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Biomedical subjects

K Osterman

Publications and source records attributed to K Osterman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Bricanyl Turbuhaler in the treatment of asthma: a six week multi-centre study carried out in Sweden, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway and Finland.

Two hundred and fifty eight adult patients with bronchial asthma participated in an open, parallel group study of 8 wks duration. During a 2 wk run-in period the beta 2-agonist terbutaline (0.5 mg q.i.d) was delivered via a pressurized freon aerosol, Bricanyl metered dose inhaler (MDI). During the following 6 wks, one third of the patients continued with MDI and two thirds with the same dose of terbutaline in the form of dry powder, Bricanyl Turbuhaler. There were no statistically significant differences in the increases in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) after inhalation between the two treatment groups. The asthma symptom scores decreased in the Turbuhaler group during the study but remained the same in the MDI group. No difference in use of extra trial medication during the day was found. During the night, the difference was statistically significant in favour of Turbuhaler (p less than 0.05). Turbuhaler was well accepted and easy to use. As compared with the MDI used during run-in, 50% of the patients in the Turbuhaler group preferred to use Turbuhaler and 26% MDI, whilst 24% had no preference. In conclusion, Turbuhaler was at least as effective as MDI during the whole Turbuhaler life-span (6 wks).

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

Stress injury proneness: a prospective study during a physical training program.

A sample of 108 army conscripts answered two personality questionnaires and performed a series of motor ability and mental ability tests at the beginning of their military service. Occurrence of stress injuries was followed for a twelve-week period after the tests. The period included programmed physical training similar for all the subjects. On average, the subjects who experienced a stress fracture during the follow-up were tall and they also turned out to have been inactive in sports. The average personality profile in the stress fracture group showed low scores in achievement, dominance and exhibition traits. In addition to knowing the risk of a sudden increase in training intensity in stress injury development, height and the above mentioned personality factors should be known in order to be able to recognize a high risk patient in optimal stress injury prophylaxis, e.g. when planning training programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Severe spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents. A long-term review of fusion in situ.

From 1948 to 1980, 93 children and adolescents had fusion in situ for severe spondylolisthesis with a slip of 50% or more, at a mean age of 14.8 years. Of these, 52 girls and 35 boys were reviewed after a mean follow-up of 13.8 years. The mean pre-operative slip was 76% and pain frequency correlated with the severity of the lumbosacral kyphosis but not with that of the slip. Posterior fusion was used in 54, posterolateral in 30 and anterior fusion in three patients. There were no major complications but 16 had re-operations for non-union or root symptoms. At follow-up there were three non-unions. After operation, 19 patients had 10% or more progression of the slip, but 10 showed correction by more than 10% as a result of remodelling. The lumbosacral kyphosis had increased by more than 10 degrees in 45%. Postoperative progression of the slip and of lumbosacral kyphosis was significantly more if the posterior element had been removed. At follow-up 77 patients were subjectively improved, four were unchanged, and one was worse. These results did not correlate with either the degree of the slip, or the angle of lumbosacral kyphosis. Fusion in situ is safe and gives good long-term clinical results. Secondary changes are associated with increased lumbosacral kyphosis, so reduction of this should be considered in severe cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Intrinsic risk factors and athletic injuries.

