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Biomedical subjects

K Ohara

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohara.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Effects of pre-instilled mydriatics on the intraocular concentration and anti-inflammatory action of topical 0.1% pranoprofen (2)--Study on multiple dosing].

We studied the effects of multiple dosing and pre-instilled mydriatics (0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine) on the intraocular concentration and anti-inflammatory action of topical 0.1% pranoprofen (PPF) in rabbit eyes. PPF was applied in a single or multiple doses: 1 to 4 times consecutively at 5-minute intervals with or without pre-instilled mydriatics. PPF concentrations in the aqueous humor increased dose-dependently. The PPF concentrations also increased dose-dependently, and reached the maximal concentration by instillation 3 times in the presence of pre-instilled mydriatics, and the concentrations were 3.4 to 5.8 times higher than those without mydriatics. The PPF concentrations in the cornea, secondary aqueous, and iris-ciliary body increased in a dose-dependent manner, and the concentrations were higher in the presence of mydriatics. PPF reduced the protein rise in the secondary aqueous and miotic responses which were seen after paracentesis. The percent inhibitions ranged from 75 to 83, but the inhibitory actions were not enhanced by increases of intraocular PPF concentrations. These data indicate that the potent anti-inflammatory actions of PPF were obtainable by a single instillation, but it might be useful to instill the drug 3 times consecutively to ensure higher intraocular drug concentrations in combination with pre-instilled mydriatics.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1992

[A case report on the sliding commissuroplasty for mitral regurgitation due to posterior commissural chordal rupture].

We have performed a mitral valve reconstruction on a 31-year-old man who suffered from infective endocarditis four years ago. Severe mitral regurgitation and posterior commissural chordal rupture were noted. The mitral valve was repaired by Carpentier's sliding commissuroplasty and ring annuloplasty. The postoperative course was uneventful, and mitral regurgitation completely disappeared. It appears that Carpentier's sliding commissuroplasty is a superior new reconstructive technique for mitral regurgitation due to commissural chordal rupture.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of pre-instilled mydriatics on the intraocular concentration and anti-inflammatory action of topical 0.1% pranoprofen (3)--study on permeability factor].

The authors studied a mechanism of an increase in intraocular concentration of topical 0.1% pranoprofen (PPF) induced by pre-instilled mydriatics (0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine) in rabbit eyes. Ingredient solutions of mydriatics were instilled 60 minutes prior to instillation of PPF. The PPF concentrations in the cornea, aqueous humor and iris-ciliary body did not increase with pre-instilled benzalkonium chloride, chlorobutanol and tropicamide. The PPF concentrations were increased by pre-instilled phenylephrine (PHE), and the concentrations were 2 to 3 times higher than those without mydriatics. The PHE concentration in the aqueous humor was increased about 3 times in the presence of PPF. The octanol/water partition coefficient of PPF was increased in the presence of PHE. These data indicate that the increase of intraocular PPF concentration by the pre-instilled mydriatics was caused by PHE, and the enhancement of transcorneal permeability to PPF may have resulted from the formation of ion-pair complexes between PPF, an anionic drug, and PHE, a cationic drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics].

Panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP) was given by 30 minutes drip infusion to 15 children with acute bacterial infections including 11 with acute pneumonia, 2 each with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and urinary tract infections. Good to excellent clinical responses were obtained in all of the 15 patients and bacterial eradications were obtained for all 12 strains identified in these cases. Urticaria considered to be drug related was observed in 1 patient. Slight elevations of GOT and GPT and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. From the above clinical results, it appears that PAPM/BP is a useful antibiotic for treatment of pediatric patients with various bacterial infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Valve replacement in a patient with infective endocarditis and ruptured mycotic cerebral aneurysm].

