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Biomedical subjects

K Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to K Sharma.

227 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Age at menarche in northwest Indian females and a review of Indian data.

Data on menarcheal age were collected by a status quo method on a sample of 709 girls drawn from an urban Punjabi population of Chandigarh. Probit analysis provided a median age at menarche of 13.2 +/- 0.04 years with a standard deviation of 1.09. Menarche occurred in all cases between 10 and 16 years. Comparison with other Indian populations shows that populations at higher altitude and in peninsular India have a later maturation than the present sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of a lactose-free cereal-based formula and cow's milk in infants and children with acute gastroenteritis.

Sixty children less than 2 years of age suffering from mild acute gastroenteritis with less than 5% dehydration were randomly assigned to two different isocaloric feeding regimens, viz., a locally prepared milk-free formulation (group A) of rice, lentil, sugar, and coconut oil and a spray dried commercial cow's milk formula (group B). There were two treatment failures in group A and one in group B. The postintervention duration of diarrhea (days) in group A (11.0 +/- 10.0) was higher than in group B (7.6 +/- 10.8), but these differences were not significant (p greater than 0.05). The energy intake (kcal/kg/24 h) on postintervention day 4 was 78.7 +/- 31.7 in group A and 101.3 +/- 41.1 in group B (p greater than 0.05). The corresponding values for day 7 were 74.2 +/- 29.1 and 110.0 +/- 41.1, respectively (p less than 0.05). The mean weight gain (g/kg/24 h) between admission and the day of recovery in group A (2.0 +/- 4.2) was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than in group B (5.8 +/- 7.8). Similar trends in weight gain were observed at days 4 and 7. These findings suggest that a cow's milk-based formula is well tolerated by majority of the infants with mild acute gastroenteritis after initial rehydration with ORS. The infants who were fed the milk-free cereal-based diet showed significantly less energy intake and gained weight less rapidly than those who were fed the cow's milk-based formula.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The renal TGF-beta system in the db/db mouse model of diabetic nephropathy.

The prosclerotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) has been causally implicated in renal pathobiology in diabetes. We sought evidence that the TGF-beta system participates in the nephropathic process in the db/db mouse, a hyperinsulinemic model of genetic diabetes that develops abnormalities in renal morphology and function that parallel those in human diabetic nephropathy. In support of this hypothesis, we found that steady state levels of mRNA encoding the TGF-beta type II receptor were significantly increased in renal cortex from db/db diabetic mice. Additionally, the translated TGF-beta type II receptor protein, assessed by immunoblot, also was increased in diabetic kidneys. However, in contrast to rodents with insulin-deficient diabetes, steady state levels of mRNA encoding TGF-beta1 in the renal cortex of diabetic db/db mice did not differ from those in cortex from nondiabetic (db/m) littermate controls. Further, concentrations of TGF-beta protein, measured by immunoassay and bioassay, were significantly lower in extracts prepared from renal cortex of diabetic animals compared with those from nondiabetic controls. Urine and serum concentrations of immunoreactive TGF-beta1 also were reduced in diabetic mice. The findings are consistent with upregulation of TGF-beta type II receptor activity as a consequence of hyperglycemia in the hyperinsulinemic db/db mouse and suggest that hyperinsulinemia inhibits TGF-beta1 production. The results further suggest that type II receptor upregulation is a contributing factor to the increased gene expression of renal cortical mRNAs encoding the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and alpha 1 (IV) collagen and to the renal abnormalities observed in this animal model.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scan-negative neurocysticercosis.

An 11-year-old child was diagnosed as having benign intracranial hypertension on basis of clinical examination and normal CT scan. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated multiple lesions in both cerebral hemispheres, some of which showed nodular scolex characteristic of cysticerci.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term expression of a fluorescent reporter gene via direct injection of plasmid vector into mouse skeletal muscle: comparison of human creatine kinase and CMV promoter expression levels in vivo.

Expression of a fluorescent reporter gene has been studied using two alternate promoters to transcribe the green fluorescent protein (gfp) from Aequorea victoria. The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer/ promoter or the human muscle-specific creatine kinase promoter (CKM) were inserted along with the gfp cDNA into a plasmid expression vector based on a modified adeno-associated virus genome. Naked plasmid DNA was injected into the hamstring muscle of mdx mice and gfp gene expression determined from frozen muscle sections taken at 4, 14, and 42 days postinjection. Fluorescence patterns obtained by photomicroscopy and quantitative fluorescence measurements indicated a near-linear increase in the accumulation of the gfp in skeletal muscle during the length of the study, with gfp expression at 42 days being roughly four times the values obtained at 4 days. The levels of expression of gfp from the CKM construct were consistantly higher than for the CMV construct. The CKM promoter/expression vector combination demonstrates significant potential for simple, direct delivery and long-term, high-level expression of genes in skeletal muscle.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intradural extramedullary spinal metastasis from an ovarian carcinoma.

Intradural extramedullary metastases from tumours are a rare occurrence, accounting for less than 2 percent of all spinal metastases. We report a patient who presented with progressive paraparesis one and a half years after being operated for an poorly differentiated serous cystadenocarcinoma. Tumour mass decompression was carried out and the intradural tumour metastasis was removed. Histopathology revealed an identical appearance to the original ovarian tumour. This is the first reported case of an intradural extramedullary metastasis from a poorly differentiated serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary.

Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Localized congestive venous encephalopathy associated with cavernous dural arteriovenous malformation.

An unusual case of venous congestive encephalopathy associated with cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous malformation is reported. The parenchymal changes consisted of a well-demarcated area of hyperintensity on T2-weighted MR images involving the cortex and underlying white matter in the ipsilateral temporal and posterior frontal region. It showed mass effect and persisted for 2 years before evolving into a venous infarction.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-insulin antibodies and retinopathy in juvenile onset type-1 diabetes.

Juvenile diabetics have severe loss of beta cell function and require replacement therapy with insulin. Insulin antigenicity can produce anti-insulin antibodies resulting in allergic reactions and insulin resistance. The role of insulin-anti-insulin antibody complexes in the development and progress of chronic diabetic complications like microangiopathy is not very clear. In the present study, there was statistically a significant trend of higher insulin antibody binding levels in IDDM patients who developed retinopathy. Though there was a trend of higher insulin antibody in IDDM patients with retinopathy, there was no association between insulin antibody and HLA antigen which some authors have reported.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic marker in juvenile diabetic retinopathy.

Thirty five patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were investigated for development of retinal microangiopathy by fluorescein angiography. HLA typing (A,B.C antigens) was done as a genetic marker. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of HLA antigens between patients without retinopathy (Gr.I) and with retinopathy (Gr.II) Frequency of various HLA antigens did not differ significantly in the mild and severe retinopathy groups or in comparison with controls. HLA B8 was significantly over represented in the patients of IDDM as a single group (GrI + II) when compared with controls (26% vs 8%). HLA profile was not a predictor of either the development or the severity of retinopathy in IDDM.

Adolescent↗