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Biomedical subjects

K Ohashi

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohashi.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Sperm-immobilizing antibodies in serum, follicular fluid and ascites].

Antisperm antibodies appear to impair reproduction. Follicular fluids, ascites and sera taken at the time of oocyte recovery from patients undergoing gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) were examined for the presence of sperm immobilizing antibodies and their immunoglobulin classes were determined. Three out of ten patients were found to have sperm immobilizing antibodies in their sera. The immunoglobulin classes of the antibodies were IgG and/or IgM, and no IgA class antibodies were detected. The same classes of antibodies found in sera also existed in follicular fluids and ascites in these patients. Furthermore, titers of the antibodies in follicular fluids and ascites were consistent with those of patients' sera.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Identification and characterization of a human sperm coating antigen isolated from sperm cell membrane].

An antigenic spermatozoal polypeptide was identified from nonionic detergent solubilized membrane material of sperm cells by using a human seminal plasma specific rabbit antiserum. The radiolabeled sperm cell membrane preparation was subjected to gel filtration and gel fractions were assayed for the binding activity with antiseminal plasma antiserum. The immune complex of the peak fraction of the binding was applied on SDS-PAGE, and the antigen was estimated to be a single polypeptide of approximately 12,000 daltons. The inhibition assay of the binding revealed that the antigen is present in sperm, seminal plasma, and milk, but is absent from any other organs and tissues except male genital tracts. Seminal plasma showed the largest amount of the activity, suggesting that this antigen is a sperm coating antigen. In seminal plasma, the antigen molecule present in a large form with a molecular weight of approximately 50,000 daltons. The antigenicity was stable when treated with heat, acid, alkali and various protein denaturants. The characteristics of the present antigen are very similar to those of lactoferrin and ferrisplan, the other sperm coating antigens common to milk. However, they are quite different in molecular weight, and no cross reactivity was found between the present antigen and lactoferrin or ferrisplan.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1988

Application of lipid microsphere drug delivery system to steroidal ophthalmic preparation.

The applicability of a lipid microsphere drug delivery system to ophthalmic preparations was examined using a lipid microsphere containing hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate (HBP). 3H-labelled HBP ophthalmic suspension and 3H-labelled HBP lipid microsphere were applied to rabbit eyes, and the eyes were enucleated after 1 and 3 hours to determine 3H-labelled HBP levels in the ocular tissues. The lipid microsphere proved to deliver the drug to the anterior ocular tissues more significantly than the ophthalmic suspension. It is suggested that the lipid microsphere ophthalmic preparation of various lipophilic drugs including steroids may be useful as one of the drug delivery systems for ophthalmic therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Suppression of NK activity of spleen cells by chicken fetal antigen present on Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell line cells.

Chicken fetal antigen (CFA) expressed on the cell surface of Marek's disease (MD) lymphoblastoid cell line (MDCC-MSBI) cells was purified by affinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody (2H3). A 4-hr 51Cr release assay was performed using spleen cells as effector cells to investigate the role of the CFA in the immune response of chickens, especially in relation to natural killer (NK) activity. Spleen cells of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens showed reduced NK activity in the presence of CFA in vitro, as did those cells treated with MSBI soluble antigen. NK activity of spleen cells from chickens treated with CFA was also suppressed when compared to the cells from untreated or ovalbumin-treated chickens. In addition, MSBI clo. 18 transplantable tumors grew progressively in some of the 14-day-old chickens treated with CFA, whereas the tumors regressed in age-matched chickens with or without treatment by ovalbumin.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Sex differences in the densities of epidermal Langerhans cells of the mouse.

Cutaneous immune reactions are known to show sexual dimorphism. Langerhans cells (LCs) are bone marrow-derived immune cells in the epidermis and are essential to immune reactions in the skin. In the present research, a study was made of the differences in LC density of male and female mice. Epidermal sheets were separated from the skin of the glabrous part of hind limbs and ears of specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment and stained for adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. The density of LCs of hind limb epidermis in male C57BL/6 (823 +/- 20/mm2) and BALB/c (1689 +/- 66/mm2) mice was significantly less than that in females (1363 +/- 52/mm2, p less than 0.001; 2249 +/- 105/mm2, p less than 0.001, respectively). Langerhans cell density in the ears of male C57BL/6 (465 +/- 24/mm2) mice was also significantly less than that in females (542 +/- 17/mm2, p less than 0.02). Although ovariectomy failed to bring about any change in the LC density of hind limb epidermis in female C57BL/6 mice, the LC density in male C57BL/6 mice increased significantly at 4 weeks following orchiectomy (sham operation, 564 +/- 27/mm2; castration, 1179 +/- 49/mm2, p less than 0.001). These results indicate that mouse epidermal LC density depends on sex, i.e., male mice have fewer LCs than female mice. The reduction in LC density in males may possibly be caused by the testis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetics of idarubicin (4-demethoxydaunorubicin; IMI-30; NSC 256439) following intravenous and oral administration in patients with advanced cancer.

