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Biomedical subjects

K Ogoshi

Publications and source records attributed to K Ogoshi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Glycosidically bound sialic acid levels as a predictive marker of postoperative adjuvant therapy in gastric cancer.

A group of 293 gastric cancer patients were examined to see if the preoperative value of glycosidically bound sialic acid is a predictor of prognosis and effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant therapy. All patients had gastrectomies and were histologically confirmed to have primary adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Some patients then received either postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or immunochemotherapy. Patients with sialic acid levels less than 74.5 mg/dl survived significantly longer than those with sialic acid levels of 74.5 mg/dl or of 85.3 mg/dl and over. No significant differences in survival were found among patients treated by gastrectomy alone, gastrectomy plus chemotherapy and gastrectomy plus immunochemotherapy. However, patients with abnormally elevated levels of sialic acid survived significantly longer when they were treated with immunochemotherapy after gastrectomy than those treated by gastrectomy alone or with chemotherapy after gastrectomy. By using Cox's multivariate regression model, pTNM stages, postoperative adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy and immunochemotherapy) and preoperative serum levels of sialic acid were examined as prognostic variables. Postoperative therapy was a significant prognostic variable in patients with abnormally elevated levels of sialic acid. The preoperative serum level of sialic acid is a promising predictive marker of the response to postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Decrease in bone strength of cadmium-treated young and old rats.

A decrease in mechanical strength of bones was observed both in young and old rats for long periods of administration of cadmium. Young (3-week-old) female rats were given 0 (control), 5 and 10 ppm cadmium in drinking water, respectively, for 20 weeks. Old (18-month-old) female rats were given 0 (control) and 40 ppm cadmium in drinking water, respectively, for 7 months. The compression strengths of bones of young rats which were given 10 ppm cadmium, and those of old rats which were given 40 ppm cadmium, significantly decreased at the distal end portion of femur. Cadmium contents in bones in the 10 ppm and 40 ppm groups were about 110 and 210 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The present result confirmed that cadmium has a lesional effect on the mechanical strength of bone at the concentration of 100-200 ng/g in dry weight of bone, for both young and old rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

[Immunohistochemical studies on tumor associated carbohydrate antigens in gastric cancers of different histological stages].

By comparing gastric cancer tissues treated by the conventional hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and those by the chemical staining of immunohistologicals using monoclonal antibodies (MoAB) which recognize different carbohydrate antigens, the relation of cancer tissue patterns between the two staining methods was studied. Consequently, stainability was not seen in MoAB-FH4, AH6, FH6 and TKH2 in the cancer tissues where MoAB-SH1 responded to immunohistological staining. Likewise, each of MoAB-FH4, AH6, FH6 was found to have its own stain localization. The patterns made by immunohistological staining using MoAB showed so-called mosaicism even where the HE stain presented the same histologic form. Study of correlation between gastric cancer patterns and MoAB's localization revealed that localization of MoAB-SH1, AH6 and TKH2 was predominant in well differentiated adenocarcinoma. On the contrary, MoAB-FH4 and FH6, which are more specific, showed predominant localization in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of gastric cancers. Localization of MoAB-FH6 and AH6 increased as cancer grew from the early stage to the advanced stage. These results leads to this assumption: cancer, being of an isogenic carbohydrate structure at the initial stage when carcinoma in situ is generated, gains heterogeneity with the process of growth, differentiating into various directions and thus changing into a complicated carbohydrate structure.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Borrmann 4 gastric cancer treated with l-LV and 5-FU combination--a case report].

