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Biomedical subjects

K Ogoshi

Publications and source records attributed to K Ogoshi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Health-related quality of life varies with personality types: a comparison among cancer patients, non-cancer patients and healthy individuals in a Japanese population.

In an attempt to examine differential effects of personality on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) without regard to disease type, we used the HRQoL-20, a general questionnaire (Japanese original scale) we developed (comprising 20 questions related to physiological, psychological or social HRQoL) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), which measures personality traits of extraversion (E), neuroticism (N) and psychoticism (P). The subjects (399 males and 429 females), stomach cancer patients, non-cancer patients (who had received acupuncture or moxibustion treatment) and healthy controls, were classified into three personality types. The results indicated that the HRQoL score of the tolerable/tolerant type (high E, low N and high P scorers) was greater than the intolerable/intolerant type (low E, high N and low P scorers) and also the unclassified type (neither of above scorers). The HRQoL correlated positively with the E and P scales and negatively with the N scale, in the case of all subjects, with the exception of N in male cancer patients and E in male non-cancer patients. The results supported the hypothesis that the HRQoL varies with personality variables, in that each patient, in different treatment settings, strives for the situation that is congruent with his/her personality to attain a better HRQoL.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Determination of free fatty acids in human bile by high-performance liquid chromatography.

We developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for free fatty acids (FFAs) analysis in bile. In this method, FFAs were extracted from bile in a single step using an Isolute ODS cartridge, derivatized with 9-anthryldiazomethane (ADAM). ADAM was chosen because of its high reactivity with carboxylic acid at room temperature. Then, HPLC was used for separating and quantifying FFAs. This method proved to be simple and time-saving. The mean recovery of FFA added to human gallbladder bile was 97.6%, and the detection limit was 100-250 pg. Using this method, we determined FFA concentrations in the gallbladder bile of 11 gallstone patients. The mean concentration of total FFA was 0.61 (SD = 0.41) mmol/L, and there was wide variation in the individual FFAs.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Cure by THP-COP therapy in patients with perforated T-cell type malignant lymphoma of the jejunum].

A 52-year-old man had suffered abdominal pain from Dec. 15, 1992. On Jan. 1993, he was admitted to our hospital for a diagnosis of T-cell malignant lymphoma of stomach of diffuse large cell type by gastroendoscopical biopsy. On the following day, he underwent emergency an operation with a diagnosis of panperitonitis. A perforation site had been found at the jejunum 60 cm distant from the Treitz ligament. It was resected and sutured concomitant with omental patch. The pathological diagnosis was the same. After the operation, we started THP-COP therapy on Jan. 25, 1993. During the admission, he was given THP-COP therapy 6 times, and had a complete remission. He was discharged Feb. 26, 1994, and shows no evidence of disease at this writing.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1998

[Treatment of nonresectable cardiac cancer].

Methods and strategies for the treatment of surgically nonresectable cardiac cancer are discussed. Among the 185 patients with cardiac cancer encountered to date in our department, five (2.7%) had nonresectable disease. All of these patients had at least two unfavorable prognostic factors, and chemotherapy was administered but with poor results. In one patient with Barrett's esophageal cancer including the cardiac region, a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) was applied temporarily. The patient progressed from being unable to swallow saliva to being able to ingest food orally. Patients with surgically nonresectable progressive cardiac cancer generally have a poor general condition and are immunodeficient. In the case of surgical bypass surgery for highly invasive cancer, complications often occur and great care must be exercised. However, because of the improvements made in and increasingly widespread use of stenting devices and delivery systems, early introduction of SEMS is considered to be an effective strategy against the symptoms caused by obstruction and development of aspiration pneumonia. There have also been reports of the effectiveness of laser therapy, local injection of immunotherapeutic agents, and radiotherapy to the tumor. A good outcome can also be expected using a multidisciplinary treatment involving a combination of systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, because of the poor prognosis, timely introduction of home total parenteral nutrition and palliative therapy after receiving informed consent from the patient and/or the family is necessary to avoid prolonged and unnecessary hospitalization.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Co-mutagenicity of glyco- and tauro-deoxycholic acids in the Ames test.

