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Biomedical subjects

K Schmitz

Publications and source records attributed to K Schmitz.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Developing case situations for ethics education in nursing.

Developing cases for the clinical teaching of ethics can be extremely time-consuming. Often, the cases that are developed either represent unrealistic situations or mere technical puzzles rather than genuine ethical problems. This article describes how faculty at the University of Minnesota modified a simple, quick and inexpensive think tank technique, the Crawford Slip Method, for use with nursing educators to generate an extensive list of ethical issues within each clinical specialty. Selecting from these lists, faculty in each specialty developed one realistic nursing case situation to illustrate selected ethical issues. Faculty were asked to use the Alverno College criteria for designing a moral dilemma when writing their cases. Suggestions for adapting the cases for multiple uses are presented.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed1989

Course of infection and humoral response to Leishmania major in inbred Meriones unguiculatus.

Numerous species of Meriones have been incriminated as natural reservoir hosts of Leishmania major in Mongolia, Soviet Asia, Afghanistan, the Middle East, and North Africa. However, little is known about the immunological response or course of infection in these small rodents. In this study, 40 commercially obtained inbred Meriones unguiculatus were divided into equal groups and injected in the right hind footpad with various doses of L. major promastigotes or with medium only. At regular intervals, blood was collected from the animals for subsequent evaluation of the kinetics of anti-L. major serum antibody production. Footpad lesions were measured periodically for 13 wk, beginning just before infection. The humoral response to infection and the course and severity of disease were dose related. However, metastasis lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and secondary cutaneous sites occurred at each of the doses tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of alcohol-dependent patients in Rostock].

In the first part of the paper is reported on differential-therapeutic experiences in the hospital treatment of 307 alcoholics with disulfiram R, Lithium R and Apomorphine R as monotherapy as well as in combined application. Our investigations show that neither lithium R nor apomorphine R have ascertained advantages to the monotherapy with Disulfiram R. An improvement of the still unsatisfactory number of success is to be achieved in the first place by an optimization of the after-care by means of a close sociotherapeutic and if necessary psychotherapeutic care, possibly in special outpatient departments. In the second part of the paper is reported on first experiences.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1980

Long Distance Transport in Macrocystis integrifolia: III. MOVEMENT OF THO.

Movement of THO and tritium-labeled photoassimilate was studied in intact fronds and frond cuttings of Macrocystis integrifolia following labeling of a mature blade by tritiated water. Both THO and tritium-labeled assimilate moved from the source blade to sink areas at velocities comparable to those recorded earlier for (14)C- and (32)P-labeled compounds. In intact fronds and frond cuttings, THO and tritium-labeled assimilate showed a declining gradient with increasing distance from the source. In the exudate collected from the basal cut end of the frond, there was a marked increase in radioactivity with time in the photoassimilate, but no such gradient was evident for THO. These results support the idea that, although both tritium-labeled assimilate and THO move in the sieve elements, THO is rapidly exchanged with water in the tissues surrounding the sieve elements. Finally, it is shown that THO is transported to the sink and there "unloaded"; indeed, it can move out of the plant itself. The data on velocity and directionality of transport as well as unloading of THO at the sink are discussed, along with computations on specific mass transfer, and favor the idea that Münch's pressure-flow hypothesis is applicable in Macrocystis for long distance translocation of photoassimilates.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

Long Distance Transport in Macrocystis integrifolia: II. Tracer Experiments with C and P.

Discs from mature regions of Macrocystis blades picked up significantly more [(32)P]phosphate from the ambient medium than similar discs from young meristematic regions, and this uptake was higher in light than in darkness. Double-labeling experiments with NaH(14)CO(3) and [(32)P]phosphate, using intact fronds as well as cut frond segments, indicated that (32)P was translocated from mature blades to sink regions at velocities of 25 to 45 centimeters per hour, velocities comparable to (14)C translocation velocity in the same material. There was a slight delay in transport of (32)P which may be due to a delay in loading or to a high metabolism of (32)P in the transporting channels. Histoautoradiography of stipe segments in the translocation pathway indicated that transport of label occurred in the peripheral parts of medulla. An analysis of (32)P-labeled compounds in the fed blade and in the sieve tube sap, collected from basal cut ends of stipes, indicated major differences in labeling patterns. In the blade, a high proportion of (32)P was recovered as inorganic phosphate and relatively small amounts were found in hexose mono- and diphosphates, UDPG and ATP. In the sieve tube sap, however, only a small amount of (32)P was present as inorganic phosphate, a large proportion was found in hexose mono- and diphosphates, and appreciable amounts were present in ATP and UDPG.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

Long Distance Transport in Macrocystis integrifolia: I. Translocation of C-labeled Assimilates.

Long distance transport of (14)C-labeled photoassimilate was studied in Macrocystis integrifolia Bory. Movement of label followed the source-sink relationship; mature blades closer to the holdfast with young 2 degrees and 3 degrees fronds transported mostly to the base, those closer to the frond apex transported mostly to the apex, and those in intermediate positions transported both acropetally and basipetally. The velocity of movement of (14)C as computed both from study of intact fronds and exudate was in the range of 35 to 72 centimeters per hour and these estimates are on the low side. The composition of the translocate as determined from intact fronds was the same as that determined from exudate analysis; furthermore, this composition was nearly identical with that of the photosynthate (40 to 50% mannitol and 40 to 50% amino acids). From these data we conclude that the exudate represents the sieve tube sap and that there is little if any selectivity exercised in the loading and translocation of photoassimilate. An analysis of translocated label in the growing apex is presented and indicates that the synthesis of polymeric compounds such as laminaran, alginate, cellulose, lipids, and "protein" occurs in situ from the transported mannitol and amino acids. Detailed data on chemical composition of sieve tube sap from M. integrifolia and M. pyrifera (L.) C.A. Agardh are given and compared with the sieve tube sap from higher plants. Finally, we show that stipe segments, 60 to 100 centimeters long with three to six attached blades, are useful for translocation studies in Macrocystis.

Journal Article↗