The plasma pharmacokinetics of idarubicin (4-demethoxydaunorubicin) were studied in 20 patients with advanced malignant disease after intravenous (21 occasions) and oral (14 occasions) administration. Idarubicin plasma concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated for the intravenous plasma drug concentration, time data revealed a terminal half-life of 12.9 +/- 6.0 h (mean +/- s.d.), clearance 98.7 +/- 47.3 1 h-1 m-2 and volume of distribution 1533 +/- 536 1 m-2. A bi-exponential equation corresponding to a two compartment open model best fitted the data. Half-life and clearance were not significantly different following oral administration. Bioavailability of oral idarubicin was 0.29 +/- 0.20 (mean +/- s.d.). There was a wide range of bioavailability between and within subjects. Plasma concentrations of idarubicinol (the only metabolite detected) rapidly exceeded those of the parent drug, and exposure to this metabolite was greater than to the parent drug. The mean half-life of idarubicinol was not significantly different after i.v. (63.1 +/- 28.2 h) and oral (45.8 +/- 16.0 h) administration. Much larger amounts of this metabolite were formed following the oral route of administration. This may have implications for the clinical use of this drug as idarubicinol may have appreciable cytotoxic activity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

The paradoxical adverse effect of verapamil for treating clinical paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

The intravenous administration of verapamil to 2 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) resulted in an induction of PSVT during a programmed electrophysiological stimulation study. Each patient had a documented episode of PSVT. Baseline programmed stimulation studies revealed neither induction of PSVT nor an atrial echo; however, PSVT was induced immediately after injecting verapamil (0.15 mg/kg) intravenously in both patients. In 1 patient, the study was repeated 2 days later and similar results were obtained. The serum concentration of verapamil when PSVT was induced was about 80 ng/ml in both cases. Clinicians using verapamil should note that this antiarrhythmic drug may aggravate PSVT, depending on critical changes in AV nodal conduction and refractoriness.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Diuretic and uricosuric effects of traxanox sodium in healthy subjects. Single dose study.

A new compound, 9-chloro-5-oxo-7-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-5H-[1]-benzopyrano[2,3- b]pyridine sodium salt pentahydrate (traxanox sodium, Y-12141) has been shown to exert uricosuric effect in animal experiments. This study was performed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects of this compound in healthy subjects by double-blind, cross-over comparison with placebo. The urine volume and urinary electrolytes increased significantly after single oral doses of 120 and 360 mg. Urinary excretion of uric acid tended to increase and serum uric acid decreased significantly. Traxanox sodium did not induce any significant change in blood pressure and pulse rate. These results suggest that traxanox sodium is a useful diuretic agent with uricosuric effect.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[ELISA for antisperm antibodies in unexplained infertile women].

It is commonly believed that autoimmune or isoimmune responses to human sperm antigens are associated with human infertility. We examined an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit used in the detection of antisperm antibodies in the sera of women with unexplained infertility. 1) For the ELISA assay, an absorbance at 405nm greater than 0.300 was considered positive. Of the 83 sera of infertile women studied, 20(24.1%) were positive. This value was significantly higher than that of the control group: 10% of pregnant women, 11.1% of unmarried women and 10% of healthy men (p less than 0.05). 2) The results obtained with ELISA were compared with those of the sperm immobilization test. Comparison of the results of ELISA with those of the sperm immobilization test indicated that these methods detect a different, though often overlapping, spectrum of antibody activity. 3) The results obtained with ELISA did not always correlate with those of the Huhner test. However the ELISA method may be useful in the clinical screening of antisperm antibodies because of its simplicity and rapidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

P-450(11beta)-dependent conversion of androgen to estrogen, the aromatase reaction.

Purified bovine adrenal P-450(11)beta has been shown to act as an aromatase which catalyzes conversion of 19-oxoandrostenedione to estrone. No conversions took place when any one of the required components such as NADPH, NADPH:adrenodoxin reductase, adrenodoxin and P-450(11)beta was omitted from the complete reconstituted system. P-450scc, another mitochondrial P-450 obtained from adrenal cortex, did not substitute for the P-450(11)beta in the aromatase reaction. These results show that P-450(11)beta is able to catalyze a series of reaction which can generate adrenal estrogen through androstenedione and its 19-hydroxy- and 19-oxo-derivatives. The P-450(11)beta-dependent reaction appears to be quite different from the placental aromatase reaction in that the latter is catalyzed by a microsomal P-450.

Androgens↗
PubMed1986

Change of choline metabolism in rat liver on chronic ethionine-feeding.