A 55-year-old man with a mild fever and sweating developed severe headache for the days before admission. Cerebral computed tomography and selected cerebral angiography on the day of admission revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of an aneurysm of a distal branch of the left middle cerebral artery. Detection of vegetation on the aortic valve by two dimensional echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis of infective endocarditis with a ruptured mycotic cerebral aneurysm. Because of rapid growth of the vegetation on the aortic valve and progression of heart failure despite antibiotic therapy, emergency cardiac surgery was performed. To prevent re-rupture of the aneurysm, the aortic valve was replaced with a bioprosthetic valve, and no anticoagulant was administered postoperatively. Repeated cerebral angiography revealed that the aneurysm was becoming progressively smaller during the next 9 months. No cerebrovascular accident occurred postoperatively. We believe that it is safe to treat a ruptured mycotic cerebral aneurysm without involvement of a hematoma mass in the brain conservatively, and that use of a bioprosthetic valve, if valve replacement is mandatory, and avoidance of anticoagulant therapy during the postoperative period are advisable in the treatment of a patient with infective endocarditis and a ruptured cerebral mycotic aneurysm.

Aneurysm, Infected↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of age on blood pressure, heart rate, and sensory blockade by spinal anesthesia with plain 0.5% bupivacaine].

To discover the influence of age on spinal blockade with plain bupivacaine, 23 patients were administered a subarachnoid injection of approximately 4.0 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine. The patients were divided into two groups. One group consists of patients with ages under 65 years (younger group, n = 13), and the other group consists of patients older than 65 years (elder group, n = 10). The following results were obtained. The time to onset of anesthetic effects (pinprick discrimination, temperature discrimination, and light touch discrimination) decreased with age. At 180 min after the administration, spinal blockade level did not have a significant difference. The degree of the decrease of systolic arterial pressure was greater in the elder group than in the younger group. However, the degree of the decrease of heart rate was greater in the elder group than in the younger group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Long-term follow-up of exercise tolerance after coronary bypass grafting].

Six hundred forty-eight serial graded exercise tests were performed on 400 patients up to 10 years after coronary bypass graftings (CABG). The maximal attained exercise tolerance, over 10 METS, were observed in 60% of patients and the negative response to exercise test in 43% of patients. The positive response in various parameters were observed at the following rates: graft occlusion-30% vs graft patent-46% (p less than 0.01); incomplete revascularization-39% vs complete revascularization-22% (p less than 0.01); and less than or equal to 8 METS 4-45% vs greater than or equal to 10 METS-28% (p less than 0.01), respectively. However, no significant difference was observed among number of vessels diseased, number of graftings, and presence of old myocardial infarction. The maximal attained stage of exercise, over 10 METS, in various parameters were at the following rates: less than or equal to 59 years old-70% vs greater than or equal to 60 years old-44% (p less than 0.01); male-63% vs female-32% (p less than 0.01); and graft patent-63% vs graft occlusion-50% (p less than 0.05), respectively. The serial analysis of exercise test demonstrated that improved exercise tolerance appears to persist for at least 5 years after CABG. However, the patients in complete revascularization had a tendency to increase the rate of positive response. In conclusion, the completeness of revascularization as well as graft patency was the main factor limiting exercise tolerance, and correlates with the extent and the duration of improvement after CABG.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed1991

Two-dimensional mapping by high-performance liquid chromatography of pyridylamino oligosaccharides from various glycosphingolipids.

A method to map sugars two-dimensionally for the analysis of the structures of oligosaccharides from glycosphingolipids is described. Nine neutral and ten acidic oligosaccharides were obtained from glycosphingolipids by endoglycoceramidase digestion and labelled with 2-aminopyridine. The pyridylamino oligosaccharides were clearly separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on commercially available C18-silica and amide-silica column. All compounds tested were mapped without any overlapping. The separation of the pyridylamino oligosaccharides on the C18-silica column depended on the numbers and positions of sialic acid and N-acetylhexosamine residues; on the amide-silica column, the separation depended on the total number of sugar residues.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1991

Diurnal patterns of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, tryptophan and fibrinolytic activity in blood of depressive patients and healthy volunteers.

