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Biomedical subjects

K Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to K Phillips.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Reduced plasma membrane permeability in a multiple cross-resistant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Single nuclear gene inheritance was shown to be responsible for increased resistance to: eight diverse inhibitors of mitochondrial function (antimycin, carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, chloramphenicol, oligomycin, tetracycline, triethyltin bromide, triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide and triton-X-165); and an inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis (cycloheximide). Continuous monitoring of oxygen uptake during respiratory adaptation showed that anerobic pretreatment of resistant cells sensitized respiratory adaptation to chloramphenicol and antimycin. However, since a depression of mitochondrial function by catabolite repression did not result in sensitization to antimycin, alteration of the mitochondrial membrane does not appear to be responsible for resistance to mitochondrial inhibition. Alteration of cellular binding sites was not responsible for resistance since in vitro mitochondrial protein synthesis was sensitive to chloramphenicol and in vitro mitochondrial respiration was sensitive to oligomycin, carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and antimycin. Autoradiography of an ethylacetate-ethanol extract of [14C]chloramphenicol-treated resistant cells indicated that resistance was not due to enzymatic modification of inhibitors. The maintenance of an antimycin-resistant respiration by protoplasts of resistant cells ruled out the involvement of the cell wall in cellular resistance. The reduced transport of [14C]chloramphenicol by resistant cells (1% of normal cells) indicated that a single nuclear gene mutation can alter the permeability of the plasma membrane to many diverse inhibitors.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new system for sternal intraosseous infusion in adults.

BACKGROUND: Intraosseous (IO) infusion provides an alternative route for the administration of fluids and medications when difficulty with peripheral or central lines is encountered during resuscitation of critically ill and injured patients. OBJECTIVE: To report the first 50 uses of a new system for emergency IO infusion into the sternum in adults, the Pyng F.A.S.T.1 IO infusion system. METHODS: Six emergency departments and five prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) sites in Canada and the United States provided clinical and/or research data on their use of the IO system in a pilot study of success rates, insertion times, and complications. Indications for use included adult patient, urgent need for fluids or medications, and unacceptable delay or inability to achieve standard vascular access. A basic data set was standardized for all sites, and some sites collected additional data. RESULTS: The overall success rate for achieving vascular access with the system was 84%. Success rates were 74% for first-time users, and 95% for experienced users. Failure to achieve vascular access occurred most frequently in patients (5 of 9) described subjectively by the user as "very obese," in whom there was a thick layer of tissue overlying the sternum. Mean time to achieve vascular access was 77 seconds. Flow rates of up to 80 mL/min were reported for gravity drip, and more than 150 mL/min by syringe bolus. Pressure cuffs were also used successfully, although fluid rate was controlled by clamping the line. Further research on flow rates is needed. No complications or complaints were reported at two-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: These early data indicate that sternal IO infusion using the new F.A.S.T.1 IO system may provide rapid, safe vascular access and may be a useful technique for reducing unacceptable delays in the provision of emergency treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regret is what you get: the effects of manipulating anticipated affect and time perspective on risky single-occasion drinking.

This study tested anticipated affect as a potential strategy for reducing risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD). The hypothesis was that asking respondents to focus on their anticipated affect following RSOD would lead to higher ratings of negative affect than those obtained when asking respondents to focus on their feelings towards RSOD. In turn, these negative affect ratings were hypothesized as leading to safer behavioural estimates and reductions in RSOD. The study is based on a self-report questionnaire administered at two time points. At Time 1, measures of past drinking and demographic information were collected, along with affect ratings of drinking within safer single-occasion limits and affect ratings of RSOD (within-subjects condition). Time perspective was manipulated whereby the experimental group was asked to focus on affective reactions after RSOD and the control group to focus on affective reactions towards RSOD (between-subjects condition). Two weeks later, drinking behaviour was measured. The findings showed that the time perspective manipulation resulted in significantly higher negative affect ratings in the feeling after condition than in the feeling towards condition. Further, females reported lower negative affect than males. No other main or interaction effects were found. The time perspective manipulation, however, failed to produce safer behavioural estimates and RSOD reduction at follow-up. No significant differences were found between ratings of negative affect when drinking within safe limits as compared with ratings of affect when drinking above such limits. Despite greater negative affect 'after' rather than 'toward' the target behaviour, anticipated affect following RSOD did not yield safer behavioural estimates and subsequent drinking reduction at follow-up. These findings are interpreted in the context of risk perception associated with RSOD. The implications of this study for design of interventions aimed at reducing RSOD are discussed. In particular, ways of intensifying negative affect for RSOD are considered.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recent developments in 'any willing provider' legislation.

Because of recent state-level legislation, many health care networks may not be allowed to choose between qualified member providers. Gerald A. Neiderman, J.D., Jay D. Christiansen, J.D., and Kelly Phillips, J.D., of the health care practice group of Fagre & Benson, update the background, trends and potential impacts of any willing providers laws.

Medical Staff Privileges↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New drugs in asthma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A difference in perspective--the North American and European interpretations of tooth wear.

PURPOSE: There is considerable interest in the European dental research literature about the problem of tooth wear and specifically about dental erosion, but this interest does not appear to be matched in North America based on the volume of the literature there. The purpose of this article is to consider the possible explanations for this difference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article examines the reasons for this disparity and attempts to explain the difference by reviewing the North American and European literature on the etiology, pathogenesis, and prevalence of tooth wear. RESULTS: It would appear from the literature that the reason for the difference in interest between the 2 continents is a reflection of how the appearance, etiology, and terminology are interpreted and used to define tooth wear, attrition, and erosion. CONCLUSION: Attrition is the wear of teeth against teeth; therefore, by definition any worn surface that does not contact the opposing tooth must have another etiology. An appropriate descriptive term is "tooth wear" when the etiology is multifactorial or cannot be determined. A search of the literature shows more studies in the European literature of the etiology and prevalence of tooth wear than in the North American literature. The thrust of the European studies supports the view that erosion is more important than attrition in the etiology of tooth wear.

Bruxism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of surface treatment on fatigue life of postceramic soldered joints.

PURPOSE: This research investigated the effect of surface treatment on the fatigue life of metal-ceramic postsoldering. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty cylindric specimens were cast in a metal-ceramic alloy. All specimens received appropriate heat treatment simulating ceramic application, although no porcelain was applied. Each specimen was cut in half to form two half specimens. The 40 half specimens were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups, which differed in the type of surface treatment performed on one end of each half specimen (joint surface) prior to soldering: (1) aluminous oxide pink stone; (2) 50-micron aluminum oxide sandblasting; (3) brown rubber point; and (4) gray silicone wheel followed by pink silicone wheel. All surface treatments were performed for 30 seconds. The half specimens were then steam cleaned, aligned, indexed, and oven soldered with #650 postceramic solder. The soldering of two half specimens formed a complete test specimen, and a total of 20 postceramic soldered specimens were prepared. Following soldering, a 241.1 MPa fatigue stress was applied to each solder joint during specimen testing. The test variable was the number of stress cycles required to fail each specimen. RESULTS: All specimens failed adhesively at the joint interface between the solder and parent metal. There were significant differences in the number of stress cycles to failure between groups 1 and 2, groups 1 and 4, and between groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: The load cycle to failure for postceramic soldered joints was affected by the metal surface treatment.

Aluminum Oxide↗