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Biomedical subjects

K Reed

Publications and source records attributed to K Reed.

107 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Quality control in the simultaneous assay of anticonvulsants using an automated gas chromatographic system with a nitrogen detector.

An automated gas-liquid chromatographic technique for the routine determination of phenobarbitone, primidone and phenytoin using a nitrogen-detector is described. The high selectivity of the detector for nitrogen-containing compounds allows a direct extraction procedure and the use of a phenytoin analogue as an internal standard obviates the need for accurate aliquot measurement after extraction. The anticonvulsants are chromatographed as methyl derivatives produced by on-column methylation with trimethylphenyl ammonium hydroxide following automatic liquid injection. Quality control data from an internal quality control scheme is presented and the performance of the laboratory in an inter-laboratory control scheme is reported and discussed.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1977

Masked "myxedema madness".

Hypothyroidism can present a wide range of psychiatric manifestations, including personality disturbance, neurotic traits and psychotic features. Psychiatric treatment techniques without recognition and correction of the endocrine root of the mental disturbance will result in a failure of treatment. However, severe hypothyroidism can exist with a poverty of classical signs and symptoms such that both internist and psychiatrist may easily overlook endocrine dysfunction as a possible etiology of the mental disorder. A case of long-standing paranoid illness whose etiology was severe myxedema with such a poverty of signs and symptoms is presented. Failure to recognize the endocrinopathy may not only produce recovery difficulties but also psychiatric and endocrine repercussions if psychotropic medications are given in such masked cases. These problems are considered with particular reference to lithium, and screening criteria to avoid this problem are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of histones and nonhistone chromosomal proteins on the transcription of histone genes from HeLaS3 cell DNA.

To elucidate the manner in which histones and nonhistone chromosomal proteins interact to render histone genes transcribable in HeLa S3 cells, we have examined transcription of histone mRNA sequences from DNA, as well as from several DNA-chromosomal protein complexes. Histone mRNA sequences were assayed by hybridization to a 3H-labeled single-stranded DNA complementary to histone mRNAs. Our results indicate that DNA is an effective template for transcription of histone mRNA sequences and that histones by themselves inhibit transcription from DNA, including transcription of histone genes, in a dose-dependent, nonspecific manner. When complexed with DNA alone, nonhistone chromosomal proteins do not affect the transcription of histone mRNA sequences. However, when associated with DNA in the presence of histones, nonhistone chromosomal proteins are capable of selectively rendering histone genes transcribable. These results suggest a possible role for nonhistone chromosomal proteins in mediating the interactions of histones with DNA to render histone genes transcribable.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1969

Charing Cross. 1.

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Hospitals↗
PubMed1969

Charing Cross. 2.

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Hospitals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cortisol pharmacodynamic response to long-term methylprednisolone in renal transplant recipients.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the pharmacodynamic patterns of cortisol and pharmacokinetic values of long-term methylprednisolone in renal transplant recipients. DESIGN: Twenty-four-hour pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of patients who participated in a glucocorticoid-monitoring program. SETTING: University-based renal transplant clinic. PATIENTS: Fourteen renal transplant recipients studied during a clinically stable period. INTERVENTIONS: The daily oral methylprednisolone dose for each patient was administered intravenously, and serial plasma cortisol and methylprednisolone samples were obtained over 24 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Methylprednisolone was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The baseline morning cortisol serum concentrations ranged from 9.8-210.7 ng/ml. After the drug was administered, cortisol declined in a linear fashion with a mean suppression half-life of 2.4 +/- 0.9 hours. The cortisol nadir was reached at 12-16 hours in 11 of 14 patients. The return cortisol area under the curve (AUC-Cret) was noted in all patients and ranged from 57-987 ng.hr/ml. The total cortisol area under the curve was greater in patients who had been transplanted for longer than 2 years (1676 +/- 252 vs 836 +/- 405 ng.hr/ml; p < 0.05) compared with more recently transplanted patients. Methylprednisolone clearance ranged from 100-1181 ml/hr/kg with a mean volume of distribution of 1.3 +/- 0.6 L/kg. The methylprednisolone half-life ranged from 1.2-4.7 hours. The correlation between AUC-Cret and methylprednisolone AUC was -0.64 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacodynamic response of cortisol in renal transplant recipients may be associated in part with long-term steroid exposure. However, the interrelationship between the endocrine and immune system may also affect cortisol's disposition and subsequent recovery patterns in this population. Considerable interpatient variability was apparent in both the cortisol pharmacodynamic response as well as the pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone. These findings suggest a more individualized dosing method may be necessary to optimize the immunosuppressive effect of glucocorticoids and minimize clinical toxicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Varying rates of alcohol metabolism in relation to detoxification medication.

Fifteen patients admitted for alcohol dependency had serial blood alcohol levels drawn. The rate of metabolism was calculated a number of different ways and this was compared to the amount of Librium required for the initial period of withdrawal. It was found that the alcoholics' average metabolism was 26.6 mg%/hour. Although there was a tendency for those with high initial blood alcohol levels to have faster metabolisms, there was not a significant correlation between the two features. There was correlation between the amount of Librium used in the initial period of detoxification and the initial blood alcohol concentration.

Alcoholism↗