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Biomedical subjects

K Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohno.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Spin trapping of a free radical intermediate formed during microsomal metabolism of hydrazine.

A radical formed during oxidative metabolism of hydrazine in rat liver microsomes was spin-trapped with alpha-phenyl-t-butylnitrone. The trapped species was identified as hydrazine radical by comparison of its ESR parameters and mass spectrum with those of the adduct formed during CuCl2 catalyzed oxidation of hydrazine. The requirement for oxygen and NADPH in the microsomal oxidation and the occurrence of a typical binding spectrum by difference spectroscopy suggest the involvement of the participation of the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system in the formation of hydrazine radical which must be a precursor of diimide during microsomal oxidation of hydrazine.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Prediction of lung cancer spread and functional resectability by 133Xe radiospirometry.

Sixty-six patients with primary lung cancer who underwent thoracotomy were studied to determine the correlations among 133Xe radiospirometry, surgical procedures and histological extension of the lung cancer. Disturbance in the regional perfusion (Q per cent) was more prominent than disturbance of the regional ventilation (V per cent), as the pathological stage and t factor proceeded, while V per cent and Q per cent were disturbed almost equally in relation to the pathological n factor. Lobectomy was impossible in patients with a Q per cent of less than 33 per cent of the total, but low perfusion did not necessarily contraindicate surgery. The predicted postoperative FEV1.0 was calculated according to the equation of (1-b/a x (V per cent or Q per cent)) x (preoperative FEV1.0), where a and b were the number of subsegments in the lung lobes on the involved side and the resected lobe. The predicted and actually measured postoperative FEV1.0 showed significant correlations (less than 0.001) in both equations. We conclude that Q per cent reflects a complex pattern of lung cancer spread more sensitively than does V per cent, and the significance of V per cent and Q per cent in terms of prediction of postoperative EFV1.0 seems to be equivocal.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Microdetermination of serum D-amino acids.

A method for the quantitative determination of serum D-amino acids in the range 0.5-20 nmol is described. In the method alpha-keto acids, derived from D-amino acids by D-amino acid oxidase, are measured as hydrazones. The method is unresponsive to the presence of a large excess of L-amino acids. It allows a fast assay in a small amount of specimen (0.1 ml), with good reproducibility and accuracy.

Alanine↗
PubMed1985

Effects of rifampicin and phenobarbital on the fate of isoniazid and hydrazine in vivo in rats.

After the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of isoniazid (INH) to male Wistar rats, the liver and plasma levels of hydrazine (Hz) and acetylhydrazine (AcHz), which are hazardous metabolites of INH and well known as mutagens, carcinogens and hepatotoxins, were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The levels of Hz in rifampicin (RMP)- or phenobarbital (PB)-pretreated groups were lower than those in the control group, while the amount of AcHz was scarcely altered. In each of the pretreated groups a pronounced increase in the oxidative elimination rate of Hz was observed. These results are of important toxicological significance in INH therapy with RMP, since an active intermediate of Hz seems to be a hepatotoxin.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1985

Myasthenia gravis in elderly patients.

The clinical features and the effect of thymectomy were compared between 27 elderly patients (Group 2) and 119 young adult patients (Group 1) with myasthenia gravis (MG). In the elderly group, MG was type I in 3 patients, type IIA in 6, type IIB in 17, and type III in 1; and in the young group, type I in 6, type IIA in 36, type IIB in 73, and type III in 4. The association rate with autoimmune disease in patients without thymoma was 12.5% (1/8) in Group 2 and 21.3% (20/94) in Group 1. Autoimmune diseases were not seen in any patients with thymoma. The clinical stage of thymoma was not significantly different between the two groups. The rates of remission and of palliation at 3 years after thymectomy were 18.2% and 72.7%, respectively, in Group 2 patients with thymoma, 21.4% and 78.6% in Group 1 patients with thymoma, 50% and 100% in Group 2 patients without thymoma, and 50% and 98.1% in Group 1 patients without thymoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Recurrence of thymoma: clinicopathological features, therapy, and prognosis.

