Preventive medicine and screening.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Palmer.
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Many patients with eating disorders have menstrual dysfunction. In patients with anorexia nervosa, amenorrhea has been linked to weight loss. However, many patients with bulimia nervosa, even those of average or greater than average weight, also experience menstrual abnormalities, including amenorrhea. It was hypothesized that low weight per se is not responsible for menstrual dysfunction in patients with eating disorders. First, 16 patients with bulimia nervosa of average weight and 29 patients with cystic fibrosis of below average weight of similar menstrual age were compared. Of the patients with bulimia nervosa, 11 (73%) had had secondary amenorrhea at some time compared with 8 (28%) of the patients with cystic fibrosis (P less than .01). At the time of study, 6 (40%) of the patients with bulimia nervosa and 21 (78%) of the patients with cystic fibrosis were having regular cycles (P less than .01). Next 18 patients with anorexia nervosa were compared with 18 patients with cystic fibrosis matched for weight and menstrual age. Although 18 (100%) of the patients with anorexia nervosa had had secondary amenorrhea, only 6 (33%) of the patients with cystic fibrosis had amenorrhea. Although only 1 (6%) of the anorexia nervosa group was currently having regular cycles, 14 (78%) of the patients with cystic fibrosis were (P less than .0001). Closer approximation to ideal body weight was associated with regular menses only in the cystic fibrosis group. Exercise did not appear related to regularity of menstruation in any group. Body weight is not the major factor responsible for menstrual abnormalities in patients with eating disorders.
Preventive screening always involves balancing the practical costs and limitations against the potential benefits. This article considers the cost-benefit equation with reference to some topical examples which may feature in the MRCGP exam.
The preventive aspects of primary care have become increasingly important in the past decade and the new contract and the White Paper 'Working for patients' have focused further attention on them. A question in the MRCGP exam is almost inevitable.
All doctors need to consider what medical and social factors influence prescribing, and to what extent their personal habits and those of their peers are rational and responsible. Exam candidates are given some background pointers.
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Attempts at improving the consultation have led to studies of consultation 'processes' and 'outcomes', and to the development of analytical models of the doctor-patient relationship. The third article in this exam series considers studies and models relevant to trainees and exam candidates.
Good practice is sometimes difficult to define. However, measuring quality of care is a matter of great significance to medical practitioners, consumers, politicians and MRCGP examinees.
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In the examination, no amount of bluff and veneer will disguise a lack of preparation. However, bad technique will take the shine off a good performance.
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