Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Orita

Publications and source records attributed to K Orita.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Clinical evaluation of cefmetazole for the prevention of postoperative wound infections].

The authors treated 415 patients, with injection of 4 g cefmetazole (CMZ) per day after operation of the digestive tract. In these cases, the prevention of postoperative wound infections was investigated and the following results were obtained. Out of 415 cases, 11 cases (2.7%) had postoperative wound infections; 6 cases of which were superficial wound infections and 5 cases deep wound infections. In relation to the degree of infection of the surgical field of them, 10 cases were performed with the contamination by bowel organisms and 1 case was in infected surgical field. Bacteriological examination was carried out. Twenty-four strains of bacteria were isolated and identified. The major bacterial strains identified were 6 strains of S. faecalis, 4 strains of E. cloacae and 4 strains of P. aeruginosa. These organisms were rarely sensitive to CMZ. The results suggest that the organisms causing postoperative wound infections are changing compared with the organisms of previous reports and that the use of CMZ as a postoperative medication is useful in the prevention of wound infections.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

[Augmentation of NK activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients by intermittent GE-132 administration].

The natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 18 cancer patients was studied prior to and after multiple administration of organo-germanium compound (Ge-132). In successive oral administration of Ge-132 at a dose of 1000 mg/day for 10 days, NK-activity of patients was augmented at 3 days, but by 10 days, depression of NK activity was observed in all cases. In intermittent oral administration of Ge-132, however, more than half of the patients with augmented NK activity at day 3 maintained the high activity level at day 10. This result suggests the superiority of intermittent administration of Ge-132 for clinical use.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

[The possible modes of action of TNF (tumor necrosis factor)].

TNF has been characterized by the fact that it not only induces hemorrhagic necrosis in various established tumors including Meth. A in vivo but also shows antitumor activity against several transformed cell lines in vitro. However, most studies on TNF have been carried out not with purified Preparations but with mouse or rabbit serum containing other cytokines like INF or with so-called tumor necrosis serum (TNS). Therefore, it is somewhat difficult and rather early to review the action mechanisms of TNF. According to a few reports which have used TNS to study the node of he action of TNF in vitro, its activity against transformed cell lines can be tentatively summarized as follows. First, the TNF molecule binds to the corresponding receptor on the cell surface, and then is transferred to the lysosome in a similar manner to the internalization of growth hormone and insulin. The TNF on the lysosomal membrane their induces injury to the membrane as a labilizer, finally causing cell destruction. TNF seems to be a cytotoxic rather than cytolytic substance. However, this recently described mechanism in vitro is not able to explain how TNF causes the central hemorrhagic necrosis of established solid tumors in vivo. Many unknown action mechanisms of TNF still remain to be clarified.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of splenectomy and immunotherapy on advanced gastric cancer associated with total gastrectomy.

Immunotherapy with levamisole (LMS) and combined splenectomy were performed in the cases of stages III and IV gastric cancer of the upper and middle stomach and associated with total gastrectomy. The cell-mediated immunity and the survival rates for both groups were compared with controls. Combined splenectomy was not effective for cases of stage III gastric cancer, but was effective for those in stage IV. Comparing the cumulative survival rates of the immunotherapy group with the controls, cases of stages III and IV gastric cancer without splenectomy, the survival rate of those with immunotherapy was higher than that of the control group in the cases of the stage III, but the result was reverse in cases of stage IV gastric cancer. Changes in the cell-mediated immunity correlated with the survival rates.

Gastrectomy↗
PubMed1983

Dissociation of natural killer activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in spleen cells of tumor bearing mice.

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) increased with the development of tumors in C3H/He mice bearing spontaneous breast cancer or the syngeneic hepatoma MH-134 and in C57BL/6 mice bearing the syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL. This cytotoxicity decreased after treatment with guinea pig, monoclonal IgM anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement to the non-cancer level thus indicating that the increased ADCC in mice with cancer seems mainly attributable to cells with the Thy 1 antigen. On the other hand, NK activity decreased greatly when mice had tumors. Treatment with monoclonal IgM anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement showed no significant influence on the natural killer (NK) activity of spleen cells of mice bearing MH-134 cancer, but in the 3LL-bearing mice the activity decreased significantly.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of the removal of the primary tumor and immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum on metastatic tumor proliferation.

