Atrial natriuretic peptide in hyperthyroidism: effect of beta-adrenergic blockade.
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Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
Biomedical subjects
K Okamura
Publications and source records attributed to K Okamura.
Inhibition of gastric pepsin secretion by peripherally or centrally injected interleukin-1 in rats.
The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) on gastric pepsin secretion in conscious pylorus-ligated rats. The intraperitoneal (ip) injection of IL-1 resulted in a dose-related inhibition of gastric pepsin output. The intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of IL-1 similarly reduced pepsin secretion at 100 times smaller doses than ip IL-1, suggesting that this inhibitory action of IL-1 is mediated by the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, it was found that the antisecretory action of IL-1, both peripherally and centrally administered, lasted throughout the periods observed (2 hr through 8 hr after injection). These results strongly indicate that IL-1 is involved in the CNS regulation of gastric secretion, especially under certain pathophysiological conditions which activate the immune system to release various cytokines including IL-1.
Animals↗
The proportions of fiber types in human external urethral sphincter: electrophoretic analysis of myosin.
The proportions of fast and slow myosin molecules in external urethral sphincter specimens from ten urodynamically normal male bladder carcinoma patients were estimated from the contents of fast and slow myosin light chains in two-dimensional electrophoretic gels. The percentages of fast and slow myosin molecules ranged from 5.0% to 61.4% with a mean of 35.5% and from 38.6% to 95.0% with a mean of 65.5% respectively. It is therefore concluded that the human external urethral sphincter is composed of both fast and slow muscle fibers as well as other voluntary muscles. The human external urethral sphincter is considered to be a highly fatigue-resistant muscle with a very high proportion of slow muscle fibers. In the cases studied so far, there is a great diversity in the proportions of fast and slow myosin molecules; the reason for this remains unknown.
Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional↗
Conformational analysis of xyloglucans.
Xyloglucan isolated from the elongating regions of pea stems was examined using X-ray diffraction and energy calculations. The X-ray fibre pattern suggested that the backbone (1----4)-beta-D-glucan takes an extended two-fold helix similar to common cellulose. In order to study side chains (xylosyl or fucosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl residues) of the polysaccharide, energetically preferable conformations were searched by calculation of interactions between non-bonded atom pairs. A stepwise calculation for the conformation of fucosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl residue gave 10 allowed area (phi-psi) maps which are useful to deduce xyloglucan conformations of both monocotyledons and dicotyledons in the walls of growing plant cells.
Carbohydrate Conformation↗
Growth fractions of transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder defined by the monoclonal antibody Ki-67.
We used an immunohistochemical technique with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67, which recognizes nuclear antigen expressed in proliferating cells to determine the growth fractions of 5 normal mucosa specimens and 55 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder. Normal mucosa had a mean value of 0.37 +/- 0.35% cells positive for Ki-67, whereas 9 histological grade 1 tumors showed 2.2 +/- 1.5%, 31 grade 2 tumors averaged 10.1 +/- 7.5% and 15 grade 3 tumors yielded 19.5 +/- 9.0%. These values were significantly different from each other (p less than 0.01), with Ki-67 indexes for grade 2 varying from 0.3 to 24.6%. Nonpapillary tumors had significantly higher indexes than papillary tumors (20.1 +/- 8.0 versus 6.7 +/- 5.9, p less than 0.01). The Ki-67 indexes were 4.6 +/- 4.5% for stage Ta (20 cases), 7.8 +/- 4.7% for stage T1 (14) and 20.2 +/- 7.8% for stages equal to or higher than T2 (21). Significant differences were noted between stages Ta and T1 (p less than 0.05) and between stages T1 and T2 or greater (p less than 0.01). Tumors with muscle layer invasion often showed more than 15% Ki-67 positive cells. Our results imply that Ki-67 indexes not only provide objective information to determine a malignant potential but also help to select the treatment.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Serum lipid levels in thyroid dysfunction with special reference to transient elevation during treatment in hyperthyroid Graves' disease.
