Biomedical subjects
K Schulze
Publications and source records attributed to K Schulze.
Instrumentation for the continuous measurement of gas exchange and ventilation of infants during assisted ventilation.
A system of instrumentation for continuous measurement of oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and minute ventilation (V1) in human newborns on assisted ventilation is described. VO2 and VCO2 are measured by open-circuit indirect calorimetry utilizing a Servomex OA 184 differential paramagnetic oxygen analyzer and a Beckman LB 2 infrared CO2 analyzer. Minute volume is measured with a body plethysmograph. Bench performance is described, limitations of the system are defined, and sample clinical data are presented. The instrumentation can measure safely, accurately, and continuously physiologic variables in sick infants on assisted ventilation.
[Interpretation problems in the evaluation of results of serial studies on blood pressure statistics and statistics on their treatment--Haldensleben district].
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[Sonographic determination of a tumor associated renal vein thromboses].
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[Scintigraphic and angiographic control of high-dose local streptokinase treatment of central pulmonary emboli (author's transl)].
We describe thirteen patients who were treated by high doses of local streptokinase given for acute central pulmonary emboli. In order to reduce the risks of this treatment, we have developed a diagnostic-therapeutic scheme which has been applied to these patients uniformly. The scheme includes diagnosis made by scintigraphy and pulmonary angiography, thrombolysis by the application of high doses locally and continuous scintigraphic and angiographic control until the thrombus has disappeared totally, or at least to a large extent. The considerations for high-dose local treatment are discussed. Apart from one episode of bleeding which could be controlled, there were no local complications from the indwelling catheter. The oldest patient in the group, who suffered from obesity and severe generalised arterio-sclerosis, died on the second day of treatment from an intracranial haemorrhage. A second patient with subtotal embolisation died six hours after the beginning of treatment from therapy-resistant shock. The other patients were cured as far as their macroscopic emboli were concerned. Relapsing microembolism occurred in one patient after three months; the other patients remained free from relapsing pulmonary emboli.
[Angiography in liver echinococcosis].
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Uses and abuses of cimetidine.
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[Display of a primary neuroblastoma in the bone scintigram].
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Continuous measurement of minute ventilation and gaseous metabolism of newborn infants.
A system of instrumentation for continuous measurement of gaseous metabolism and minute volume (VI) in the human newborn is described. O2 uptake and CO2 production are measured by open-circuit techniques utilizing a Servomex OA184 differential paramagnetic O2 analyzer and a BEckman LB-2 infrared CO2 analyzer. VI is measured with bias-flow pneumotachometry. Bench performance is described, methodological errors are defined, and clinical data are presented. The instrumentation is capable of safe, accurate, and continuous measurement of respiratory and metabolic variables in low-birth-weight infants.
Spontaneous variability in minute ventilation oxygen consumption and heart rate of low birth weight infants.
Continuous measurements of minute ventilation (VI), oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), activity, and temperature were made in eleven low birth weight infants during the interval between feedings. Significant increases in VI, VO2, and HR were noted between quiet and active sleep. (VI Active - VI Quiet/VI Quiet) X 100 = 18.4% VO2 Active - VO2 Quiet/VO2 Quiet) X 100 = 10.1% and HR Active - HR Quiet/HR Quiet) X 100 = 6.4%. Significant differences were also noted within epochs of the same state of sleep: mean slope VI versus time in epoch (t) = -156 ml/kg . min/hr, VO2 versus t. = 1.49 ml/kg . min/hr and HR versus t = -15.0 beats/min/hr. Differences between successive epochs of the same state of sleep were also observed: VI, +5.9 to 46.6%; VO2, 4.7 to 24.6%; HR, 1.0 to 9.7%. These differences were related to the length of time after feeding. These data indicate that steady state conditions do not occur in growing low birth weight infants and that the design of studies of respiration and metabolism in these infants should include continuous assessment of the state of sleep or activity and time after feeding to ensure that experimental and control periods are truly comparable.
Toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic studies of beryllium.
The question of dose-effect relations of berylliosis was examined by measuring the Be-concentration in blood and urine, as well as the immunological behaviour of T-lymphocytes for a group of occupationally exposed men (smaller than 8 ng Be/m3, 4-6 h daily) and a non-exposed control group. Normal values 1.0 +/- 0.4 ng Be/g(n=10) in blood and 0.9 +/- 0.5 ng Be/g(n=10) in urine were found by an optimized flameless atomic absorption spectrometry method. The corresponding values for the exposed group (n=8) showed a mean increase of a factor of 4. The preferential enrichment of Be in the prealbumin and in the nu-globulin fractions was determined by a preparative isotachophoretic column with physiological pH conditions, especially developed for this application. The Be-specific stimulation of the T-lymphocytes of the exposed group was increased significantly. In blood and urine samples of exposed (2-40 mg Be/m3 as Be(NO3)2) Wistar-rats and guinea pigs Be values up to 36 ng Be/g in serum and up to 300 ng Be/g in urine were determined. After Be exposure, guinea pig serum showed a significant increase in the nu-globulins after the isotachophoretical separation of the serum proteins, which could not be correlated with increased Be-levels in this fraction. 70% of the total Be(10-100 ng/g serum) were detected in the prealbumin, only about 1% in the nu-globulin fraction. The same results were found in serum samples with in vitro addition of Be. The lymphocyte transformation rates for the exposed animals were increased. Skin tests were found to be positive in 70% for exposed rats and in 50-70% for guinea pigs.