The effects of surgical intervention by removal of the primary focus, and the effectiveness of an immunomodulator, Corynebacterium parvum (Cp), on the proliferation of metastatic tumor tissue were investigated by following the postoperative changes in the 3H-thymidine labelling rate of metastatic tissue in an experimental model of metastasis in mice. In addition, the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) was studied to investigate the immune capacity of the host. The labelling rate of mice that had the primary focus removed remained high with little variation, while that of the mice not operated on decreased gradually. On the other hand, in mice undergoing a sham operation, the rate was the same as that of the mice with the primary focus removed for a short while, but then gradually decreased. When Cp was administered, especially before removal of the primary focus, the rate was lower than that of the tumor bearing control group and decreased steadily. The number of pulmonary metastatic nodules was increased by removal of the primary focus, but this increase was inhibited by the administration of Cp which prolonged life. The depression in the DTH was less in the group given Cp preoperativeLy than in either the group of mice having the primary focus removed or those not having it removed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunochemotherapy with levamisole for stage III gastric cancer patients.

Levamisole (LMS) was given to stage III gastric cancer patients starting three days before gastrectomy, at a does of 150 mg/day for three consecutive days every other week. Survival rates of these patients were compared with those of stage III gastric cancer patients previously operated in our Department who had not received levamisole. The background factors of both groups were matched as closely as possible. Both groups were concomitantly treated with mitomycin C and FT-207. The survival rate of the LMS group was significantly higher than that of the control group when the tumor had a diameter of 4.0-8.0 cm, cancer cells infiltrated to the gastric serosa, there were metastases within the regional lymph nodes, cancer cells slightly invaded the venous capillaren and there was moderate infiltration of the stroma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Splenectomy combined with gastrectomy and immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer.

We studied the effects of a splenectomy in combination with immunotherapy on the survival of patients who had undergone a total gastrectomy. It was found that a splenectomy was not effective against advanced gastric cancer at stage III, and that the spleen should be retained for immunotherapy. Splenectomy for gastric cancer at terminal stage IV, particularly in combination with immunotherapy, produced not only augmentation of cellular immunity, but also increased survival.

Gastrectomy↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of SPG (schizophyllan) as a therapeutic adjuvant after surgery of gastric cancer--controlled study by an envelope method].

SPG, a beta-1, 3 glucan extracted from cultured Schizophyllum commune Fries, was clinically evaluated for its efficacy in adjuvant immunochemotherapy for postoperative gastric cancer by the SPG cooperative study group comprising 43 hospitals. On the day of operation and the next day, patients were given intravenously 0.4 mg and 0.2 mg/kg of mitomycin C, respectively. Subsequently, they were randomly allocated to either the SPG group or control group. From the 10th to 20th postoperative days, the SPG group was intramuscularly given SPG at a dose of 20 mg twice a week or 40 mg once a week in combination with tegafur, while the control group was given only tegafur. Significant prolongation of life span of the SPG group was confirmed in Stage III. Minor side effects due to SPG were noted in 2.6% (5/190).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of schizophyllan (SPG) in advanced gastric cancer--a randomized comparative study by an envelope method].

To clarify the clinical efficacy of SPG, a beta-1, 3 glucan extracted from cultured Schizophyllum commune Fries, a randomized comparative study was performed in combination with mitomycin C+5-fluorouracil (MF protocol) or tegafur (F protocol). A total of 514 cases with inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer were randomly allocated to either the SPG group or the control group, 367 of which were finally assessed for clinical efficacy. SPG was intramuscularly given at a dose of 20 mg twice a week or 40 mg once a week. Significant prolongation of life span was confirmed in the SPG group (MF protocol: p less than 0.01, F protocol: p less than 0.05), although the combination of SPG did not demonstrate a remarkable antitumor effect in both MF and F protocols. Among immune response parameters tested, the positive reactions in the PHA skin test were maintained in the SPG group and decreases in lymphocyte counts were inhibited by SPG in the MF protocol. Side effects associated with SPG therapy were noted in 6 of 258 cases treated with SPG. From these results, it is indicated that the combination of SPG and the chemotherapeutic agents may be useful in treating patients with inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

[Influence of the surgical stress on graft-versus-host reaction in mice--the suppressor activity to GVH reaction induced by the surgical operation].