Lipid metabolism was examined in patients with hyper- or hypothyroidism. Compared with corresponding age and sex matched controls, serum total cholesterol (T-chol), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol), phospholipid (PL) and LDL levels were significantly low and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were high with apparently normal triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) levels in 61 hyperthyroid patients, while T-chol, LDL-chol, TG, PL, VLDL and LDL levels were high with normal FFA and HDL-chol levels in 31 hypothyroid patients. Serum lipid levels were then repeatedly measured in 7 men and 7 women with hyperthyroid Graves' disease before treatment (stage I), just after the patients became euthyroid with anti-thyroid drug (stage II) and more than 2 months after the patients remained euthyroid (stage III). Serum T-chol, LDL-chol, PL and LDL levels were low at stage I, significantly elevated at stage II and then normalized at stage III. Transient but significant elevation of serum TG, VLDL and HDL-chol levels at stage II were also observed in men. Accelerated catabolism and anabolism of lipid has been reported in hyperthyroidism. Transient elevation of serum lipid levels suggests a more rapid improvement in catabolism than in anabolism of lipid in an early stage of the medical treatment for hyperthyroidism.
Adult↗
Immunohistochemical localization of c-myc oncogene product and EGF receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Subcellular distribution of c-myc oncogene product and EGF receptor in oral squamous cell carcinomas was examined by using immunohistochemical method. Immunohistochemy for c-myc oncogene showed three staining patterns. Reactive products were demonstrable in the nucleus, in the perinuclear cytoplasm with granular appearance and in the entire cytoplasm. Concomitant stainings of each reactive pattern were observed. Occasionally, the reactive product was strongly deposited on the chromatin under mitotic phase. EGF receptor positive cases were found in only 4 of 28 cases. Though reactive products were usually found in the cytoplasm, the cell surface staining was detected in the only one case. In this case, cells under mitotic phase were strongly stained. The fact that the strong staining both of c-myc and EGF receptor in cells under mitotic phase suggested the close relation between the expression of these genes and the proliferation of carcinoma cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Catecholamine levels and their correlation to blood gases in umbilical venous blood obtained by cordocentesis.
The plasma catecholamine concentration was evaluated in umbilical venous blood obtained by cordocentesis performed in 77 fetuses for indications including: nonimmune hydrops; Rh incompatibility; intrauterine growth retardation; polyhydramnios; anomalies; immunological disorders, and possible viral infection. The pH as well as pO2 of the umbilical venous blood showed a notably significant negative correlation with the norepinephrine concentration (r = -0.5607, r = 0.4467); while pCO2 was also significantly correlated with the norepinephrine concentration (r = 0.4955). When the pCO2/pO2 ratio was tentatively put up for comparison, the ratio was undoubtedly better correlated (r = 0.60442) with the fetal norepinephrine concentration than any other biochemical variable. Moreover, the ratio over 2.0 suggests that fetal catecholamine values have reached abnormal levels.
Carbon Dioxide↗
Goitrous hypothyroidism with blocking or stimulating thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulins.
The significance of thyrotropin-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) was evaluated in goitrous hypothyroidism associated with chronic thyroiditis (serum TSH greater than 10 mU/L, n = 148). TBII was measured by a RRA, and thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSab) and thyroid-stimulation-blocking antibody (TSBab) were determined using porcine thyroid cells. The prevalence of patients having TBII was 11% or 7.4% of 148 patients, which was not significantly different from that of 5% or 9.6% of 52 patients with atrophic thyroiditis. Although TBII was shown to be TSBab in 6, TSab was found in the other 5 patients despite hypothyroidism. There was little correlation between severity of hypothyroidism and TBII or TSBab activity. One patient continued to be latently hypothyroid despite apparently positive TSBab. Five other patients with TSBab and 2 patients with TSab suffered from overt, irreversible hypothyroidism, and 2 of the patients with TSBab continued to be hypothyroid even after the disappearance of TSBab. Biopsy of the thyroid gland performed in 4 patients revealed severely damaged thyroid follicles with mononuclear cell infiltration with or without fibrosis. Three of the patients with TSab had been taking excess iodine, and recovery of thyroid function was observed after iodine restriction. A perchlorate discharge test performed in two of these patients was positive, suggesting an iodide organification defect. These results indicate that, although TBII is not infrequently found in goitrous hypothyroidism, cellular or chemical damage of the thyroid gland plays an important role in the pathogenesis of thyroid hypofunction and TSBab may only have a precipitating role.
Adult↗
Scopadulcic acid B, a new tetracyclic diterpenoid from Scoparia dulcis L. Its structure, H+, K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase inhibitory activity and pharmacokinetic behaviour in rats.