Mutagenicity and co-mutagenicity of glyco- and tauro-deoxycholic acids (GDCA and TDCA), which are abundant in human bile, were examined by the Ames test. The two chemicals were not mutagenic for themselves to Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, with and without S9 mix. They enhanced, however, the mutagenic activities of the pro-mutagens, 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), for both TA98 and TA100 with S9 mix. They were more co-mutagenic for the pro-mutagens on TA98 than on TA100. On TA98, the mutagenic activities of 2AA with GDCA (5 mumol/plate) and with TDCA (5 mumol/plate) were 9.7-fold and 11.8-fold as high as that of the corresponding control (2AA only), respectively. BaP with GDCA (2.5 mumol/plate) and with TDCA (2.5 mumol/plate) showed 2.8-fold and 3.0-fold increases over the corresponding control level (BaP only), respectively. It is hence concluded that GDCA and TDCA may enhance the activity of some mutagens existing in bile.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

HLA-A2 antigen status predicts metastasis and response to immunotherapy in gastric cancer.

Our previous studies have shown that HLA-DR4 and -B52 antigens are associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer. We hypothesized that a putative HLA antigen, correlated with a low risk of lymph node metastasis, may also be correlated with the response to anticancer therapy. The microcytotoxicity assay was used to examine 49 HLA antigens of the A, B, C, DR, and DQ loci, and the association between HLA class I and II antigen status and lymph node metastasis in 847 patients with gastric cancer as well as the response to the therapy in 739 patients were analyzed. HLA-A2 antigen was significantly associated with a low risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with T2-T4 advanced cancer [58.8% compared to 37.0% in patients with lymph node metastasis; corrected P, Pc (98), = 0.011], especially in those with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma [71.0% compared to 26.4% in patients with lymph node metastasis, Pc (294) = 0.00294] and with a better response to post-operative immunotherapy using protein-bound polysaccharide K (PSK), a nonspecific immunomodulator, than to chemotherapy. HLA alleles may be associated with resistance or susceptibility to lymph node metastasis and HLA-A2 antigen may be a useful predictor of the response to PSK. The data suggest that the predictive power of this HLA antigen may prove useful in the selection of anticancer therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Autoimmune pancreatitis as a new clinical entity. Three cases of autoimmune pancreatitis with effective steroid therapy.

The most common forms of chronic pancreatitis are related to alcohol ingestion, whereas the entity of non-alcohol-associated (idiopathic) pancreatitis is poorly understood. Autoimmunity has been suggested as a possible etiologic factor of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. A total of 362 Japanese patients underwent endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) for suspected pancreatic disease, and 161 were diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis. Among them, we found three cases (1.86% incidence) of unique chronic pancreatitis, in which ERP revealed diffuse narrowing of the main pancreatic duct with an irregular wall. We diagnosed these three patients as having pancreatitis associated with an autoimmune mechanism morphologically and biochemically and started them on steroid therapy. The characteristics of the these three patients were as follows: hypergammaglobulinemia, eosinophilia, ultrasonography showing hypoehoic diffuse swelling in the pancreas (sausage-like appearance), ERP showing diffuse narrowing of the main pancreatic duct with irregular like thumbprint-like marks, reversible exocrine insufficiency, and positive anti-carbonic anhydrase II antibody. After one month of the treatment with steroids, pancreatitis dramatically improved morphologically and enzymatically. Here we describe these cases of the suspected autoimmune chronic pancreatitis. We must recognize the concept and the features of autoimmune pancreatitis in order to avoid unnecessary surgery as pancreatic cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Effect of Irsogladine on gap junctions in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.

The capacity for intercellular communication (IC) via gap junctions is found in normal pancreatic acinar cells. The major role of IC is considered to be the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and the regulation of signal transmissions. Up to now, the participation of IC via gap junctions in acute pancreatitis has not been reported. We investigated the role of IC in cerulein (Cn)-induced acute pancreatitis in rats using irsogladine, an enhancer of IC via gap junction. Acute edematous pancreatitis was induced in rats by two intraperitoneal injections of 40 micrograms/kg Cn. Rats received various doses (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg body weight) of irsogladine orally, 15 and 2 h before the first Cn injection. The normal control group received only vehicle. The severity of pancreatitis was evaluated enzymatically and histologically 5 h after the first Cn injection. In Cn-induced acute pancreatitis, irsogladine significantly lowered the serum amylase level, the pancreatic wet weight, and the pancreatic amylase and DNA contents, in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly, the amylase content improved to the level of the normal controls. Histologically, the severity of pancreatitis was reduced significantly by treatment with irsogladine and no discernible vacuolization was seen in the group with 100 mg/kg irsogladine treatment. By immunofluorostaining pancreata with anti-connexin 32 (Cx32; a gap junction protein) antibody, we found that pancreatic acini were diffusely positive for Cx32 in the control group, but the number of Cx32-positive grains decreased markedly, to 19%, in the pancreatitis group. With 100 mg/kg irsogladine treatment, the number of Cx32 grains recovered to 70% of the normal control value. These findings indicate that IC via gap junction is disturbed in Cn-induced pancreatitis, which may result in the breakdown of tissue homeostasis and the progression of acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Association between serum gastrin levels, gastric acid secretion and age in early gastric cancer.

