Anisotropic Kondo effect in a valence-fluctuating system: CeNiIn.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
K Satoh
Publications and source records attributed to K Satoh.
[Ultrasonographic diagnosis of mild fatty infiltration of the liver with the difference between liver and kidney echolevels].
At the same dynamic range (DR) a constant difference of echolevels was found between two materials with different acoustic impedance in any gain-setting by the phantom study. Our retrospective study in which we compared the difference between liver-kidney echolevels with the US-findings of fatty liver indicated that the difference over 10 in echoleveled by our equipment with 3.5 MHz phased array sector scan and 42 dB DR had a possibility of the fatty infiltration of the live. In our prospective study of 1452 abdominal US-studies we found 93 cases (6.5%) with the difference over 10 in echolevel. In all these patients the difference of liver-spleen CT-numbers and liver-kidney echolevels was compared. Although the liver CT-number is normally higher than the spleen, 75 of 93 patients showed the lower liver CT-number than that of the spleen, indicating fatty infiltration of the liver. The abnormal difference of echolevels were independent from the severity of fatty infiltration. Concerning the US-findings, "bright liver" (77.4%) and "masking sign" (66.7%) were more sensitive than "vascular blurring" (44.1%) and "deep attenuation" (44.1%). But for the severe fatty infiltration with the difference over -20 H.U. between liver-spleen CT numbers, the last two findings seemed very credible. The abnormal difference between liver-kidney echolevels was most sensitive (80.7%), especially in mild cases with 0 to -19 H.U. (53 in 75 cases), and very objective than the other US-findings.
Fatty Liver↗
A monoclonal antibody against horse kidney (Na+ + K+)-ATPase inhibits sodium pump and E2K to E1 conversion of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase from outside of the cell membrane.
Monoclonal antibodies against horse kidney outer medulla (Na+ + K+)-ATPase were prepared. One of these antibodies (M45-80), was identified as an IgM, recognized the alpha subunit of the enzyme. M45-80 had the following effects on horse kidney (Na+ + K+)-ATPase: (1) it inhibited the enzyme activity by 50% in 140 mM Na+ and by 80% in 8.3 mM Na+; (2) it increased the Na+ concentration necessary for half-maximal activation (K0.5 for Na+) from 12.0 to 57.6 mM, but did not affect K0.5 for K+; (3) it slightly increased the K+-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase (K-pNPPase) activity; (4) it inhibited phosphorylation of the enzyme with ATP by 30%, but did not affect the step of dephosphorylation; and (5) it enhanced the ouabain binding rate. These data are compatible with a stabilizing effect on the E2 form of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. M45-80 was concluded to bind to the extracellular surface of the plasmamembrane, based on the following evidence: (1) M45-80 inhibited by 50% the ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake in human intact erythrocytes from outside of the cells; (2) the inhibition of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity in right-side-out vesicles of human erythrocytes was greater than that in inside-out vesicles; and (3) the fluorescence intensity due to FITC-labeled rabbit anti-mouse IgM that reacted with M45-80 bound to the right-side-out vesicles was much greater than that in the case of the inside-out vesicles.
4-Nitrophenylphosphatase↗
Effect of some purine metabolites contained in oyster on platelet aggregation.
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Adenosine Diphosphate↗
In vivo and in vitro synergistic antitumor effect of interleukin-2-cultured tumor-bearer spleen cells and immune fresh spleen cells.
The synergistic antitumor effect of interleukin-2(IL-2)-cultured tumor-bearer spleen cells (cultured lymphocytes) and immune fresh spleen cells was examined. Tumor-bearer cultured lymphocytes were obtained by culturing BALB/c spleen cells from syngeneic MOPC104E-tumor-bearing mice for 11 days with crude IL-2 and a soluble tumor extract. These cultured lymphocytes had weak antitumor activity when transferred i.p. into tumor-bearing mice that had been inoculated i.p. with 10(5) tumor cells 5 days previously. Immune fresh spleen cells, obtained from mice in complete remission after the treatment with cyclophosphamide, also had weak antitumor activity when transferred at the same schedule. The cultured cells and the fresh cells, mixed together before transfer, significantly augmented the therapeutic effect. At least 1 x 10(7) tumor-bearer cultured lymphocytes and 4 x 10(7) immune cells were needed for the synergistic effect. A tumor-specific combination was needed for both cultured and fresh cells. The effective subpopulation of tumor-bearer cultured lymphocytes was a cytotoxic one from an Lyt2+ precursor, and that of the immune fresh spleen cells was noncytotoxic, Lyt1+ and Lyt2+ T-cells. A similar synergistic effect was also observed during in vitro coculture of tumor-bearer and immune cells. Cytotoxicity, as assessed by the 51Cr-release test, of tumor-bearer IL-2-cultured lymphocytes was maintained most effectively after 3 or 4 days of culture without IL-2 when the lymphocytes were cocultured with immune fresh spleen cells and tumor cells.
