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Biomedical subjects

K Okamura

Publications and source records attributed to K Okamura.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Fatal delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction in a postoperative case of traumatic aortic rupture].

A 52-year-old woman with traumatic rupture of the thoracic descending aorta had a history of previous blood transfusion 23 years ago. This time, she received 4,600 ml of blood transfusion during the replacement procedure of thoracic aorta. On the 12th postoperative day, she had acutely progressive severe jaundice, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly. All transfused blood was compatible by bromelin method before operation. Serological studies revealed a secondary response of hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti E and anti c antibodies. She fell into severe bilirubinemia (66 mg/dl) and anuria, and died on 19th day after operation. A positive Coombs test in a patient who has been transfused recently must be interpreted with great caution. The "coated" cells may be incompatible donor cells in a patient who has antibodies from a prior transfusion. The incompatibility occasionally leads to delayed transfusion reaction that may stimulate "autoimmune" hemolytic anemia.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1990

[Prevalence of anti-human parvovirus antibody in pregnant women].

Human parvovirus B19 (B19) has been shown to be associated with erythema infectiosum. Recently, it was reported that when a pregnant woman is infected with B19, the fetus in her uterus sometimes becomes hydropic and results in a stillbirth. But no epidemiologic study of pregnant women in Japan has been performed yet. We have established an in vitro propagation system of B19 virions and an assay system for detecting anti-B19 antibody by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) staining. We examined the positive rate of anti-B19 antibody among 337 normal blood donors, 329 normal pregnant women, 23 early aborted women and 24 non-immune hydrops fetalis cases by IF staining. The positive rate for anti-B19 IgG among normal blood donors increased with age. It was 22% aged 21 to 30, 44% aged 31 to 40, 65% aged 41 to 50, and 76% aged 51 to 60, respectively. Anti-B19 IgG was detected in 33% of 329 of normal pregnant women. The anti-B19 IgG positive rate was 26% in pregnant women in their twenties and 44% in those in their thirties. There was a significant difference between the two generations. The results show that more than half the women in their twenties and thirties risk B19-infection during pregnancy. Nine of twenty-three early aborted women were positive for anti-B19 antibody. Among six pregnant women who were positive for anti-B19 IgM, four delivered normal babies and the others aborted artificially or spontaneously. Anti-B19 IgG and IgM of twenty four non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) were examined and four cases were found to be anti-B19 IgG positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

Hematologic evaluation of growth retarded fetus by cordocentesis.

Fetal blood sampling by ultrasound-guided cordocentesis was performed in 22 IUGR fetuses in order to evaluate the fetal condition. All patients were referred to our hospital for further examination and management. In addition to hematological assessment we measured the velocity profiles of the umbilical artery with pulse-gated Doppler equipment. On the whole, pH and pO2 in the umbilical vein of IUGR fetuses were significantly lower and pCO2 higher, respectively, the corresponding values in controls. In particular, IUGR fetuses which had an etiology of maternal pre-eclampsia had fallen into hypoxemia. However, other laboratory values in IUGR did not differ from those of the controls except for the platelet count, which was low in the IUGR fetuses. Five fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities were found by analyzing the fetal blood. Since there are different etiologies inducing IUGR, fetus and umbilical artery velocimetry is not always predictive of the state of the IUGR fetus, hematological assessment is considered indispensable for further management.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1990

[Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma: a report of 2 cases].

We report 2 cases of renal cell carcinoma which rarely occur as multilocular cystic masses. By means of echography, both cases were discovered as abnormal shadows occupying the middle portion of the left kidney. Using computerized tomography and selected renal arteriography, we tried to obtain an accurate diagnosis, but few specific malignant findings were gained. Finally, we made the histopathological diagnosis. In addition, we concluded by careful pathological examination that they were multilocular cystic growths. It was difficult to differentiate them preoperatively from multilocular cystic nephroma. Both patients are still alive without tumor recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of the lateral hypothalamic area-lesions on the development of gastric mucosal damages by water immersion restraint stress in rats].

