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Biomedical subjects

K Orita

Publications and source records attributed to K Orita.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Comparative clinical study of aspoxicillin and sulbenicillin in postoperative wound infections].

A well-controlled comparative study was performed to evaluate efficacy, safety and utility of aspoxicillin (ASPC) as compared with sulbenicillin (SBPC) in the treatment of postoperative wound infections. Either 2 g of ASPC or 2 g of SBPC was administered to patients by intravenous drip infusion twice a day for 7 days. The following results were obtained: Overall clinical effectiveness rates were 82.5% (66/80) in ASPC group and 77.0% (57/74) in SBPC group, with no statistically significant difference between 2 groups. Final overall clinical improvement rates were 83.8% (67/80) in ASPC group and 81.1% (60/74) in SBPC group, with no statistically significant difference between 2 groups. As to bacteriological effectiveness, eradication rates of clinical isolates were 70.4% (38/54) in ASPC group and 74.4% (32/43) in SBPC group. There was no statistically significant difference in 2 groups. Side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 6 cases (6.7%) and 11 cases (12.4%) in ASPC group (89 cases) respectively, and 4 cases (4.4%) and 7 cases (7.8%) in SBPC group (90 cases) respectively. Especially severe adverse reactions were not observed, and there was no significant difference in the incidences of side effects and abnormal laboratory findings between 2 groups. As to overall clinical utility, utility rates were 77.5% (62/80) in ASPC group and 70.3% (52/74) in SBPC group. There was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups. These results may be indicated that ASPC is as useful as SBPC in the treatment of postoperative wound infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of human recombinant beta-interferon on natural killer activity of peripheral lymphocytes in cancer patients].

After human recombinant beta-interferon (ReIFN-beta) was administered to 13 cancer patients intrathoracoperitoneally and by intravenous drip infusion every day or 3 times a week, the effect of peripheral lymphocytes on natural killer (NK) activity was studied. When ReIFN-beta was given every day or 3 times a week, the NK activity was notably enforced, and was maintained throughout the period of administration. NK activity was also enforced regardless of whether ReIFN-beta was given intravenously on intrathoracoperitoneally. By the administration of ReIFN-beta, pleural effusion and ascites in three patients were depleted, and in one patient, Douglas' cul-de-sac tumor disappeared. It was therefore suggested that ReIFN-beta was effective against the cavity of carcinomatosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Synergistic activation of rat alveolar macrophages by cepharanthine and OK-432].

We studied the synergistic activation of rat alveolar macrophages (AM) by cepharanthine (Ceph.) and OK-432. Rat AM could be rendered much more tumoricidal against Walker-256 tumors in vitro after the i.v. injection of ceph. (5 mg/Kg) and OK-432 (5 KE/rat) thao of ceph. or OK-432 only. Radioactivity of 14C-acetate-OK-432 trapped in murine lung after the i.v. injection of mixed of ceph. was much higher than of 14C-acetate-OK-432 only. Rat AM could be rendered tumoricidal by incubation in vitro with OK-432, but not with ceph. This finding suggests that if OK-432 is injected intravenously with mixed of with ceph., of OK-432 is trapped much more up by the lung without mixture, therefore AM can be much more tumoricidal. Intravenous administration of OK-432 with ceph. may be useful for reduction of lung metastasis by tumoricidal AM.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1985

[Treatment of small liver cancer].

Histopathological studies were conducted on the resected lesions in eight cases of small liver cancer, and therapeutic methods are discussed. Examinations revealed tumor cell infiltration into the fibrous capsule in 5/7 (71%), into extracapsular tissues in 3/7 (43%), and vascular invasion by tumor cells in 2/8 (25%) cases. Seven patients were complicated with liver cirrhosis and one patient with hepatic fibrosis. On the basis of preoperative TAE performed in three cases and studies on the resected indicating that tumor cells remained that have infiltrated into extracapsular areas, resection was considered to be necessary to attain radical cure. At 100%, the one-year survival rate was encouraging. However, two cases of recurrence would suggest that further studies are necessary on areas to be resected.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical and immunological study on the high incidence of malignant neoplasms in patients with chronic renal failure].