The benefits of physical activity are widely known. However, the risk of a musculoskeletal injury is an unfavourable consequence in physical training. Age, gender, injury history, body size, local anatomy and biomechanics, aerobic fitness, muscle strength, imbalance and tightness, ligamentous laxity, central motor control, psychological and psychosocial factors as well as general mental ability are factors in the predisposition to injury. Junior (15 to 16 years) and senior athletes seem to be at a higher risk of injury in many types of sport. However, the relationship between age and injuries apparently depends on both the type and intensity of activity practiced. The majority of injured athletes in many studies have been males. Men are, however, more likely to participate in vigorous exercise and sport and it is not known if men are at a generally higher risk of injury when the exposure is taken into account. Certain lesions, such as sprains, strains and dislocations, tend to recur. Previous injuries may necessarily not cause a repetition of injury if treated adequately, but certain individuals may be at a higher risk of injury due to injury-prone biological characteristics. Excessive height and weight have been shown to predispose to stress injuries in physical training. Idiopathic or acquired abnormalities in the anatomy or biomechanics in any joint may lead to a local injury. However, physical requirements vary widely between different types of activity and predisposition to injury due to anatomical or biomechanical factors seems to be characteristic for each type of exercise. Lack of fitness, muscle weakness, joint looseness and poor general flexibility have been suggested as factors in the outcome of athletic injuries but no definite conclusions can be made on the basis of the existing literature. Long simple reaction times to visual stimuli and long choice reaction times to visual stimuli have recently been related to musculoskeletal injuries. No exceptional personality dimension in injury proneness as a whole has been found and the results from specific groups cannot be extrapolated generally. Accumulation of life stress apparently predisposes to an athletic injury. Musculoskeletal injuries seem to be more common in subjects with lower scores in intelligence tests but no causation has been shown yet. Altogether, a complex network of risk factors for athletic injuries has been found. However, no prospective study including all the recognised injury risk factors has been presented in the literature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A multiple dose powder inhaler (Turbuhaler) compared with a conventional aerosol. An acceptance study in asthmatics.

Nineteen patients with asthma completed an open, randomized, crossover study in which 0.5 mg terbutaline sulphate was administered either via Turbuhaler or via the metered dose inhaler (MDI) for 2-week periods. The clinical effect of the two treatment forms was comparable; both provided adequate bronchodilator therapy. Patients also considered Turbuhaler and MDI equally effective, with a small preference for the MDI. Turbuhaler seems to be a valuable alternative to bronchodilator MDI therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Regeneration of the growth plate.

The occurrence of growth plate regeneration has been doubted. However, in 5 different series of experiments reported between 1950 and 1986 regeneration of injured parts of growth plates in long bones of rabbits and pigs could be demonstrated. The 1st series implied partial X-ray injury of growth plates in rabbits aged 3-6 weeks. The 2nd series implied autotransplantation of the head of the fibula in rabbits aged 10-21 days. The 3rd, 4th and 5th series implied transplantation of autologous fat grafts into provoked defects of growth plates in rabbits and pigs. The findings show that regeneration of a growth plate occurs when a part of it is injured in such a manner that a bone bridge is not formed between the epiphysis and the metaphysis. Regeneration of a plate is much faster in relation to the growth in length of the bone in the rabbit than in the pig. The 1st and 2nd series suggest that regeneration takes place by interstitial proliferation of cells from the germinal layer of the uninjured parts of the plate. Signs of partial regeneration of growth plates have been seen in radiographs after operation for partial closure of growth plates in children.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Patellofemoral relationships in recurrent patellar dislocation.

Magnetic resonance imaging was used to analyse the patellofemoral relationships during the first 30 degrees of knee flexion in women with recurrent patellar dislocation. The patellofemoral joints were imaged both sagittally and axially with the knee flexed 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees. At the beginning of knee flexion the sulcus angle was greater than in unaffected women, the lateral patellofemoral angle was smaller, the patella displaced further laterally, tilted more laterally and the congruence angle was directed more laterally. At 30 degrees of knee flexion these differences were less marked than at 0 degree to 10 degrees. Logistic regression analysis showed that the sulcus angle at 10 degrees of knee flexion was the most diagnostic feature, indicating that there is an anatomical predisposition to recurrent dislocation and that pathological patellar tracking starts from the beginning of flexion. Traditional sunrise radiographic films taken at 25 degrees to 30 degrees knee flexion clearly miss diagnostically important information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Patellar motion analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging.

We have analyzed the normal patellar motion during the first 30 degrees of knee flexion by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten males and 10 females without knee symptoms were examined. The patellar articulation was imaged both sagittaly and axially with the knee flexed 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees. The axial images were produced through the middle of the patellar articular cartilage. When the knee was in extension compared to 30 degrees flexion, the sulcus angle was greater, the lateral patellofemoral angle was smaller, there was more lateral patellar displacement, the patella tilted more laterally, and the congruence angle was directed more laterally. Differences between males and females were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Scoliosis associated with lumbar spondylolisthesis. A clinical survey of 190 young patients.