This study evaluated the effect of gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin response on tumor differentiation for early gastric cancer according to patients' age. We investigated the association between serum gastrin levels, gastric acid secretion and the histologic types of 335 early gastric carcinomas limited to the mucosal and submucosal layers in comparison with 450 gastric and 197 duodenal ulcers. The preoperatively examined basal acid output, maximal acid output and peak acid output after administration of tetragastrin and serum gastrin levels before and after ingestion of a test meal were determined. Patients with differentiated cancer and duodenal ulcer showed a significant negative correlation between gastric acid secretion and age, while the former group also had a significant positive correlation between serum gastrin levels and age. On the other hand, patients with undifferentiated cancer did not show any such correlation between gastric acid and age, but showed a significant positive correlation between serum gastrin, integrated gastrin response and age. Patients with gastric ulcer did not show any such correlations. These data suggest that both low acid secretion and endogenous hypergastrinemia, especially in the elderly, may play an important role in differentiated and undifferentiated gastric carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of intraperitoneal therapy in gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination].

Eighty gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination were analyzed to evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal chemo- and/or immunotherapy on abdominal ascites. Among them, 19 were treated with intraperitoneal chemo- and/or immunotherapy, and 21.1% of them showed decreased ascites and better QOL. Patients treated with intraperitoneal administration with OK-432 showed good survival. Among patients with OK-432 administration, those receiving postoperative chemotherapy showed better survival than those given immunochemotherapy. Conversely, among patients with chemotherapy, those given postoperative immunochemotherapy showed better survival than those on chemotherapy. Patients with HLA-type I and III, and those with preoperative normal immune status showed good response when they received intraperitoneal therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

HLA antigens are candidate markers for prediction of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.

We investigated the association between human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antigens and lymph node metastasis in 724 gastric cancer patients. Among patients who had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with or without HLA-DR4 antigen, lymph node metastasis was detected in 80.8 and 54.9%, respectively (relative risk (RR) = 3.5, P = 0.0005, corrected P = 0.0285). It was more common in patients with a family history of cancer death (RR = 7.7). Among signet ring cell carcinoma patients with or without HLA-B52 antigen, lymph node metastasis was detected in 57.7 and 19.7%, respectively (RR = 5.6, P = 0.0001, corrected P = 0.0086). It was more common in patients who were smokers (RR= 8.3). Our findings suggest that HLA-DR4 and HLA-B52 antigens are associated with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Acute-phase plasma proteins in gastric cancer: association with metastatic potential and prognosis.

We evaluated the possibility that acute-phase plasma proteins such as alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) and immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) might be useful predictors of lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Both ACT and IAP levels generally increased according to the pTNM stage. Patients with both abnormal IAP and ACT levels showed a high risk of lymphatic and hepatic metastasis as well as peritoneal dissemination, with a resultant poor prognosis. Patients who had abnormal IAP levels with or without abnormal ACT levels had a significantly higher risk of lymph node metastasis, as well as more invasive tumors and a worse prognosis than those who had normal IAP levels with or without abnormal ACT levels. In combination group 4 [IAP(+) ACT(-) vs. IAP(-) ACT(+)] lymphatic metastasis was seen more often with isolated IAP(+) (76.4%) than with ACT(+) (52.9%) (p < 0.0045), especially in the subgroup of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (POR; p < 0.0177). However, this does not demonstrate that ACT(+) is a protective factor against lymphatic invasion, because the results of combination group 6 [IAP(-) ACT(+) vs. IAP(-) ACT(-)] show that isolated ACT(+) is also significantly related to lymphatic metastasis (p < 0.001). The same is true for the subgroup of signet ring cell carcinomas (p = 0.038), but it has not been tested versus the POR subgroup.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1996

[A case of advanced gastric cancer with liver metastasis with no recurrence and long survival].