[Indications for the computer tomographic investigation of the suprarenal gland (author's transl)].
The introduction of the third and fourth generation of CT scanners (scan times of 1 to 20 seconds) has brought about a change in the choice of methods for investigating suspected suprarenal disease. The excellent spacial resolution of CT scans permits accurate evaluation of minor changes in the gland. As a result, it is often possible to avoid invasive diagnostic procedures. The typical pathological findings, which can be seen on computer tomograms, are demonstrated and discussed, beginning with the most important abnormalities of the suprarenals. The value of contrast enhancement in various conditions was investigated. Computer tomography is now the most important means of diagnosing suspected suprarenal gland disease, both with regard to specificity and accuracy. Ultrasound is useful as a survey method, whereas angiography is being displaced as a result.
[Benign chondroblastoma--malignant radiological appearances (author's transl)].
The very rare benign chondroblastoma occasionally invades soft tissues and may grow beyond the epiphysis into the metaphysis. In the present case such a tumour did not show the typical radiological appearances, but presented malignant features both on plain films and on the angiogram. The importance of biopsy of tumours which cannot be identified with certainty must be stressed before radical surgery is carried out.
[Computer tomographic and sonographic diagnosis of echinococcus (author's transl)].
In 33 patients (18 cystic echinococci, 15 alveolar) both methods produced the following findings which could be correlated with the pathological results: single or multi-centric lesions, sharp or indefinite demarkation and abnormalities in the shape and size of the liver. The sonographic findings were analysed with respect to the echo characteristics, whereas the computer tomographically demonstrated lesions were examined densitometrically in order to show calcification. Both methods demonstrate the pathological changes satisfactorily. Computer tomography is more effective in alveolar echinococcus lesions by showing the different types of calcification, whereas sonography provides a more accurate picture of the internal structure of the cysts in cystic echinococcus. Comparison of the methods in 19 patients examined by both showed a high accuracy in each method, but sonography was relatively poor in demonstrating lesions in the spleen.
[Horseshoe kidney--is the diagnosis possible by ultrasound? (author's transl)].
Within one year among six-thousand patients eight with horseshoe kidney were examined by sonography. In four patients the primary diagnosis was made by ultrasonic demonstration. In two patients a lymphoma and an aortic aneurysm were supposed; the correct diagnosis was established by angiography and computer tomography. In the other two patients with already known diagnosis a typical ultrasonic picture was found. The diagnostic difficulties in ultrasonic demonstration of horseshoe kidney are discussed.
[Angiographic examinations of the circulatory development of living chick embryos (author's transl)].
In chick embryos of an age of incubation of 5-14 days, the physiological development of the circulation and the morphological differentiation of the arterial system were studied by intravital and postmortal angiography. For the examinations of the living embryos, a special radiographic and injection technique had to be developed. The contrast medium was injected into the umbilical veins and transported by the actions of the embryonic heart. Continuous ECG recordings showed no marked interference of the injections with the cardiac activity. According to the angiographic findings, the circulation is relatively fast within the main arteries, but the capillary perfusion is prolonged and lasts up to several minutes. The average circulatory velocity of the blood stream within the carotid artery increases parallel to the arterial enlargement, whereas the circulatory time decreases and the number of heart beats during the period of carotid opacification does not change to a great extent. By this, a steady transport of gas and nutritional material may be achieved in the growing arterial system.
Pulmonary involvement by Echinococcus alveolaris.
Twenty cases of pulmonary involvement by E. alveolaris were analyzed and classified into one of two radiological types-Type l: multiple, small, ill-defined, irregular lesions that are peripherally located and develop slowly; and Type II: variable changes of the right lung base. Type 1 has a hematogenous metastatic origin, while Type II is caused by hepatic processes penetrating the hemidiaphragm. Differential diagnosis, which includes neoplasms and infections, specifically E. cysticus, is difficult. Diagnosis appears to be possible only when based on a combination of Type 1 changes, laboratory findings, and geographic occurrence.
[Diagnosis of extracranial metastases by means of computerized tomography].
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