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Biomedical subjects

K Ohara

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohara.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Surgical treatment for carcinoma at the confluence of the major hepatic ducts.

During the period of November 1976 through October 1984, we have treated 46 patients with carcinoma at the confluence of the major hepatic ducts. Curative resection of the tumor (where no carcinoma cells at the margin of the resected portion were found macroscopically and microscopially), was performed upon ten patients, palliative resections were done in 11, palliative resection and intraoperative radiotherapy (IOR) in ten, bile duct drainage and IOR in three, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage in 12. Among the ten patients who underwent curative operation, five are living six to 104 months after operation while the remaining five died four to 72 months postoperatively. Of the 11 patients who underwent palliative resection, five are alive two to 22 months after operation and six died between four and 20 months after operation. For the ten patients with carcinoma in the advanced stages, palliative resection with IOR was performed. Eight patients died 20 days to 16 months after operation while two patients are alive 13 and 14 months after the procedure. Of the three patients who underwent drainage of the bile duct and IOR, two died three months after operation and one patient survived 34 months. Twelve patients underwent drainage of the bile duct only and all died after 13 months. To perform a curative operation for carcinoma located at the confluence of major hepatic ducts, it is necessary to resect the right or left lobe, including the caudate lobe, in many instances. For the patients with carcinoma in the advanced stages, the possibility of long term survival period after operation exists through the use of the combined techniques of IOR and palliative resection of the tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Phase II study of mitoxantrone in patients with acute leukemia].

A phase II study of acute leukemia with mitoxantrone (MIT) was conducted by the Tokai Blood Cancer Study Group. The drug efficacy was evaluable in 31 cases (14 of ALL and 17 of ANLL) out of 37 entered at 13 institutions. Five cases were for first induction remission and 26 cases for re-induction remission; ages ranged from 7 to 69 (median: 43); 18 males and 13 females. MIT dosage was intravenous injection of 3-6 mg/m2/day X 5 consecutive days as a rule. Of the 14 cases of ALL, 2 achieved CR and 3, PR; the efficacy rate was 36%. Of the 17 cases of ANLL, 4 achieved CR and 3, PR: the efficacy rate was 41%. Of the 5 first induction remission cases, 3 achieved CR, and 1, PR, the efficacy rate being 80%, whereas out of the 26 re-induction remission cases, 3 achieved CR, 5 PR, and the efficacy rate was 31%. In 3 of 6 cases of CR, large cumulative doses of anthracyclines such as DNR 140 mg plus ACR 410 mg, DNR 360 mg plus ADR 120 mg plus ADR 120 mg, and DNR 240 mg plus ADR 540 mg, had been administered previously in each case. As to complications, sepsis and other infections were observed at the rates of 15% and 32%, respectively, from which it was inferred that in therapy with mitoxantrone, leukopenia should be observed carefully. The major non-hematological toxicity was gastrointestinal symptoms, but the degree was mild. From the results of this trial, it was concluded that mitoxantrone was an effective form of therapy for acute leukemia. Further clinical trials on mitoxantrone in combination with other drugs are scheduled.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical experience with cefixime in the pediatric field].

Cefixime (CFIX) was given orally to 25 children with acute bacterial infections including 13 with acute tonsillitis, 1 with acute tonsillitis and cervical lymphadenitis, 1 with acute bronchitis, 5 with bronchopneumonia and 5 with urinary tract infection. Good to excellent clinical response was obtained in 23, and bacteriological response was obtained in 14 of the 16 children who underwent bacteriological tests. Side effects with soft stool or eosinophilia were observed in 1 child each. The flavor and odor of CFIX appeared to be well accepted by children. Our clinical experience has suggested the usefulness of this antibiotic for the treatment of various bacterial pediatric infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Facial granuloma associated with Trichosporon cutaneum infection.

A 23-year-old woman presented with Trichosporon cutaneum, which invaded deep into the dermis and subcutaneous tissue of the face and developed chronic granulomatous reactions. We postulated that the local use of an occlusive dressing with topical corticosteroid ointment in the early stage of the infection played a role in promoting the process of this opportunistic fungal infection. Antifungal chemotherapies, selected according to sensitivity testing to the isolated organism, were unsuccessful, mainly because of the acquired resistance of the organism to the chemical agent. Surgery was finally performed and a good result was obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Biomicroscopy of surface deposits resembling foreign-body giant cells on implanted intraocular lenses.

Deposits resembling foreign-body giant cells, which can be seen on specular reflex slit-lamp examination, were studied in vivo with a wide-field specular microscope using a low-power dipping cone lens in three cases of posterior chamber lens implantation. The deposits seen as iris pigment on routine examination showed two types of cell-like figures: round, bipolar or ameboid small figures with long branching processes and round, oval, or bizarre large figures. The large cell type had the pigment particles at the central or paracentral area and vacuole-like structures adjacent to the pigment particles. The specular photomicrographic characteristics were similar to those of fibroblast-like cells and foreign-body giant cells, which had been shown on the surfaces of extracted implanted intraocular lenses by the lens implant cytology technique.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The effects of multiple combination chemotherapy with vincristine, cyclophosphamide (Endoxan), methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and prednisolone (VEMFAH) for advanced breast cancer.