The structure of scopadulcic acid B (2, SDB), a major ingredient of the Paraguayan herb "Typychá kuratũ" (Scoparia dulcis L.), was elucidated mainly by comparison of its spectral data with that of scopadulcic acid A (1). SDB inhibited both the K(+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of a hog gastric proton pump (H+, K(+)-ATPase) with a value of 20-30 microM for IC50 and proton transport into gastric vesicles. Pharmacokinetic studies of SDB in rats indicated that plasma SDB concentrations after i.v. injection of the sodium salt of SDB (SDB-Na) were described reasonably well by a two-compartment open model with Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics. Plasma concentrations after oral administration of SDB-Na or SDB showed a much slower decline than what was expected following the i. v. study. It was suggested that the sustained plasma level of SDB after oral administration of SDB-Na or SDB was accounted for by relatively slow but efficient gastro-intestinal absorption in rats.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Tuberculous thyroiditis and miliary tuberculosis manifested postpartum in a patient with thyroid carcinoma.
Right nodular goiter with diffuse miliary shadow on chest roentgenogram was found in a postpartum febrile woman. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed tuberculous granuloma and acid-fast bacilli were found by aspiration cytology of the thyroid. Although chemotherapy was effective, the thyroid nodule remained palpable and the serum thyroglobulin level remained high. Subtotal thyroidectomy revealed papillary carcinoma associated with tuberculosis and lymph nodes metastasis. This seems to be the first case report of a patient with tuberculous thyroiditis, coexisting with thyroid carcinoma, diagnosed by aspiration cytology and treated prior to surgery.
Adult↗
Biochemical evaluation of fetus with hypoxia caused by severe preeclampsia using cordocentesis.
Biochemical evaluation of the fetus using cordocentesis was performed in sixteen pregnant women with severe preeclampsia. In addition, FHR monitoring and Doppler flow velocimetry of the umbilical artery were examined in these cases before the cordocentesis. Other than blood gas and routine hematologic and biochemical examinations, catecholamine and hypoxanthine concentrations were also evaluated in some cases. According to the results it is obvious that the fetus of mother with severe preeclampsia is exposed to hypoxemia with the delta pO2, the difference from the mean in each gestation, of -22 mmHg. Especially, the prognosis of the severely growth-retarded babies with pO2 below 10 mmHg, or delta pO2 30 mmHg lower than the mean standard value, is poor. Among 16 babies, 4 with severe hypoxia or acidosis and growth retardation died perinatally. In contrast, severely growth-retarded babies without hypoxia or acidosis were alive. Since neither FHR monitoring nor Doppler velocimetry always reflect biochemical values of the fetus of a severe preeclamptic mother, hence the precise evaluation of fetal condition using cordocentesis is indispensable to determine the timing of the delivery and to prevent the neurological sequelae caused by hypoxia, especially when the fetal growth is retarded.
Adult↗
Recovery of the thyroid function in patients with atrophic hypothyroidism and blocking type TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulin.
The prognosis of atrophic hypothyroidism with blocking type TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin was studied. Among 45 patients (16 males and 29 females) with overt hypothyroidism (serum TSH greater than 40 mU/l) without goitre, thyroid autoantibody to microsomal antigen was positive in 38 or 84.4%, and 4 or 8.9% had TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin, which was shown to be a TSH-stimulation blocking antibody by cAMP production assay using cultured porcine thyroid cells. Thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake was low and thyroid hormone replacement therapy was required. Long-term follow up of 2 patients with strongly positive TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin for 2 to 7 years, however, revealed recovery of the thyroid function after steroid therapy or spontaneously with iodide restriction, respectively, correlating with decrease in both TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin and TSH-stimulation blocking antibody activities. Thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake became normal and histological examination of the thyroid in one patient revealed well-preserved thyroid follicles with lymphocytic infiltration. Recovery of thyroid function can be expected with a decrease in TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin activity in atrophic hypothyroidism, which is not necessarily the end stage of chronic thyroiditis.
Adolescent↗
[Choroid plexus involvement in malignant lymphoma. Case report].
Involvement of the choroid plexus by malignant lymphoma is rare. This case showed mass lesions at the choroid plexus in the first stage of systemic non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma. A 53-year-old female was admitted with headache, diplopia, and gait disturbance. The patient was alert but had left supraclavicular and axially lymph node swelling. Computed tomography scan revealed enhanced masses at the lateral and fourth ventricles. The lymph node biopsy disclosed non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma, diffuse large cell type. The immunological marker was the B-cell type. At surgery, there was highly vascular white tumor at the choroid plexus of the right lateral ventricle. The tumor also involved adjacent brain tissue. Pathological examination revealed infiltration of lymphoma cells to the choroid plexus. The subependymal and perivascular spaces of the choroid plexus were filled with lymphoma cells. Virchow-Robin space and white matter of adjacent brain tissue were also involved by lymphoma. After surgery, whole brain irradiation of 35 Gy and chemotherapy were performed. However, 14 months after initial diagnosis, the patient expired because of systemic involvement by the lymphoma.
Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms↗
Site-specific formation of gastric ulcers by the electric stimulation of the left or right gastric branch of the vagus nerve in the rat.
The present study was conducted to investigate the role of the parasympathetic nervous system innervating the stomach in gastric ulcer formation, with special reference to its neuroanatomic characteristics in rats. First, the effects of electric vagal stimulation on the gastric mucosa were examined. The electric stimulation of the left or right gastric branch of the vagus nerve caused gastric mucosal lesions to develop. Interestingly, however, gastric lesions were found on the anterior wall in the rats that had received electric stimulation to the left gastric branch of the vagus nerve and on the posterior wall in the rats that had received stimulation to the right gastric branch. Next, the cells of origin projecting to the left or right gastric branch of the vagus nerve were identified by means of a horseradish peroxidase retrograde tracer method. The left and right gastric branches were found to be innervated by the left and right dorsal motor nuclei of the vagus nerve in the medulla oblongata, respectively. It has been reported that the left and right dorsal motor nuclei of the vagus nerve separately innervate the anterior or posterior gastric wall. The present results, therefore, suggest that the long-lasting excitation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus facilitates the site-specific formation of gastric ulcers through the left or right gastric branch of the vagus nerve.
Animals↗
[Statistical study of tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter].
We reviewed data from 62 patients with epithelial tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter who were hospitalized and treated at Nagoya University Hospital between July, 1970 and June, 1988. Of the 62 patients, 50 were males and 12 were females, the ratio being 4.2:1. The mean age was 62.1 years, the ages ranging from 41 to 87 years. The peak incidence of tumors was marked in the sixth decade for the males and in the seventh decade for the females. Eighty-two percent of the patients were 50 years of age or older. Smoking habits were noted in 76.0 percent of the males and in 16.7 percent of the females. Asymptomatic macrohematuria, found in 43 patients, was the most frequent symptom. Ninety percent of the 62 tumors were transitional cell carcinoma. Twenty-five patients (40.3%) had concomitant bladder cancer, which was previously diagnosed in 3, simultaneously found in 9, and subsequently developed in 16. Twenty-nine patients had tumors localized in the renal pelvis and eighteen in the ureter; the remaining fifteen had tumors localized in two or three organs, including the renal pelvis, ureter and bladder. Histological grades of ureteral tumors were significantly higher than those of renal pelvic tumors. The sensitivity of urinary cytology was 57.8 percent. High-grade tumors had higher sensitivity than low-grade tumors. Larger tumors (greater than 3 cm in diameter) were significantly associated with high-stage tumors, whereas no apparent correlation was found between tumor size and histological grade. Nonpapillary growth of tumor and vascular invasion were significantly related with high-stage and high-grade tumors; diffuse pattern of tumor infiltration was associated with high-stage tumors.
Adult↗
[Renal cell carcinomas. Clinical studies on diagnostic opportunities].
We clinically investigated 150 subjects suffering from renal cellular cancers as to their diagnostic opportunities. They underwent medical treatment after being hospitalized in the urology section of Gunma University from 1961 to 1988. We divided the cases into two groups to be compared: 63 cases in the first period (1961 to 1979) before introduction of ultrasound (US) and scan (CT), and 87 cases in the second period (1980 to 1988) after introduction of the above devices. The number of patients increased in the second period, year by year. Evaluation of symptoms indicated that 62 of the 63 cases in the first period belonged to the suspected category; the remaining one (1.6%) belonged to the incidental category, but its diagnosis followed intravenous pyelography (IVP). Out of the 87 cases in the second period, 29 (33.3%) belonged to the incidental category which was recognized to be increasing; 19 cases were diagnosed based on US findings, and 6 cases on CT. Concerning prognosis, a significantly favorable prognosis was indicated for the second-period cases as compared with those of the first period, from the statistical point of view. With respect to progressive degree and prognosis of 58 suspected cases and 29 incidental cases in the second period, statistically there were significantly more cases of low grade and, therefore, with favorable prognosis in the latter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Arabinosylxylotriose mixedly esterified with acetic and ferulic acids from sugar cane bagasse.
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Acetates↗