The influences of surgical stress on the local graft-versus-host reaction (GvHR) in F1 mice were studied. Skin incision to the F1 mice inflicted to 1 day prior to injection of parental spleen cells produced impairment of popliteal lymph node enlargement, however, this effect was not observed when GvHR was induced on the day 3 and 5 after operation. Spleen cells from hind limb amputated F1 mice exhibited suppressor activity on local GvH reaction when injected into naive syngenic F1 mice together. This suppressor activity was markedly detected 3 and 24 hrs after operation, then gradually reduced and completely disappeared on the day 7. These suppressor activity completely disappeared by the treatment with anti-Thy 1.2. antibody and complement. These results showed that GvH reaction was suppressed by the surgical stress, and this suppression was due to suppressor T lymphocytes in the spleen.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1983

[Antitumor effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a combination use of LPS and lentinan on C3H/He mice bearing MH-134 tumor].

Using C3H/He mice a series of experiments was carried to study the antitumor effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combined use with Lentinan extracted from Cortinellus shiitake and its influence on cellular immunity as well as antitumor effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) prepared from LPS, and the following results were obtained: 1) In the cases where LPS was administered when the tumor had grown to a certain extent after tumor transplantation, hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumor occurred within 48 hours, showing a high antitumor effect. 2) In the cases where LPS was used with Lentinan, i.e., 2 mg/kg/day of Lentinan was administered from the 1st to the 8th day after tumor transplantation, and 30 micrograms/kg of LPS given on the 12th day, the highest antitumor effect could be achieved. 3) By combined use of LPS and Lentinan delayed type hypersensitivity was intensified. 4) Upon application of rabbit serum containing TNF to cancer bearing mice, hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumor was observed within 48 hours, and a superior antitumor effect compared to LPS alone was noted in terms of tumor size and weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Natural cytotoxic reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from digestive tract cancer patients against a colon cancer cell line and virus-infected HeLa cells.

The natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of gastric cancer patients in all pathological stages from I to IV was less than that of healthy persons or patients with benign diseases. However, there was no significant difference in the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of cancer patients and healthy individuals, and the correlation between NK and ADCC activities was somewhat lower in cancer patients than in healthy persons. The peripheral blood lymphocytes from digestive tract cancer patients were divided into two fractions on the basis of low affinity erythrocyte (E)-rosette formation. The NK activity of the low affinity E-receptor negative fraction from cancer patients was significantly lower than that of the same fraction from healthy persons. The binding of lymphocytes with target cells is considered to be a first step of natural killing. In cancer patients, there was a decrease in the target-binding capacity of lymphocytes in both fractions. Therefore, the decreased NK activity of cancer patients appeared to be related to a reduced target-binding capacity.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1982

Postirradiation sarcoma (malignant fibrous histiocytoma) in the inguinal region.

A female patient who died of apparent postirradiation sarcoma at the age of 39 was reported. Following a traffic accident, she developed squamous cell carcinoma at the injured right heel 20 years later, and also metastasis to both inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes. During the period from September 1966 to May 1968, she had received Co60 irradiation to the right inguinal and para-aortic areas, 9,600 and 6,600 Roentgen, respectively. Ten years later, she manifested a huge tumor in the inguinal region which extended further to the retroperitoneum; light and electron microscopic examinations proved to be a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. She died of massive pulmonary metastasis two years later. Histological differentiation of the tumor and relationship between irradiation and sarcoma induction were briefly discussed, and the necessity of reevalution of soft part sarcomas was emphasized.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical evaluation of a serum immunosuppressive (IS) substance in various diseases].

The IS substance (molecular weight: 52,000, pI: 2.7-3.3) levels in the serum was examined in patients with various diseases. The IS substance levels in patients with gastric, colorectal, biliary-pancreas and esophageal cancer were significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers. The level of IS substance increased in accordance with advance of cancer, showing the highest level in advanced and recurrent cancer patients. In benign disease patients, high levels of IS substance were also observed in the serum of infectious diseases and chronic renal failure. In contrast, patients with liver cirrhosis had a definite low level of IS substance. When the IS substance level was compared with other parameters in cancer patients, a definite correlation was found with immunosuppressive acidic protein and alpha 2 globulin. However, there was no correlation with skin reaction, lymphocyte number, T-cell number, or PHA induced lymphocyte blastgenesis. It is suggested that the IS substance level is a useful indicator to judge the extent of disease before operation and to estimate the clinical course after operation.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