With the advancement of dialysis techniques, rehabilitation and high morbidity are becoming serious problems for patients with chronic renal failure. The authors, with the purpose of investigating the carcinogenic state of such patients, studied the incidence of malignant neoplasms and their immunity both clinically and fundamentally. Out of 499 patients with chronic renal failure, malignant neoplasms were found in 17 cases (3.40%), which is obviously a high rate with a statistically significant difference from that of the ordinary healthy population. In the fundamental immunity study, OKM1+ cells of the patients were significantly lower than those of healthy people, and a decrease in NK and K cells was inferred. Incidentally, the lymphocytes of patients strongly inhibited the mitogen response of healthy subjects. This decline in cellular immunity is considered to be closely related to the carcinogenicity of patients with chronic renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[The immune defense system in gastric cancer tissue, regional lymph node and spleen--aspects from subsets and functions of lymphocytes].

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) were thought to play an important role in local immunity against cancer. But the natural cytotoxicity (NC) of TIL and LNL was very weak, and was not augmented by beta-IFN. This low cytotoxicity was augmented by IL-2, and especially LNL were activated to have higher lymphokine activated killer (LAK) activity than that of PBL. So it was proven that TIL and LNL had an potential of immunological defence system. In order to bring out these potential, immunomodulators (OK-432, PSK) were injected intralesionally under endoscopy one week prior to surgery. The cytotoxicity of TIL and LNL was augmented by the intralesional injection of OK-432 or PSK. There was no significant difference in LAK activity of LNL among the OK-432-, PSK-injected group, and the control. The 2-year survival rate of the OK-432-injected group was much longer than that of the control. From above results, intralesional injection of immunomodulators was thought to be a promising candidate for the immunotherapy of gastric cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Levamisole in postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy for gastric cancer. A randomized controlled study of the MMC + Tegafur regimen with or without levamisole. Report I.

The usefulness of LMS in postoperative immunochemotherapy of gastric cancer was investigated. In compliance with the protocol, MMC was given at a dose of 20 mg on the day of gastrectomy, and an additional 10 mg on the next day IV. The patients receiving 600 mg Tegafur daily were then divided into two groups according to whether LMS was also given or not. LMS was administered for 3 days before the operation in a daily dose of 150 mg and for 1 year or more after operation according to a schedule of 3 days' administration followed by an 11-day interval. The 2-year follow-up demonstrated that in stage III patients, the LMS (+) regimen was superior to the LMS (-) regimen, since the former prolonged the relapse-free interval significantly. The survival rate for stage III disease was also significantly higher in the LMS (+) than in the LMS (-) group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of subjective or objective side-effects between two groups. The incidence of agranulocytosis was comparable in the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Clinical evaluation of schizophyllan adjuvant immunochemotherapy for patients with resectable gastric cancer--a randomized controlled trial.

Adjuvant immunochemotherapy using Schizophyllan (SPG), an extract from the culture broth of Schizophyllum commune Fries, was prescribed at random for 326 Japanese patients with resectable gastric cancer. The overall survival rates for 3 years did not differ between the SPG and control groups. In 62 patients with stage I gastric cancer and 67 with stage II, there was little difference in the 3-year survival rates. The survival rates for 100 patients with stage III were enhanced at p = 0.0811 in the SPG group, as compared to the controls. The survival rates in 97 patients with stage IV cancer were much the same. These results warrant further application of this immunopotentiating drug for treating patients with resectable gastric cancer.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1984

Antitumor effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor in mice.

The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) against tumor growth and on cellular immunity were studied in comparison with those of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). LPS and TNF, which were administered into mice with tumors, induced hemorrhagic necrosis within 48 hours after the initiation of the treatment. LPS and TNF significantly inhibited the tumor growth, as compared with findings in the controls. There was no significant difference in inhibitory effect on tumor growth between mice treated with LPS or TNF once or twice. Both LPS and TNF prevented the decrease of delayed type hypersensitivity in the tumor bearing mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Krestin (PSK).