The role of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in the development of gastric mucosal damages induced by water immersion restraint stress was evaluated in bilateral LHA-lesioned rats. The ulcer index of lesions (M +/- SEM, mm) was significantly higher in LHA-lesioned rats (21.6 +/- 2.8) than in both thalamus-lesioned rats (9.8 +/- 2.0) and non-treated rats (10.2 +/- 1.5). The gastric acid and pepsin outputs during water immersion for 5 hours were significantly lower in the LHA-lesioned rats than in both the control rats. In the LHA-lesioned rats, PAS-positive mucus content of gastric corpus without lesions was significantly decreased after water immersion restraint stress for 5 hours. All these results suggest that lateral hypothalamic area plays an important role in the process of stress ulcer formation mainly through the disturbance of mucosal defensive mechanism such as changes in gastric mucus contents.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical study of iohexol in excretory urography].

Excretory urography was performed using iohexol (Omnipaque 300 and Omnipaque 350) on 388 patients requiring urography in the Department of Urology, Nagoya University School of Medicine and 10 affiliated hospitals. Adverse reactions were observed in 3 cases (0.8%), but they were all mild. Good image efficacy was obtained in more than 95% of the patients injected 20 ml, 40 ml, and 100 ml of Omnipaque 300 and 40 ml of Omnipaque 350. There was no difference in the results of image efficacy between 40 ml (Omnipaque 300) and 100 ml (Omnipaque 300) groups. Therefore, the use of 40 ml of Omnipaque 300 for excretory urography was considered to be a very useful screening method for the urinary tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Analysis of subsets of colonic mucosal lymphocyte in ulcerative colitis by two color flow cytometry].

To assess how the immunological events occur in the colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis, it is thought to be important to evaluate the subpopulations and/or subsets of mucosal lymphocytes. In this point of view, we assayed those by lymphocyte isolation techniques and two color flow cytometry. Although our results showed no disease-specific abnormalities of the percentages of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, and HLA-DR (+) cells in PBL (peripheral blood lymphocyte) nor CML (colonic mucosal lymphocyte), these subsets of CML appeared to be altered according to the grade of severity of inflammation. In our cases, the HLA-DR (+) cell and CD4 population were larger in severely inflamed mucosa. Furthermore, fluorescence intensities of HLA-DR antigen of CD20 population in CML were greater than those in PBL. These results suggest that the B cell-mediated mechanisms may play an important role in maintaining the severe inflammation, and the clinical significance of these studies are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of proliferative cells in colorectal carcinomas and adenomas by monoclonal antibody to DNA polymerase alpha].

DNA polymerase alpha is an endogenous DNA replication enzyme expressed in all cells in a proliferation cycle. An immunoperoxidase method and the monoclonal antibody to DNA polymerase alpha were used to identify proliferating cells in colorectal carcinomas (n = 35) and adenomas (n = 43). The labeling index (L.I.) in colorectal carcinomas was 51.6%, being significantly higher than 28.6% in adenomas. The L.I. in colorectal carcinomas correlated with clinical staging (stage I: 33.1%, stage II and III: 49.5%, stage IV and V: 66.9%). Furthermore, the L.I. had a tendency to elevate as carcinoma deeply invaded (pm: 25.8%, ss-s or a1-a2: 52.2%, si or ai: 67.5%). The L.I. in adenoma was related to the degree of atypia. The L.I. in adenomas with mild atypia, with moderate atypia, and cancer in adenoma were 18.3%, 31.5%, and 47.0%, respectively. And the L.I. of cancer in adenoma had no significant difference in advanced carcinomas (47.0% vs 51.6%). These results suggest that the L.I. is useful as a marker for evaluating the degree of biological malignancy of human colorectal carcinomas and the degree of histopathological atypia of adenomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Immunohistochemical studies on the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human colorectal cancers].

The expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was studied immunohistochemically in a total of 92 human colorectal cancers to examine whether EGF was expressed in relation to its degrees of malignancy. Significantly high incidence of EGF was observed in advanced cancers than in early cancers. In the tissues of advanced cancers, tumor cells having EGF-immunoreactivity tended to be more frequently and intensely observed in deeply invasive tumor cells than in superficial tumor cells. Regarding macroscopic and histologic types, incidence of EGF-immunoreactivity was significantly higher in infiltrating types and in differentiated types than in localized types and in poorly differentiated types, respectively. Cases with poor prognosis and in advanced stages showed high positive rate of EGF-immunoreactivity. These results suggest that the expression of EGF may serve as a biologic marker for the degree of malignancy in human colorectal cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Indomethacin blocks the anorexic action of interleukin-1.