Diurnal changes of serotonin-related factors in whole blood and fibrinolytic activity were determined in depressed patients and healthy controls. Whole blood serotonin concentration of depressed patients showed marked changes throughout daytime, with maximum values in the evening and lowest values in the morning, whereas its metabolite 5-HIAA followed a contrary pattern. The circadian rhythm of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the control group was quite different from depressed patients. Plasma levels of tPA decreased from 12:30 to 16:30. Concentrations of free plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and complex of tPA-PAI-1 decreased from 8:30 to 16:30. Plasma levels of total PAI-1 decreased from 8:30 to 16:30. Plasma levels of the fibrinolytic parameters may be lower in depressive patients than in normal controls. These results support the changes in the circadian rhythm of serotonin and its related substances in the blood of depressive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Histopathological evaluation of the radiosensitizing effects of an intratumoral injection of BrdU for rectal cancer].

We delivered preoperative radiotherapy with intratumoral injection (ITI) of radiosensitizer, 5-bromodeoxyuridine for patients with locally advanced cancer originating in lower rectum. We identified immunohistochemically the tumor cells that incorporated BrdU, and evaluated the radiosensitizing effect of BrdU histopathologically. (1) BrdU-labeled nuclei of cancer cells were identified in twenty-three cases out of 24 (96%). Mean labeling index was 18.5%, and tended to decrease as time progressed. (2) The parameters representing volume of residual tumor nests (Tumor Nest Index) or degrees of tumor extension (Depth of Extramural Tumor and Depth of Extramural Fibrosis) for patients with ITI were compared to those for patients without ITI. Those parameters tended to decrease when ITI was combined with radiotherapy. However, the difference was not significant statistically. Intratumorally injected BrdU can incorporate with cancer cells, but a methodological invention is required for yielding clinically measurable radiosensitization.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Factors associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol in Japanese and American telephone executives.

The association of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) with several factors was examined in a cross-sectional study of Japanese and American telephone executives. Mean HDL cholesterol levels were similar in both groups of men and were negatively associated with body mass index, smoking, and serum uric acid and positively associated with alcohol and exercise. These associations did not differ between the Japanese and the American men. The mean HDL cholesterol level was 4.2 mg/dl lower in the Japanese than in the American men after adjusting for age, body mass index, alcohol, smoking, exercise, and serum uric acid. The difference in HDL cholesterol between Japanese and American men in this study is inconsistent with the much lower coronary heart disease mortality in Japan and with previous comparison studies of these two populations. Most previous studies have not adjusted for important confounders, but the selective nature of our study groups may have also contributed to this inconsistency. These racial differences in HDL cholesterol may also be due to either genetic or unmeasured environmental and cultural differences. Given the similarity in HDL cholesterol levels between these two groups, our results suggest that HDL cholesterol does not play an important role in the lower coronary heart disease mortality in Japanese men.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Identification of two novel GTP-binding protein alpha-subunits that lack apparent ADP-ribosylation sites for pertussis toxin.

Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding alpha-subunits of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins) has revealed the existence of nine species of alpha-subunits. We have identified two additional G-protein alpha-subunits, which we refer to as GL1 alpha and GL2 alpha, by isolating bovine liver cDNA clones that cross-hybridized at reduced stringency with bovine Gi1 alpha-subunit cDNA. The deduced amino acid sequences of GL1 alpha and GL2 alpha share 83% identity with each other and show 45-55% identity with those of other known G-protein alpha-subunits. Both GL1 alpha and GL2 alpha lack a consensus site for ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin. Messenger RNA corresponding to GL2 alpha was detected in all tissues examined, but GL1 alpha mRNA was detected only in liver, lung, and kidney. Antiserum prepared against a synthetic pentadecapeptide corresponding to the deduced carboxyl terminus of GL2 alpha specifically reacted with a 40-kDa protein in mouse liver, brain, lung, heart, kidney, and spleen. The amount of the 40-kDa protein was highest in brain and lung. We suggest that GL1 alpha and GL2 alpha are new members of a subfamily of pertussis toxin-insensitive G-proteins.

Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose↗
PubMed1991

[Computed tomographic evaluation of thickness of perirectal fascia in rectal cancer treated by preoperative radiotherapy--diagnostic value for prediction of local recurrence].

Perirectal fascia was examined by computed tomography before and after preoperative radiotherapy in thirty-six patients with rectal cancer. CT measurement showed that perirectal fascia tend to increase in thickness during preoperative radiotherapy in proportion to tumor extension into perirectal fat tissue. The fascial thickening more than 7 mm after preoperative radiotherapy was suggestive of local recurrence to develop. Preoperative or intraoperative boost irradiation would be recommended for such high-risk patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

A one step sandwich enzyme immunoassay for gamma-carboxylated osteocalcin using monoclonal antibodies.

A highly sensitive, simple and reliable one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the gamma-carboxylated form of osteocalcin (Gla-OC) has been developed using a monoclonal antibody. The minimum amount of Gla-OC detected by this EIA was approximately 0.2 ng/ml when a 10 microliter aliquot of the sample was used. The serum Gla-OC level in 30 healthy subjects was 3.6 +/- 2.19 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). A significant increase was seen in patients with chronic renal failure (20.3 +/- 4.60 ng/ml), atherosclerosis (8.3 +/- 4.94 ng/ml) and osteoporosis (10.1 +/- 4.60 ng/ml). The correlation between the values obtained by the sandwich EIA and competitive RIA methods was given by the linear regression equation, y = 2.896 + 0.759 chi, for which the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.815 (n = 58). This newly developed Gla-OC specific EIA may be useful for the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease and ectopic calcification.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Dopamine D2-receptor mRNA level in rat striatum after chronic haloperidol treatment.

Chronic treatment with haloperidol, a D2-receptor antagonist and a neuroleptic, increases the number of D2-receptors in rat striatum. However, there have been inconsistent reports on the D2-receptor mRNA level, one showing the increase in the mRNA level and another detecting no changes. Furthermore, they did not distinguish the two isoforms of D2-receptor, D2A and D2B. In the present work, both D2- and DeA-receptor mRNA levels in rat striatum were estimated after chronic administration of haloperidol. There was, within the sensitivity of the assay, no significant increase in either of them between 3 and 24 h after the last administration. This suggests that chronic haloperidol treatment does not affect the transcriptional regulation of the D2-receptor gene or the alternative splicing process of its transcripts.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Detection of coronary blood flow associated with left main coronary artery stenosis by transesophageal Doppler color flow echocardiography.

Demonstration of disordered blood flow in a coronary artery may be helpful in anticipating the presence of stenosis. To examine the possibility of disordered coronary blood flow associated with left main coronary stenosis, left main coronary flow was visualized by transesophageal Doppler color flow echocardiography in 52 patients undergoing coronary angiography. Twenty patients had significant left main coronary stenosis (Group 1) and 32 patients did not (Group 2). Adequate two-dimensional echocardiographic images of the left main coronary artery were obtained in 17 patients in Group 1 and 30 patients in Group 2. Sixteen patients in Group 1, including five patients in whom the stenosis could not clearly be defined by two-dimensional echocardiography, exhibited the aliased reddish-yellowish elements producing the mosaic pattern at the stenotic or poststenotic segments, or both. In contrast, nonaliased bluish jets, suggesting laminar flow away from the transducer, were seen in echocardiograms from 27 patients in Group 2. This group included four patients with stenosis-like images on two-dimensional echocardiography. The aliased mosaic pattern was found in only three patients in Group 2 (p less than 0.01). Thus, sensitivity to detect the stenosis was improved when Doppler color flow imaging was applied. Flow velocity was significantly higher at the site of stenosis in patients in Group 1 (116 +/- 28 cm/s, n = 10, mean +/- SD) than in Group 2 (29 +/- 12 cm/s, n = 21, p less than 0.01), suggesting that the augmentation of flow velocity with or without turbulence due to the stenosis contributed to the appearance of the mosaic flow images.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Flow Velocity↗