Animals↗
Cardiohemodynamic effects of cromakalim and pinacidil, potassium-channel openers, in the dog, special reference to venous return.
The cardiohemodynamic effects of the potassium-channel openers, cromakalim and pinacidil, were studied by the use of the closed-loop method (for both drugs) and the cardiopulmonary bypass technique (for cromakalim only) in anesthetized, open-chest dogs. In closed-loop preparations, both drugs (cromakalim, 3 to 100 micrograms/kg; pinacidil, 10 to 300 micrograms/kg) administered intravenously decreased systemic blood pressure and increased venous return (sum of the flow through the inferior and the superior vena cava) and cardiac output (CO). With the highest doses of both drugs, venous return and CO decreased in some preparations in which right atrial pressure rose, and the maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (LV dP/dt max) diminished. Except such preparations, right atrial pressure, heart rate, and atrioventricular conduction time remained virtually unchanged. The fall in systemic blood pressure produced by intermediate doses of pinacidil was greater in the preparations in which baroceptor reflexes were eliminated (denervated preparations) than in those with the reflexes left intact (nerve-intact preparations). The increases in venous return and CO, however, were not different when comparing the nerve-intact and the denervated preparations. In cardiopulmonary-bypass preparations, higher doses of cromakalim increased venous return while producing a fall in systemic blood pressure, suggesting that the decreased venous return and CO seen with higher doses of the potassium-channel openers in the closed-loop preparations were secondary to the decreased cardiac contractility. The potassium-channel openers should be characterized as vasodilators, which preferentially reduce afterload and increase venous return.
Animals↗
Coronary vasodilator and cardiac effects of NKY-722, a novel hydrophilic 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, in the blood-perfused dog heart.
The coronary vasodilator and cardiac effects of NKY-722, a novel hydrophilic 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, were evaluated in isolated, blood-perfused sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, and papillary muscle preparations of dogs. NKY-722 was administered intraarterially. NKY-722 increased coronary blood flow in all preparations. In SA node preparations, NKY-722 reduced sinus rate and produced atrial standstill in large doses. The dose that produced a 15% (nearly half-maximum) decrease in sinus rate was about six times the dose that doubled coronary blood flow. In AV node preparations, NKY-722 prolonged AV conduction time and produced second- or third-degree AV block in large doses only when administered into the artery supplying the AV node. The dose that produced a 15% (nearly half-maximum) increase in AV conduction time was about 3.5 times the dose that doubled coronary blood flow. In paced papillary muscle preparations, NKY-722 reduced the force of contraction. However, the dose that produced a 50% decrease in the force of contraction of the paced papillary muscle was about 100 times the dose that doubled coronary blood flow. In spontaneously beating papillary muscle preparations, NKY-722 failed to change the beating rate. The vasodilator effect of NKY-722 was of longer duration than the negative chronotropic, dromotropic, and inotropic effects. These results indicate that NKY-722 is highly vasoselective, and the cardiovascular profile of NKY-722 is essentially identical to that of currently available, lipophilic 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists.
Animals↗
Carcinoid tumor of the bile duct: case report.
Carcinoid tumor of the bile duct is extremely rare. Ten cases have been reported in the literature. This report describes the eleventh case. A 55-year-old woman was hospitalized with biliary stenosis. Sonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a tumor in the upper common hepatic duct (CHD). Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography showed extraluminal growth of the tumor. The tumor was resected and histologic examination showed carcinoid tumor of the common hepatic duct.
Bile Duct Neoplasms↗
Comparison of enzyme phenotypes in human bladder tumours and experimentally induced hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the rat urinary bladder. A combined histochemical and immunohistochemical approach.
The expression of a number of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, membrane function etc. was compared in hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the rat bladder and in human bladder tumours. Transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) in both rat and Man were characterized by decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), beta-glucuronidase (beta-G1), succinate dehydrogenase (SD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities. In addition, binding for antibodies specific for different cytochrome P-450 species (UT50, PB3a, MC1, MC2) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEHb) was elevated in both murine and human tumours. Comparison of the enzyme phenotype in hyperplastic lesions induced by freeze ulceration or uracil administration with that in preneoplastic papillary or nodular hyperplasia (PNH) and TCC suggested, however, that most of the alteration in enzyme content or activity was non-specific and related to requirements for epithelial cell proliferation. On the other hand, the decreased ALP, and increased GGT and beta-G1 activity appeared more directly related to neoplastic transformation. The results suggested that qualitative differences exist between reactive hyperplasia and preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions in the urinary bladder. The finding of increased cytochrome P-450, in clear contrast to the reduction characteristic of preneoplastic hepatic lesions, may be important with regard to the observed difference in neoplastic transformation between the bladder and liver in response to drug metabolising enzyme inducers.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
A kinetic study on secretion and elimination of endogenous thyrotropin in the thyrotropin-releasing hormone test.
Serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations in normal young men were measured by a high-sensitivity immunoradiometric assay before and after intravenous administration of 500 micrograms of TSH-releasing hormone (TRH). A kinetic model was applied to evaluate the secretion rate both before (V0) and after (V0 + V* at maximum rate) the administration of TRH, the elimination constant (K), the latent time (L) between TRH administration and start of the stimulated secretion, and the total amount of TSH (T) released in response to TRH. V0, V* and T varied widely from individual to individual, but correlated well with TSH before TRH administration (r = 0.93, 0.80 and 0.87, respectively). A few minutes (1.89 +/- 1.30 min) after the administration of TRH, the secretion of TSH (0.025 +/- 0.016 microU/min ml) was stimulated, and the total release over about 1 h was 12.5 +/- 5.6 microU/ml. Serum TSH was maximum at 31.5 +/- 5.7 min. The half-time of disappearance of TSH was 42 +/- 9 min. These data confirm that the stimulated secretion continues for more than 30 min, and that the pituitary releases 43.2 +/- 22.9 mU of TSH (assuming the distribution volume of TSH is 5.8% of body weight) in response to TRH, an amount which correlates closely (r = 0.91) with TSH before TRH administration.
Adult↗
Clinical values for an index predicting postoperative residual liver function by pre-operative liver-scintigraphy in patients with liver disease.
Hepatic resection is essential in treating hepatocellular carcinoma. However, before an operation, it is difficult to predict the functional reserve in the remnant following massive resection. We devised an original method by which effective liver volume was measured by liver scintigraphy. In order to predict the residual liver function before hepatic resection in a preoperative radiocolloid study, we obtained a predictive index by combining the K values with effective liver volumes which seemed to have the estimated residual liver function. Twenty-one patients with liver or biliary tract disease were selected at random for the present study. We divided them into 3 groups in accordance with prognosis after hepatic resection. There were statistically significant difference between the deceased group who died from hepatic failure and the group who died from causes other than hepatic failure; and between the deceased group who died from hepatic failure and the living group in the preictive index (p less than 0.01). Our data suggest that if the predictive index is above 0.45, the probability of hepatic failure after hepatic resection is low. We concluded that our predictive index is useful to use in preoperative prediction of post-hepatectomic residual liver function.
Aged↗
Increased activity of the platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in plasma low density lipoprotein from patients with essential hypertension.
We have measured activity of platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase, an enzyme that specifically inactivates PAF, in plasma from patients with essential hypertension and healthy controls. The average activities in 34 patients and 22 controls were 113 +/- 60 and 79 +/- 32 nmol/ml/min, respectively, and the difference was significant (p less than 0.05). Approximately three fourths of the total plasma activity was recovered in LDL, with the remainder in HDL; and there was a significant difference in the activity associated with the LDL between patients and controls. The relative distribution of the activity among lipoproteins was almost equal in the two groups, and there was no difference in plasma lipids or apoproteins between them. In patients there was a tendency for plasma PAF acetylhydrolase activity to increase with the length of the history of hypertension. Further studies are needed to distinguish between a number of reasons for increased levels of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase in essential hypertension.
1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase↗
The distribution of substance P in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal formation: an immunohistochemical study in the monkey and rat.
The distribution of substance P-containing fibers in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampal formation of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata) was studied by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody raised against substance P. The results were compared with the distribution in homologous regions of the rat brain. Substance P-containing fibers and cell bodies were observed in all regions of the cerebral cortex. In deep layers of the neocortex (IV-VI), substance P-immunoreactive fibers formed arrays that ran perpendicular to the surface. These immunoreactive fibers tended to branch as they approached the cortical surface in layers II and III, at which point they were oriented in many directions. The molecular layer (I) of the monkey neocortex contained many granular, substance P-immunoreactive structures, resembling terminal boutons. In contrast to the monkey, rat cortical areas contained substantially fewer substance P-containing fibers. The immunoreactive profiles, mostly fine dot-like structures, were seen uniformly in layers II and IV of the rat neocortex, although in the medial prefrontal cortex many thick, varicose fibers were also observed. Substance P-containing fibers were seen throughout the hippocampal formation of the monkey, including the subiculum and the parahippocampal regions. The regional distribution of immunoreactive fibers was most dense in the molecular layers of dentate gyrus, in the stratum moleculare of the CA1 region, and in the stratum pyramidalis of the CA2 region. In the rat, the hippocampus and dentate gyrus contained fewer immunoreactive fibers. Moderate densities were observed in the rat subiculum and entorhinal cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Transient induction of single GST-P positive hepatocytes by DEN.
