Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Sedlarik.
The thermography of the cardiac surface offers the possibility for the intraoperative control of cardiosurgical measures. Changes of the coronary blood flow and ischemically induced alterations of the metabolism becomes obvious immediately. The measured values give the heart surgeon topical information and are helpful to carry out protective and therapeutic measurements.
The stenosis of the main bronchus is a serious disease. In many cases a surgical correction is necessary. However, compared to other surgical procedure the surgical reconstruction of the bronchus is relatively seldom done. Therefore it is not easy to answer some questions in this topic. A reproducible animals model might help to clarify some of this problems. In our experimental model the anodical current is used to produce the stenosis by putting an electrode in the bronchus after narcosis of a mini-pig. A surgical procedure is not necessary. In this way a maximum approach of the experimental model to a clinical situation is obtained.
The postoperative thrombo-embolism belongs to the most dangerous complications in the postoperative phase. The frequency of the postoperative phlebothrombosis increased in the last years because more risk patients were operated. External pneumatic massage of the extremity produces acceleration of the blood flow in the veins and a increase of the fibrinolytic activity of the venous vascular wall. A significant retrogression of the thrombus size was proved in animal experiments in dogs by application of external pneumatic massage after artefactitiously induced thrombosis in the femoral vein.
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Venous thrombosis is a serious disease. In the case of chronic obstructive lung diseases several causes of venous thrombosis coincide being polycythemia, thrombocythemia the patient's limitation of exercise and the low flow rate of the venous blood. The therapeutic administration of corticoids leads to polycythemia and thrombocythemia. The high risk of venous thrombosis must be always regarded in corticosteroid therapy of chronic obstructive lung disease. Preventive measures should be provided.
Thromboembolism may be considered as the most serious complication in the postoperative period. Due to improvements in anaesthesia and postoperative supervision even those patients who are in a bad state of health may be operated upon. The frequency of postoperative phlebothrombosis, however, has increased in recent years. External pneumatic massage of the extremities will speed up the blood flow in the veins and increase the fibrinolytic activity in the vein wall. In animal experiments we could observe a significant decrease of the thrombus size in artificially produced thrombosis in the vena femoralis of dogs, if after thrombus induction the external pneumatic massage was applied.
In dogs with artificial stenosis of the femoral artery application of 96 000 IU Awelysin/kg initially and subsequent infusion of 1200 IU/kg/min caused an increase of the blood flow below the stenosis. The improvement in blood flow is attributed to the decrease in fibrinogen and to the increase in fibrinogen degradation products.
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Thrombosis by deposition of platelets was induced in the femoral artery of minipigs by continuous current from an intravascular electrode. Six weeks later, ensuing from organization of this thrombosis a massive proliferation of the intima was found, consisting almost exclusively of cells of smooth muscle. Although no additional atherogenic diet was given single myogenic foam cells were found.
In light and electron microscopic investigations on electrically induced thrombosis in the femoral artery of the minipig thrombi by deposition of platelets were found. Thrombosis was induced by means of an intravascular electrode with constant current intensity of 1 mA and different induction periods. Injury of the vascular wall was found in every case of thrombosis, ranging from minimal lesion of endothelium to almost total necrosis of the vascular wall. Aside from direct impact by the current on the vascular wall and the blood, mechanical, rheological and hypoxemic causes can not be excluded.
Coronary thrombosis is a life-threatening disease that, as a rule, leads to myocardial infarction. The onset and the course of this disease are followed in animal experiments with the aid of electrocardiograms and some haemodynamic parameters. There was a biphasic course, i.e., the authors observed first a rise and then a striking drop in peripheral arterial pressure and a rise in central venous pressure. The electrocardiograms and blood-pressure controls evidenced that the induction of coronary thrombosis is more difficult in the minipig than in the dog.
In 54 dogs thrombosis was induced in the femoral artery by means of continuous current. Macroscopic and microscopic and studies on the tensile strength of the vascular wall were carried out in order to clarify the thrombogenic effect of continuous current. Further the behavior of the blood flow during the formation of the thrombus was examined.
In several wounds primary closure by means of suturing should not be done. An open skin defect mostly heals by wound contraction. The effect of air temperature, infection, and disconnection of edge and bottom of the wound was studied in experiments on rabbitts. The authors found that low temperature slowed down the wound contraction and lengthened the healing period. The disconnection of wound edge and bottom inhibited the contraction, as did an infection. The importance of these findings for clinical practice is discussed.
In experimentally induced arterial thrombosis of minipigs caused by intravascular application of direct current iron deposits deriving from the steel wire electrode are found. Intimal proliferation can be observed 6 weeks after induction of thrombosis. Iron deposits are phagocytized by modified smooth muscle cells participating in intimal proliferation. These findings indicate that smooth muscle cells under certain conditions can realize functions of macrophages.
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The protracted arterial renal haemorrhage is a life-threatening complication. Up to now its therapy is controversial, since in consequence of a severe shock it is not possible to perform a radical operation. For stopping this haemorrhage it is recommended the induction of an electrothrombosis in the renal artery. Experiences in the animal experiment are reported and discussed.
The thrombolytic effect of "ocrase", a protease isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus, was investigated in animal experiments. To prevent general hyperproteolysis a protease dose was used which was was neutralized by the inhibitors in the blood of the animals. Experimentally produced deposition and clotting thrombi in peripheral venous or arterial vessels of mice, rats, dwarf pigs and dogs were lysed by regional and systemic administration, and the therapeutic result was estimated by vital microscopy, rheography or angiography. Coronary thrombosis induced in dwarf pigs was treated semilocally with ocrase, and the therapeutic result was followed by ECG and angiography.
Arterial thrombosis was experimentally induced in dwarf pigs by use of direct current, via an arterial electrode. The technique used for the experimental induction of thrombosis in pig is compared with that used in the dog. The effect of this experiment, which was performed under constant conditions, on some enzymes and some blood coagulation parameters is discussed.