A polysaccharide preparation isolated from Coriolus versicolor (Fr.) Quél. of Basidiomycetes (PSK) predominantly consists of glucan and approximately 25% tightly bound protein. PSK was effective against various allogeneic and syngeneic animal tumors and has been given orally to cancer patients. Various suppressed or enhanced immune responses of tumor-bearing animals were restored to normal levels by the administration of PSK in the tumor models tested. The killer T cell activity was augmented in tumor-bearing mice by intraperitoneal or oral administration of PSK, and there was correlation between the PSK associated antitumor effect and the killer T cell activity. It was found that PSK competed with immunosuppressive substances isolated from tumor-bearing mice and that the intestinal immune system appeared to be modulated by oral administration of PSK. After oral administration of 14C- or 35S-labeled PSK to normal rats, it was found that small or large molecular substances appeared in the serum depending on the time elapsed after administration, an indication that large molecular size products were from the digestive tract.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Primary malignant lymphoma of the breast. With a review of 73 cases among Japanese subjects.

We report a case of a 71-year-old female with primary malignant lymphoma of the breast. The patient noticed a lump in the right breast approximately six years prior to consultation to the Surgical Department because of a rapid growth of the lump, and had no other tumors noticed throughout the body during that period. Histology proved the case to be a "reticulum cell sarcoma" (large cell type) producing IgM in the tumor cells, instead of a breast carcinoma as clinically diagnosed. At the same time, a total of 73 cases of mammary malignant lymphoma among Japanese subjects were reviewed. The criteria for primary or secondary malignant lymphoma of the breast, and histological diagnosis and pathogenesis of the primary breast malignant lymphoma were discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Nonicteric liver damage with a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level of 5,609 units/l in a renal-transplant recipient receiving azathioprine.

A 26-year-old male with renal allograft, who received immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine, presented marked elevations of serum biliary tract enzymes, such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (5,609 units/l) and alkaline phosphatase (60.5 Bessey-Lowry units), 14 months after transplantation. Two months later the patient became icteric; he died of respiratory failure 19 months after the renal allograft. Postmortem examination revealed intrahepatic cholestasis with minimal inflammatory cell infiltration, indicating drug hepatotoxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Activation of NK activity and auto-reactive cytotoxicity after hepatectomy.

Spleen cells serially sampled from normal mice following partial hepatectomy were tested for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural killer (NK) activity. There was a marked augmentation of these activities of spleen cells from the hepatectomized animals, compared to cells from controls with a simple laparotomy. The augmentation of ADCC in the hepatectomized mice was largely attributable to the activity of T lymphocytes. When cultured with interleukin-2 (IL-2), the spleen cells from hepatectomized mice exhibited cytotoxicity to syngeneic lymphoblasts, which was found to be effected by T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Suppressive influence of surgical stress on the graft-versus-host reaction in mice.

The influence of surgical stress on the local graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) in F1 mice was studied. Skin incision 1 day prior to injection of parental spleen cells produced impairment of popliteal lymph node enlargement; however, this effect was not observed when GVHR was induced 3 and 5 days after operation. Strong GVHR suppressive activity of spleen cells was observed three hours after leg amputation before a decrease in thymus weight became evident. The GVHR suppressive activity declined by six hours later, but a second peak of 60% inhibition was observed after 24 h. This suppressive activity completely disappeared by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 and complement. This shows that the GVHR is suppressed by surgical stress, and that this suppression is due to suppressor T lymphocytes.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1984

Antitumor effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone and in combination with lentinan on MH-134 tumors in C3H/He mice.

Using C3H/He mice, the antitumor effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone and in combination with Lentinan extracted from Lentinus edodes was studied. The influence of LPS on cellular immunity and the antitumor effect of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were also examined. LPS, which was administered into mice with tumor, induced hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumor within 48 h, demonstrating a high antitumor effect. When LPS was used in combination with Lentinan, the tumor growth was significantly inhibited as compared to that in the control mice. The combination of LPS and Lentinan prevented a decrease in the delayed type hypersensitivity in tumor bearing mice. Application of rabbit serum containing TNF resulted in hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumor within 48 h, as with LPS.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Antitumor effect of new lymphokine OH-1 on BDF1 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma].

Antitumor effect of new lymphokine extracted from BALL-1 cells derived from human acute lymphocytic leukemia was investigated using BDF1 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. This antitumor lymphokine is called OH-1. The antitumor effect of OK-1 on transplanted main tumor was great, but less effective than cyclophosphamide. However, the antitumor effect on OH-1 on metastatic tumor was comparably high as with cyclophosphamide, both macroscopically and functionally.

Animals↗