Factors influencing the recurrence or persistence of thymoma after therapy were investigated in 127 patients with thymoma, including 75 with thymoma and myasthenia gravis. The rate of recurrence or persistence was 19% (24 of 127 patients) overall, 11% (8 of 75 patients) in myasthenic thymoma, and 31% (16 of 52 patients) in nonmyasthenic thymoma. The more advanced the clinical stage, the higher the rate of recurrence or persistence. The recurrence/persistence rate for patients with the same clinical stage was higher in those with nonmyasthenic thymoma (8% in Stage I, 11% in Stage II, 36% in Stage III, and 75% in Stage IV) than in those with myasthenic thymoma (0 in Stage I, 13% in Stage II, 18% in Stage III, and 20% in Stage IV). The prognosis for patients having subtotal resection of tumor was good in myasthenic thymoma (recurrence/persistence rate, 17%) in contrast with nonmyasthenic thymoma (recurrence/persistence rate, 78%). These results suggest that nonmyasthenic thymoma is more malignant than myasthenic thymoma. Postoperative radiotherapy was effective in preventing the recurrence or persistence of thymoma after therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A method for predicting postoperative lung function and its relation to postoperative complications in patients with lung cancer.

We predicted the postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) with a formula based on the premise that the total number of subsegments was 42: postop FEV1 = [1 - (b - n)/(42 - n)] (preop FEV1), where n and b are the number of obstructed subsegments and total subsegments, respectively, in the resected lobe. It was assumed that b was 6, 4, and 12 in the right upper, middle, and lower lobes, respectively, and 10 each in the left upper and the left lower lobes. The obstructed subsegments, n, were obtained from the findings on bronchography or bronchofiberscopy or both before operation. The linear regression line derived from the correlation between predicted (x) and measured (y) FEV1 was y = 0.850x + 0.286 +/- 0.296 (standard error) (N = 52; r = 0.821; p less than 0.001). We calculated the predicted postoperative FEV1 in 188 patients with primary lung cancer. The predicted values were corrected with the regression equation just mentioned and then normalized by the patient's height and sex (%FEV1(p,c). The correlation between %FEV1(p,c) and the surgical risk was studied. Postoperative respiratory complications were inversely related to %FEV1(p,c), and a significantly high incidence of complications (p less than 0.05) was observed in those whose %FEV1(p,c) was less than 60% of predicted normal. In aged patients (65 years old or more) without complications, %FEV1(p,c) was 67.3 +/- 18.0%; it was 52.2 +/- 12.8% in those with respiratory trouble and 53.3% +/- 9.6% in those with circulatory complications. The difference between groups with and without complications was significant (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Lipid composition of the cerebral gray and white matter in a case with Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy.

When compared with an age-matched normal control and a Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) case, the patient with FCMD had an unusual ganglioside pattern in the cerebral gray matter. The total level of lipid-bound sialic acid in the cerebral gray matter was also slightly decreased. However, other lipid compositions of the cerebral gray and white matter were normal compared with those in the control case.

Brain Chemistry↗
PubMed1985

Variable radiosensitivity in fibroblasts from patients with tuberous sclerosis.

It has been reported that some of the cultured cell strains derived from patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS) showed hypersensitivity to gamma-rays or a radiomimetic chemical. Thirteen fibroblast cell strains from 11 patients with TS were examined for their sensitivity to x-rays as determined from their colony-forming ability. All strains derived from normal-appearing skin of patients, either sporadic or familial cases, showed sensitivity within the normal control range. Five cell strains originating from tumorous skin of 3 patients did not show hypersensitivity. It was concluded that the sensitivity to x-rays of cultured cells of TS is essentially normal. However, the mean D0 or D10 values of the strains from tumorous skin tended to be lower compared to those for normal skin of patients. In addition, we could confirm the hypersensitivity to x-rays in the cell strains of TS which had been shown to be hypersensitive to gamma-rays. These results appear to indicate that at least some of the cells of TS are liable to change to exhibit a hypersensitive trait in unknown acquired conditions.

Cell Line↗