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Biomedical subjects

K Ross

Publications and source records attributed to K Ross.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Should chronic transfusions be matched for antigens other than ABO and Rho(D)?

It has been recommended that red blood cell transfusions to patients with hemoglobinopathy or aplastic anemia be matched for antigens other than ABO and Rho(D). We studied 1,010 patients with disorders that often lead to repetitive transfusion. The frequency of transfused patients with clinically important antibodies was not significantly different among the disease groups except for those with lymphocytic leukemia. The frequency of multiple red cell antibodies was about 3% overall. Most antibodies (71%) developed early in the transfusion course, before the 15th transfusion. From the standpoints of frequency of alloimmunization, multiplicity of antibodies, and time course of antibody development, patients with hemoglobinopathy and aplastic anemia were not significantly different from other transfused patients. Matching for antigens other than ABO or Rho(D) might increase costs in our hospital by 40,000-370,000 dollars per year for these patients. Because morbidity or mortality due to these antibodies is rare, antigen matching for other than ABO and Rho(D) is not cost-effective.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Valve surgery in patients over the age of sixty-five.

Two hundred one patients over the age of 65 underwent valvular heart surgery with a hospital mortality of 5.5% and a late mortality of 18.4%. One hundred forty-one patients underwent isolated valve replacement (90 AVR, 51 MVR) with a hospital mortality of 1.5% (AVR 1%, MVR 2%). Multiple procedures carried a significantly higher hospital mortality (16%). Analysis of hospital and late deaths does not suggest that age alone should be accepted as a decisive factor in selection for surgery. There is a significantly higher late mortality in those who have had MVR (30%) compared with those having had AVR (14.6%). The importance of associated coronary artery disease as a risk factor has not been defined, but there is some evidence to suggest it is more important in this respect when found in association with mitral valve rather than aortic valve disease. An improved quality of life postoperatively was evident in the majority of survivors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Immune response to chronic red blood cell transfusion.

Patients receiving chronic transfusion for aplastic anemia or hemoglobinopathy are believed to be at high risk for developing red blood cell alloantibodies, while those undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia are believed to be at low risk. To test this hypothesis, we studied the acquisition of new alloantibodies in 703 transfused patients. While none of 99 patients with lymphocytic leukemia made new antibodies, patients with myelogenous leukemia (16%), hemoglobinopathy (29%), aplastic anemia (11%), gastrointestinal bleeding (11%) or renal failure (14%) made antibodies at statistically similar rates. Lymphocytic leukemia or its treatment is characterized by a lack of immunologic response to transfusion. Patients with hemoglobinopathy or aplastic anemia do not appear at statistically significant greater risk of alloimmunization than many other patients requiring chronic transfusion. Neither intensive chemotherapy for myelogenous leukemia nor the uremia of renal failure significantly suppress the formation of blood group antibodies.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1976

Studies of aqueous humor dynamics in man. V. Effects of acetazolamide and isoproterenol in young and old normal volunteers.

Young and old volunteers received acetazolamide systemically or isoproterenol topically. Although the responses of the two groups of volunteers were quite similar for acetazolamide, they differed significantly for isoproterenol. It is suggested that a normal aging change is altered responsiveness of the site of aqueous production and of the outflow pathways to topical isoproterenol. The site of aqueous production becomes less responsive; the outflow pathways become more responsive.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1975

Studies of aqueous humor dynamics in man. IV. Effects of pilocarpine upon measurements in young normal volunteers.

The acute effects of topical pilocarpine 4 per cent, administered to one eye, have been studied in replicate experiments in young volunteers. One hour after medication administration the intraocular pressure was significantly lower. The magnitude of the reduction exceeded that predicated from the significant increase of true facility of outflow. This is explained by the observation of a significant reduction of calculated aqueous humor flow. Pilocarpine caused a significant increase of pseudofacility, a clinically useful drug effect not previously reported. One hour after medication administration, measured episcleral venous pressure was not different from the pretreatment level.

Administration, Topical↗