Thirty-eight patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with the 'VEMFAH' multiple-drug combination chemotherapy, consisting of vincristine (V), cyclophosphamide (Endoxan; E), methotrexate (M), 5-fluorouracil (F), adriamycin (A), and prednisolone (H). Disease response was evaluated by the UICC criteria. Among the 35 evaluable cases, 4 complete responses (CR), 23 partial responses (PR), 2 cases of no change (NC), and 6 of progressive disease (PD) were observed. The response rate (CR + PR) was 77.1%. The median duration of response was 52 weeks (8-192 weeks) or 12 months. In 32 patients who received more than two courses of therapy the 50% survival time of responders was 27.0 months, which was significantly longer than the 10.3 months of nonresponders (P less than 0.05). Except for 2 patients who developed myocardial damage, the therapy was never terminated because of side effects. Cumulative cardiotoxicity was not apparent in this study. This multiple-drug combination chemotherapy with 'VEMFAH' is concluded to be an effective treatment for advanced and disseminated breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Establishment and characterization of a new clonal strain derived from human benign gastric teratoma.

Various kinds of cell-types such as squamous epithelial cells, columnar epithelial cells, sarcomatous cells and fibroblast-like cells proliferated in vitro during the initial period of the primary culture from the human benign gastric tridermal teratoma. The fibroblast-like cells designated HOGT clonal strain were established from a single cell of primary cultures. The HOGT clonal strain grew well and 70 serial passages were successively carried out within 17 months. Although the HOGT cells are karyologically normal, when transplanted into the subcutis of nude mice they produced a benign tridermal teratoma. The results obtained from cell culture and heterotransplantation of teratoma strain enabled us to hypothesize that the graft (tridermal teratoma) in mice may arise from a pluripotent stem cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between sleep efficiency and urinary excretion of catecholamines in bed-rested humans.

The relationship between urinary excretion of catecholamines during sleep and sleep disturbance was examined in four healthy subjects who were confined to bed for approximately 1 week under an entrained condition. Polysomnographic recordings were made throughout the period of continuous bed rest. Free epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion were measured. Sleep efficiency, i.e., percentage of total sleep time over an allotted sleep period, was an indicator of sleep disturbance. All subjects showed a negative correlation between sleep efficiency and epinephrine excretion (average correlation coefficient -0.79, p less than 0.004). Norepinephrine excretion correlated negatively with sleep efficiency in only one subject, and the group average correlation coefficient of -0.28 was not significant. Circadian variations were observed in sleep efficiency and catecholamine excretion. Although epinephrine excretion was influenced by psychophysiological stress arising from the experimental conditions of forced bed rest, the correlation between sleep efficiency and epinephrine excretion remained stable and negative. The urinary excretion of epinephrine could be an effective indicator of sleep disturbance.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Lectin-binding sites in Paget's disease.

The presence and distribution of lectin-binding sites on neoplastic cells of Paget's disease was studied using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated peanut agglutinin (PNA), and FITC-conjugated wheatgerm agglutinin (WGA), and compared with such lectin-binding sites on keratinocytes, and cells of eccrine glands, apocrine glands, and mammary glands. Neoplastic cells of both mammary and extramammary Paget's disease showed cytoplasmic staining with both lectins. There were however fewer stained cells in mammary Paget's disease than in extramammary Paget's disease. The cytoplasmic staining of lectin-binding sites in cells of apocrine glands was in sharp contrast to the cell-surface staining seen on keratinocytes, or cells of eccrine glands or mammary glands. These results indicate that the lectin-binding sites of neoplastic cells of Paget's disease more closely resemble those of cells of apocrine glands than of keratinocytes, cells of eccrine glands or cells of mammary glands.

Apocrine Glands↗
PubMed1985

Presence and distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen and lectin-binding sites in benign apocrine sweat gland tumours.

The presence and distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and lectin-binding sites in benign apocrine sweat gland tumours was investigated using immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent techniques respectively. CEA was present in apocrine hidrocystoma, hidradenoma papilliferum, and syringocystadenoma papilliferum. The distribution pattern of CEA was indistinguishable in each of the three types of tumour. The distribution of lectin-binding sites was similar in all cases of a given type of neoplasm, and the staining patterns were similar but not identical in hidradenoma papilliferum and syringocystadenoma papilliferum. However, the distribution of lectin-binding sites in apocrine hidrocystoma was different. These results could be useful in elucidating the nature of the cells of origin of benign apocrine sweat gland tumours and providing a basis for their classification.

Adenoma, Sweat Gland↗