On chronic ethionine-feeding (0.1% DL-ethionine in 0.5% sucrose solution) for 2, 4 or 6 months, choline metabolism in rat hepatic cells was altered considerably, although RNA contents were virtually unchanged. Choline dehydrogenase activity in the hepatic mitochondrial fraction was suppressed by about 1/2 or 1/3, compared to its normal level, whereas choline kinase activity, which existed in the cytoplasmic fraction, was elevated more than 1.5-fold. The normal value for choline-metabolizing enzymes in terms of the choline dehydrogenase/choline kinase activity ratio was estimated to be about 70 under the defined conditions, while the average value of the activity ratio drastically changed to about 10-20 on chronic ethionine-feeding. The present results suggest that an alteration of hepatic choline-flux occurred, due both to an increase in choline kinase activity and to a counteractive decrease in choline dehydrogenase activity.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1986

Metastatic seminoma of the temporal bone.

Temporal bone metastasis of classic testicular seminoma is extremely rare in the English literature. Except for a clinical case report of seminoma in the temporal bone, to our knowledge there is no temporal bone pathology report of secondary seminoma. In the left temporal bone of the present case, tumor cell infiltration was found in the external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, middle ear cavity, tympanic and mastoid mucosa, tensor tympani muscle, and so on.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Aberrancy in immunogenicity and cell-surface expression of H-2 antigens on erythrocytes.

Immunogenicity for T cell-independent B-cell response assessed by splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response and cell-surface expression measured by laser flow cytometry of various class I H-2 antigens on mouse red blood cells (RBC) were compared. It was found that the order of magnitude of both immunogenicity and cell-surface expression on RBC is H-2Dd much greater than H-2Db greater than H-2Kd, H-2Kb. Furthermore, H-2d public antigens and H-2Ld antigens were neither immunogenic nor easily demonstrable on RBC. These findings contrasted with poor immunogenicity for PFC response (Nakashima et al. 1982, 1983) and proportionally strong expression of H-2 antigens on lymphoid cells. Immunogenicity and cell-surface expression of H-2Dd antigen on RBC were not shown to be controlled by the action of genes outside H-2D. It was therefore suggested that a number of H-2 antigens, including H-2Kd private, H-2Kb private, and H-2d public specificities are at least functionally defective on RBC. This is possibly due to the structural characteristics of the antigens. Since immunogenicity and cell-surface expression were in parallel, the expression of H-2 antigens on RBC must be dictated by a subset of B cells whose activity was assessed by PFC response. This finding supports the view that the H-2 molecules display a new category of activity which is different from their ability to activate T cells and depends on their expression on RBC.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of cefazolin and cephalothin in patients with cirrhosis.

The effects of liver disease on the pharmacokinetics and protein binding of cefazolin and cephalothin were studied in patients with cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis or normal liver function. The T1/2 and mean residence time of cefazolin were significantly shorter in cirrhosis. Cephalothin clearance was decreased by cirrhosis. Plasma protein binding of cefazolin, but not cephalothin was significantly reduced in cirrhosis. It is suggested that no dose reduction is necessary for either drug in severe hepatic impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Native connectin from porcine cardiac muscle.

Native connectin was isolated from porcine cardiac muscle using the method developed for the preparation of native connectin from chicken breast muscle (Kimura et al. (1984) J. Biochem. 96, 1947-1950). It was not necessary to keep cardiac muscle at 0 degrees C before preparation: the proteolysis of alpha-connectin to beta-connectin proceeded during the preparation of myofibrils. Cardiac connectin showed almost the same properties as those of skeletal muscle connectin: mobility in SDS gel electrophoresis, filamentous structure under an electron microscope, circular dichroism spectra, UV absorption spectra, and amino acid composition. Porcine cardiac connectin cross-reacted with antiserum against chicken breast muscle connectin as revealed by an immunoblot method. Immunoelectron microscopical observations revealed an abundance of connectin antigenic sites around the A-I junction area of cardiac myofibrils. Cardiac connectin also interacted with myosin and actin filaments at low ionic strengths to form aggregates. The extent of interaction was somewhat weaker in the case of cardiac connectin than skeletal muscle connectin, regardless of the origin of myosin and actin (porcine cardiac and rabbit skeletal muscles). In conclusion, cardiac connectin is very similar, but not identical to skeletal muscle connectin.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Further characterization of a human sperm coating antigen (gp12).

In our previous paper, we identified a novel sperm-coating antigen with molecular weight of approximately 12,000 daltons that is highly specific to sperm, seminal plasma, and milk from the plasma membrane fraction of human spermatozoa by using rabbit antiseminal plasma antiserum. In the present study, this 12,000-daltons component, termed gp12, has been investigated for its tissue distribution and antigenic stability. The largest amounts of the antigen are found in seminal plasma, although individual variation is rather high. In seminal plasma, the gp12 molecule presents in a large form with a molecular weight of approximately 50,000 daltons. Its antigenicity is stable when treated with acid, alkali, heat, and various protein denaturants.

Antigens, Surface↗