It has been reported recently that the central nervous system actions of interleukin-1 are mediated by the prostaglandin system in the brain. The present study was therefore performed in order to examine the hypothesis that indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, might alleviate the interleukin-1-induced suppression of food intake in rats. The i.p. injection of interleukin-1 (2 micrograms/rat) resulted in a significant decrease in food intake. The pre-injection of indomethacin (0.5 mg/rat), however, completely blocked the anorexic action of the monokine, while indomethacin on its own did not affect food intake. These results suggested that indomethacin might be clinically useful for improvement of the anorexic state of patients with acute infectious diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Interleukin-1 inhibits the secretion of gastric acid in rats: possible involvement of prostaglandin.

To examine the hypothesis that interleukin-1 may inhibit the secretion of gastric acid, the present study was carried out using pylorusligated rats. Based upon three lines of evidence, we report here that interleukin-1, both endogenously released and exogenously administered, suppresses gastric acid secretion and that the interleukin-1-induced inhibition of acid output is possibly mediated by prostaglandin. First, lipopolysaccharide, a potent stimulant of the release and production of endogenous interleukin-1, caused the suppression of gastric acid, and this response was dose-related. Second, the intraperitoneal injection of interleukin-1 resulted in a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid output. Third, the administration of indomethacin completely blocked the suppression of gastric acid secretion induced by interleukin-1. These results demonstrated for the first time that IL-1 might be involved in the regulation of gastric secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of DNA rearrangements of N-myc gene amplification in three neuroblastoma cell lines by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

We characterized N-myc gene amplification in three human neuroblastoma cell lines (IMR-32, TGW, GOTO). Rearrangements in long-range regions surrounding amplified N-myc genes were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Since rare-cutting enzymes completely digested DNA at the middle of the N-myc gene, we were able to construct a physical map upstream and downstream of the germline N-myc gene, and to obtain information on restriction sites surrounding amplified N-myc genes. This method enables us to envisage the organization of amplified units over a long range. Digestion patterns differed considerably among the germline and the three cell lines, but were simple in each case. We estimated that the minimal distance between neighboring N-myc genes is at least several hundred kilobases. Our data suggest that amplification units contain several DNA fragments derived from different loci, but that they are homogeneous.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Clinical evaluation of sizofiran combined with irradiation in patients with cervical cancer. A randomized controlled study; a five-year survival rate.

Following a previous report we ascertained the effectiveness of sizofiran (Schizophyllan:SPG) to prolong the survival and time to recurrence of the patients with Stage II or III cervical cancer, as evaluated in a 5-year randomized controlled study conducted in 19 institutions in Japan. Of the overall patients with Stage II or III cancer, time to recurrence and survival rate in the group on SPG were significantly longer than in the control group. In the Stage II patients, there was significant difference in time to recurrence, and survival of SPG group tended to be longer than that of the control group. However, in the Stage III patients, there was no significant difference in either time to recurrence or survival rate.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Morphological, biochemical and autoradiographic studies of pancreatic acinar cell necrosis and its regeneration induced by 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide in rats.

A single intravenous injection of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide (4-HAQO) induced a dose-dependent diffuse pancreatic acinar cell necrosis within 48 hours after the administration in rats. Regeneration following the necrosis ensued by 72 hours. The serum amylase levels were markedly elevated within 24 hours, which paralleled a decrease of digestive enzyme contents in the pancreas. The change of these biochemical parameters corresponded well with the morphological change of the pancreas. Autoradiographic studies with 3H-thymidine revealed that the labeling index of the regenerating acinar cells was considerably higher, reaching a peak value of nearly 18.2% at 72 hours after injection of 4-HAQO and it still remained high in 2.67% even at 168 hours after injection.

4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide↗
PubMed1989

Adjuvant immunotherapy: two randomized controlled studies of patients with cervical cancer.

In order to prolong the survival of patients with cervical cancer, adjuvant immunotherapy was undertaken in Japan. The result of two randomized controlled studies using biological response modifiers such as OK-432 or sizofiran are described. The three-year recurrence-free rates of 221 patients in the OK-432 group and 161 patients in the control group were 71.9% and 58.6%, respectively. The intergroup difference was statistically significant. Of all the patients with Stage II or III cancer, time to recurrence and survival rate in 99 patients in the sizofiran group were significantly longer than in 96 patients in the control, evaluated at 5 years. Based on the results of the 2 randomized controlled studies, we conclude that adjuvant immunotherapy is very useful for prolonging the survival of patients with cervical cancer.

Biological Products↗