A 61-year-old male was admitted after detecting gastric lesion by gastrography in a medical health examination. The patient was diagnosed as Borrmann 2 advanced gastric cancer with remarkable intraperitoneal lymph node metastasis and liver tumor of lateral segment. Relative non-curative gastrectomy was performed with combined partial hepatectomy. The liver tumor measured 1.5 x 1.5 cm and was intraoperatively diagnosed as metastasis of gastric cancer. Mitomycin C 26 mg was given intravenously on the day of operation and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 150 mg/day orally since postoperative 14th day as adjuvant chemotherapy. The administration of 5-FU was continued for 5 years. As a result of such combination therapy, the patient still has had no recurrence 8 years following operation.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1995

10.5-kb homozygote of tumor necrosis factor-beta gene is associated with a better prognosis in gastric cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: In NcoI restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta) gene, the frequency of 10.5-kb homozygote is low in patients with lung cancer and is associated with a better prognosis. These results should be examined in other malignancies. METHODS: Using polymerase chain reaction, the authors performed NcoI restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 152 patients with gastric cancer, in 69 patients with benign gastric lesion, and in 141 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: In 3-year survival, the 10.5-kb homozygote showed a better prognosis (87.1%) than other alleles (5.5-kb homozygote, 52.5%; heterozygote, 79.1%), and there was a statistically significant difference between the 10.5-kb homozygote and the 5.5-kb homozygote. In 3-year survival for Stages III and IV, the 10.5-kb homozygote also showed a better prognosis (64.9%) than other alleles (5.5-kb homozygote, 16.7%; heterozygote, 41.4%). There were statistically significant differences (10.5-kb homozygote vs. 5.5-kb homozygote, P < 0.01; heterozygote vs. 5.5-kb homozygote, P < 0.05). There was a statistical difference between all patients and Stages III and IV (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The 10.5-kb homozygote of TNF-beta gene is associated with a prolonged survival in patients with gastric cancer, as has been shown in the patients with lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Peptic ulcer therapy with lansoprazole and Helicobacter pylori eradication.

This study investigated the relationship between the clearance of Helicobacter pylori and the healing rate of ulcers after treatment with lansoprazole. Lansoprazole 30 mg/day was administered to 124 gastric ulcer (GU) patients and 57 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients. The healing rates were 89.6% in GU and 96.5% in DU. The rate of shift to the S2 stage of healing was 33.1% in GU and 38.6% in DU. The H. pylori-positive rate was 69.7% in GU and 74.5% in DU. H. pylori clearance rates after lansoprazole treatment were 43.4% in GU and 51.2% in DU. In GU, the ulcer healing rate in the H. pylori-positive to -negative group was significantly higher than that in the group that remained H. pylori-positive, but there were no significant differences in the rate of shift to the S2 stage of ulcer healing. In DU, there were no significant differences in either the healing rates or the rates of shift to the S2 stage of ulcer healing. This suggests that the clearance of H. pylori results in a high healing rate in GU.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1995

[Health consideration and defecation tendencies of elderly people].

Elderly people (males 742, 65-91 years old; females 371, 65-84 years old) were asked to answer a questionnaire on health and defecation tendencies. 1. Ninety-four percent of the males and 95% of the females considered their food intake sufficient to maintain their health (no difference between sexes). As for their food intake requirements, 68% of the males and 70% of the females answered that they knew about them, while 9% of the males and 6% of the females answered that they did not (no difference between sexes). 2. Of those with regular defecation every day, there were more males (68%) than females (49%). Seventeen percent of the males and 35% of the females defecated from four to six times per week, while 14% of the males and 13% of the females did so less than three times per week, with the difference between sexes being significant (p < 0.001). Both males (93%) and females (92%) tended to consider that constipation could affect their health condition. When asked about defecation, 92% of males and 83% of females answered that they should do so every day. The time for defecation was between when they arose and after breakfast for 76% of the males and 53% of the females. More females (25%) than males (8%) defecated irregularly (p < 0.001, difference between sexes). 3. Of those who did not have defecate every day, the percentage for those who answered that they should do so every day was low, whereas the percentage of those who answered that regularity did not matter was high. A significant relationship between awareness and degree of defecation was found for both males and females (p < 0.001 in both sexes). Those who regularly defecated every day did so in the time between when they arose and after breakfast, while those with irregular defecation did not defecate at a set time. A relationship was found between the time of defecation and the degree of defecation (p < 0.001 in both sexes).

Aged↗