A series of 190 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis treated operatively during the years 1948-80 at the mean age of 15.2 years (8-19 years) and reexamined 4-36 years (mean 11.2 years) later are presented. In 92 of them (48%) scoliosis (more than 5 degrees) in association with olisthesis was seen. The slipping affected the fifth segment in 90 and fourth segment in two patients. The female predominance was characteristic in the scoliotic group. Dysplastic changes of the posterior arc were more often seen in the group of patients with scoliosis than in the nonscoliotic group, and they also presented a more severe grade of slipping and lumbosacral kyphosis. The curve was usually mild and was situated in the lumbar area. Patients with a higher degree of lumbosacral kyphosis and more severe slipping also had a statistically higher degree of lumbar scoliosis. Operative treatment of spondylolisthesis consisted of posterior or posterolateral fusion in situ, but two patients were treated using ventral fusion and three severe cases with removal of loose posterior element. Lumbar scoliosis classified as sciatic type disappeared in 25 out of 39 patients after lumbosacral fusion, suggesting the "sciatic muscle spasm" as an etiologic factor. The torsional type of curve resulting from asymmetrical slipping of the vertebra was also corrected in 19 out of 28 cases after fusion. At follow-up patients with remaining lumbar scoliosis represented more low-back pain than those without any curve. In our opinion lumbosacral fusion is indicated before lumbar curve changes to structural scoliosis in symptomatic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Lower limb asymmetry and patellofemoral joint incongruence in the etiology of knee exertion injuries in athletes.

The association between different knee exertion injuries and lower limb malalignments was studied in 121 male athletes with knee exertion injuries and in 20 male athletes without knee symptoms. The associations between different malalignments was also analyzed. Leg length inequality (LLI), knee valgus, and different indexes of patellofemoral joint congruence were measured using radiological methods. Male athletes with patellar apicitis (n = 59) had significantly more LLI (P less than 0.001) and patella alta (P less than 0.05) than athletes without knee symptoms. The knee valgus was of the same numerical value in the shorter and longer leg sides in subjects with LLI of at least 5 mm (n = 58). A positive correlation was found between lateral patellar displacement (LPD) and patella alta (LT/LP) (P less than 0.001). Negative correlations were found between the sulcus angle (SA) and the lateral patello-femoral angle (LPA) (P less than 0.001) as well as between the LPD and the LPA (P less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Factors predisposing to patellar chondropathy and patellar apicitis in athletes.

Factors predisposing to patellar chondropathy (the PC group) and inferior patellar apicitis (jumper's knee - the PA group) were sought by means of a questionnaire, detailed quantitative physical measurements and radiological examination in male athletes. There were 20 athletes in the two groups who had typical symptoms and signs of each disorder. A group of 20 high-level athletes without knee symptoms served as a control group. The factors found in the PC group which differed significantly from those in the control group included increased anterior drawer sign (p less than 0.05), increased passive mediolateral patellar range of movement (p less than 0.001) and increased hyperextension (p less than 0.05). More leg length inequality (p less than 0.001) and patella alta (p less than 0.05) was observed in the PA group than in the controls. There was statistically significant positive correlation between the different measurements of knee laxity (anterior drawer sign, passive mediolateral patellar movement and hyperextension) in the 60 cases. The correlation coefficient between the length of the patellar tendon and passive mediolateral patellar movement was 0.82 (p less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Factors predisposing Army conscripts to knee exertion injuries incurred in a physical training program.

Factors causing predisposition to knee exertion injuries were sought by means of a questionnaire and detailed quantitative physical measurements in 62 healthy Finnish Army conscripts. The subjects consisted of two groups of 18- to 26-year-old conscripts; Group A comprised 34 subjects without knee exertion injuries and Group B, 28 subjects who experienced knee exertion injuries during the first eight weeks of military service. In Group B the extensor mechanism was the most common source of symptoms. The factors found in Group B that differed significantly from those in Group A included increased height (p less than 0.05), increased leg length inequality (LLI) (p less than 0.01), increased passive mediolateral patellar range of motion (PMLPM) (p less than 0.01), and increased knee laxity sum index (LSI) (p less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Diagnostic tests in allergy to green coffee.

