosphorylation potential of intact chloroplasts. Also, it did not increase the quantum requirement of CO2 reduction. It is concluded that the proton motive force as conventionally measured and phosphorylation potentials are far from equilibrium in intact chloroplasts. The insensitivity of CO2 reduction and of the phosphorylation potential to a decrease in the proton motive force suggests that intact chloroplasts are over-energized even under low intensity illumination. However, such a conclusion is at variance with available data on the magnitude of the proton motive force.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1980

Isolation and properties of crystalline quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase from hog kidney.

Crystalline quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (nicotinatenucleotide: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (carboxylating), EC 2.4.2.19) was isolated from hog kidney and compared with the same enzyme prepared from hog liver. The enzyme preparation was homogeneous as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation analysis. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 220 000 and the subunit 35 000. The physicochemical properties of the enzyme were: sedimentation coefficient (S200,W), 7.75 . 10(-13) s; difussion coefficient (D200,W), 5.04 . 10(-7) cm2/s; Stokes radius, 62.05 A, frictional ratio (f/f0), 1.62 and isoelectric point (pI), 4.5. The enzyme was stable at 37 degrees C for 30 min between pH 4.5 and 9.5. Enzyme activity was inhibited by various carboxylic acids; however, this inhibition was reversed by raising the Mg2+ concentration. Optimum pH was 5.5, and no detectable amounts of Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+ were found by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The enzyme was found to contain sugar. Mg2+ was completely replaceable by Mn2+. The reaction mechanism of this enzyme was suggested to be of the 'ping-pong' type. Km values of quinolinic acid and 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate were 4 . 10(-5) and 1.4 . 10(-4) M, respectively.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Short rib-polydactyly syndrome type I, Saldino-Noonan.

A case of the Saldino-Noonan type of short rib-polydactyly syndrome is reported. Although multiple internal malformations have been described in this syndrome, no significant visceral abnormalities were detected in this except for the hypoplastic lungs. A similar case was reported by Spranger et al. in 1974.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1980

Intra- and postoperative autotransfusion in open heart surgery under simple hypothermia in children.

A new autotransfusion unit was developed by the authors and the favorable results of 21 operations of open heart surgery under simple hypothermia were described. The patients were all children with simple congenital heart diseases. The amounts of autotransfused blood ranged from 2.8 to 15.5 ml/kg. Intraoperative autotransfusion proved to be an effective means of minimizing blood loss during surgery (range 3.2 to 12.8 ml/kg) and performing open heart surgery without donor blood transfusion. Postoperative autotransfusion (range 0 to 14.3 ml/kg) served as a supplementary means of avoiding homologous blood transfusion. Among the 21 autotransfused patients, there were no complications, while two patients developed hepatitis out of 19 patients who received homologous blood in the control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Enhancement of cooling and rewarming by a jet water system in surface-induced deep hypothermia.

To shorten the time of cooling and rewarming in surface-induced deep hypothermia, we devised a jet water system for hypothermia which was constructed within the water bath of the operating-table. In the clinical applications for open heart surgery under surface-induced deep hypothermia, we found that the time required for cooling and rewarming, particularly the later, was significantly reduced without any adverse effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Laryngeal angiomyoma (vascular leiomyoma): clinicopathological findings.

Two cases of laryngeal angiomyoma which developed in 51 and 52-year-old men are reported. One was a tumor found in the supraglottic area of the larynx and the other was in the subglottic space. Each was a spherical tumor with a smooth surface. The chief complaints of these patients were sudden dyspnea, hoarseness, and laryngeal pain. The tumors were removed through direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia; but in both cases, considerable bleeding occurred during and after surgery. Histological examination showed that the tumor was covered by squamous epithelium and a fibrous capsule. The parenchyma of the tumor was composed of proliferated fibers of smooth muscle, and dilated blood vessels in abundance. The tumor is of benign nature and recurrence is rare. For therapy, therefore, complete extirpation of the tumor is adequate, but the likelihood of profuse bleeding must be considered.

Hemangiosarcoma↗
PubMed1980

Action of a novel nonsteroidal antiandrogen, AA560.

The antiandrogenic properties of a new nonsteroidal antiandrogens, AA560 (N-2-chloromethyl-2-hydroxypropionyl)-3, 4, 5-trichloroaniline) were investigated. The ventral prostate, dorselateral prostate and coagulating gland weights in rats given AA560 at 1-9 mg/head were significantly less than those in the intact rats. The seminal vesicle weights in rats given 3-9 mg/head were significantly less than those of the intact group. In intact animals given daily 3 or 9 mg of AA560 there were significantly increases of serum FSH, LH and testosterone concentrations. In the in vivo experiment, the pretreatment with AA560 decreased the uptake of 3H-androgens in the nuclear fraction of the ventral prostate. On the other hand, a significant increase in the uptake of 3H-radioactivity in the cytosol fraction was observed. It was proved by the in vitro displacement study that AA560 inhibited the binding of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone with a receptor protein in the prostatic cytosol.

Androgen Antagonists↗