The single cells positive for placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P), detectable in livers of rats soon after treatment with hepatocarcinogens, are possible 'initiated cells', the hypothesis tested in the present series of experiments. No low dose threshold was observed in male Sprague-Dawley rats at different single doses of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) although a plateau was reached between 160 and 200 mg/kg body weight. At the latter single dose approximately 12,400 positive cells/cm3 were observed immunohistochemically in rat livers after one week, the numbers then decreasing to week 8 and thereafter rising again. In the early stages single cells predominated but with time a gradual increase in mini-foci and larger lesions became evident. Application of selection pressure (feeding of diet containing 0.02% 2-AAF plus partial hepatectomy) to rats 2-24 weeks after single DEN-treatment resulted in the formation of large foci positive for GST-P, especially in the early stages, the growth response being less pronounced with time. The number of foci, on the other hand, was correlated with the number of single cells/mini-foci detected in hepatectomy tissue of the same individuals. These results suggest that the early GST-P positive populations could be the precursor for preneoplastic foci and nodules.
Animals↗
Lower leg reconstruction using a sural fasciocutaneous flap.
The fasciocutaneous flap in the lower leg has been widely used since Pontén's 1981 report. The cutaneous artery running along the sural nerve--known as the superficial sural artery--has an important role in the blood supply of the fasciocutaneous flap in the lower leg as stated by Haertsch. The superficial sural artery has great variation with regard to its location and the origin of the vessel. The cutaneous artery is intimately connected to the sural nerve or the lateral sural nerve. It may run along the sural nerve or along the lateral sural nerve. We examined this vessel in 10 cadaver dissections and applied it in 17 clinical cases of pedicled, island, and free flaps. The island sural fasciocutaneous flap is particularly versatile for the reconstruction of the soft tissue defect around the knee joint. The operative procedure involving the island fasciocutaneous flap and the characteristics of this sural fasciocutaneous flap are described.
Adolescent↗
Fetal blood values by percutaneous umbilical blood sampling.
Cordocentesis was performed, and fetal blood was sampled in 81 of 93 attempted procedures. In 45 fetuses, who proved to be normal later by normal pregnancy outcome, hematological analyses and blood chemistries were performed. The results showed an increase in total white blood cell count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet count, while the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin decreased during gestation. Total protein and albumin concentrations increased during pregnancy. These results provide information for the diagnosis of fetal hematological disorders, and assist in making decisions for possible fetal therapy in utero.
Female↗
Effect of cerebellectomy on reflex micturition in the decerebrate dog as determined by urodynamic evaluation.
The effect of cerebellectomy on reflex micturition in the decerebrate dog was investigated by cystometric and striated urethral sphincter EMG studies. Before and after cerebellectomy, reflex micturition consisting of bladder contraction and spasmodic contraction of the striated urethral sphincter occurred when a critical degree of filling was reached. Cerebellectomy showed no influence on the striated urethral sphincter EMG activity. However, cerebellectomy produced a significant decrease in threshold volume and threshold pressure during the collecting phase, and also in the contraction pressure and voided volume of the emptying phase. The present study suggests that the cerebellum plays an inhibitory role in the collecting phase and a facilitatory role in the emptying phase during the entire reflex micturition cycle of the decerebrate dog. Further study will have to be done concerning the neurotransmission mechanism that causes these different effects in the collecting and emptying phases.
Animals↗
Factors affecting the bioadhesive property of tablets consisting of hydroxypropyl cellulose and carboxyvinyl polymer.
The bioadhesive property of tablets consisting of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and carboxyvinyl polymer (CP) was investigated using the mouse peritoneal membrane. The adhesion force was significantly affected by the mixing ratio of HPC and CP in the tablet, and the weakest adhesion force was observed at the ratio of 3:2 (HPC:CP). Interpolymer complex formation was confirmed between HPC and CP in the acidic medium by turbidity and viscosity measurements. The interaction between CP carboxyl groups and HPC molecules was considered to be a possible mechanism for this complex formation on the basis of a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. These observations suggested that the adhesion force of the HPC--CP tablet to the mucous membrane was significantly affected by the interpolymer complex formation between HPC and CP.
Acrylic Resins↗