Twenty-two coffee roastery workers with work-related symptoms of various degree from the eyes, nose or bronchi were tested with partly purified water-soluble extract from dust of green coffee beans (GCB). Eighteen persons had a positive prick test, eight a positive bronchial provocation test and seven a positive nasal provocation test. Fourteen had a positive methacholine test, indicating unspecific bronchial hyperreactivity. Specific IgE antibodies to GCB extract were found in sera of 11 workers and to castor bean (CB) extract in 16. The workers measured their lung function with an air flow meter, three times a day for 1 week, and the values were lower in the second half of the week for the workers with IgE antibodies to GCB, but not for the others. It is concluded that the case history, prick test, RAST, and simple lung function tests for one or a few weeks are the best tools when investigating occupational allergy. When the allergen is unknown, but the occurrence of an IgE-mediated allergy is suspected, serial lung function measurements and determinations of total serum IgE, in addition to taking a careful case history, are valuable methods with which to start the investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sarcoidosis: epidemiology and prognosis. A 15-year European study.

A 15-year study of patients with sarcoidosis is presented. In most patients, the disease was discovered at a general health screening examination. The mean total incidence among persons 15 yr of age or older was 19 per 100,000 per year (21.7 for women and 16.5 for men). There was a peak incidence in both sexes between the ages of 20 and 34, and in older women, there was a second but lower and broader peak. The frequency of symptoms was greater in older women than in other patients. The accumulated lifetime risk of sarcoidosis was 1.3% for women and almost 1% for men. Patients with Stage I sarcoidosis, i.e., with bilateral hilar adenopathy alone, had the best prognosis, with 50% of the patients showing a normal radiographic picture 15 months after the discovery of the disease. Among patients with Stage II sarcoidosis (both bilateral hilar adenopathy and pulmonary infiltration), it was 36 months before 50% returned to normal radiographically. Resolution of all radiographic evidence of the disease could still occur many years after the first pathologic findings were made on chest films.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Double-blind parallel study of piroxicam versus indomethacin in the treatment of low back pain.

Twenty-eight outpatients with chronic severe lumbar pain participated in a double-blind comparative trial on the clinical efficacy of orally administered piroxicam and indomethacin. Half of the patients received indomethacin, 25 mg t.i.d.; the other half received piroxicam 20 mg in the morning and a placebo at lunchtime and before dinner for six weeks. The patients were examined four times at two-week intervals for their capability to do daily tasks and for total lumbar mobility, forward bending, raising of both legs straight and the subjective assessment of pain. Side effects were recorded on a questionnaire and with laboratory tests. The overall results of both groups were similar. Thus, piroxicam, 20 mg daily, matches indomethacin, 25 mg t.i.d., in the treatment of low back pain. The side effects were slight. Treatment with indomethacin was stopped in one case (erythema and conjunctivitis). In the piroxicam group diarrhea, constipation, and pain in the tongue were reported, whereas in the indomethacin group gastrointestinal irritation and tiredness were typical symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein after total hip arthroplasty.

Uncomplicated total hip arthroplasty (THA) was performed in 40 osteoarthritic patients, and changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were registered. The follow-up period was one year. Preoperative ESR appeared to be slightly elevated, and CRP levels were normal, with no exceptions. A postoperative maximum ESR of 64 mm/hour was reached six days after surgery. A slow decrease followed, but ESR remained slightly elevated one year later. The changes in CRP were more rapid; a maximum of 134 mg/l was registered on the second day after surgery, and the values were consistently normalized three weeks after surgery. Thus, uneventful recovery after THA seems to be indicated by a normalizing CRP, regardless of ESR values.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Massive ectopic calcification of the leg following nerve injury.

Four cases showing massive ectopic calcifications in muscles of the lower leg combined with nerve paralysis following war injuries or traffic accident are reported. The development and increase of localized soft tissue calcifications were observed for several years. One case was treated by extirpating the ectopic calcified mass. Several operations were performed because of abnormalities in the feet as a sequel of nerve injury. No clear connection was observed between primary infection or reduced blood supply and development of calcification, although microtrauma of paretic muscle fibers is believed to cause partially induction of massive ectopic calcifications in the cases described.

Adult↗