The patient was a 44-year-old female who had Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer with enlarged intra-abdominal lymph node metastasis. L-leucovorin (l-LV, 100 mg/m2/day by intravenous bolus for a period of one minute) and fluorouracil (5-FU, 370 mg/m2/day by intravenous bolus) was administered for 5 consecutive days, with a 28-day interval. Dysphagia was subsided 4 weeks after the initial treatment. After 11 weeks, abdominal lymph node metastasis had been reduced in its size (reduced rate 89%). After 16 weeks, gastric structure were remarkably improved (62.2% enlarged in its focus space) in upper GI X-ray. Therefore, total gastrectomy was performed 20 weeks after the initial combination therapy. She has been alive for the past year after the initial treatment. We concluded a combination therapy of l-LV and 5-FU was effective in this patient.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Recurrent peptic ulcer after surgery in Japan--a nationwide questionnaire survey of 57 institutions].

Patients with recurrent peptic ulcer undergoing surgery were reviewed at 57 institutions by the 18th meeting of the Japanese Research Society of Gastric Surgery. The factors involved in recurrence was analyzed in patients fulfilling the following criteria: the minimum follow-up period was over 5 years, the age was over 15 years, tetragastrin-stimulated acid secretion was measured before surgery, and the recurrence was confirmed by endoscopy or upper gastrointestinal radiography. In 632 patients, the recurrence rate of duodenal ulcer was significantly higher than that of gastric ulcer. However, the duodenal ulcer patients undergoing selective vagotomy and antrectomy did not develop recurrence. A significant difference in the recurrence rate was observed between selective vagotomy and antrectomy and the wide gastrectomy or selective proximal vagotomy. By analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model, the risk factors for recurrence of duodenal ulcer were the ulcer stage, the operative procedure, the location of the ulcer, and the age of the patient. Especially, recurrences in patients receiving selective proximal vagotomy depended on the location of the ulcer and the age, but the risk factors for patients undergoing wide gastrectomy were uncertain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK) on lymphocyte subsets of peripheral venous blood and thoracic duct lymph].

To study the effects of a protein bound polysaccharide (PSK) on the immune system in normal animal, lymphocytes subsets of both peripheral (PBL) and thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) were analyzed in 6 week old male SPF Wistar-Imamichi rats before and after free feeding of forage which contained 2% of PSK. PBL and TDL were obtained at the time before, 4 weeks after and 8 weeks after administration of PSK. Age matched rats without administration of PSK were used as a control. Following the peripheral blood cell counts were carried out, lymphocytes subsets such as ratio of total T cells helper/inducer T (Th) cell, suppressor/cytotoxic T (Ts) cell and B cell were assayed using W3/13, W3/25, 0 X 8 and 0 X 4 monoclonal antibodies with laser flow cytometric technique (Orthospectrum III Orthodiagnostics). In terms of the PBL, number of total T cells and Th cells in PSK treated group were significantly lower than that of controls. However no statistical different could be obtained between these two groups in relation to the number of Ts cells and B cells. On the other hand, the number of T cells and Th cells in TDL of PSK treated groups were significantly higher than that of controls while Ts cell and B cell number did not show no apparent differences between these two groups. These findings indicate that oral administration of PSK have a potency to accelerate the transport of T cells from blood stream to lymphatic channel and also regulate their distribution in a normal healthy animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Peripheral blood neutrophil function in germfree and conventional rats.

The superoxide anion production and the myeloperoxidase activity between polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) from conventional and germfree rats were compared. Furthermore, the response to recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) between both groups of rats was also examined. Our present investigation showed that: (1) the basal superoxide anion production by PMNs in germfree rats (2.1 +/- 0.5 nmol/min/1 x 10(6) PMNs) is less than one fourth of that of conventional rats (9.5 +/- 2.9 nmol/min/1 x 10(6) PMNs). (2) the myeloperoxidase activity of PMNs from germfree rats (38.1 +/- 5.2 nmol/min/1 x 10(6) PMNs) is 1.7 times that of conventional rats (22.4 +/- 4.9 nmol/min/1 x 10(6) PMNs). (3) G-CSF administration increased the number of PMN, 12.4 times in the germfree rats compared with 3.9 times in the conventional rats. (4) the PMNs induced by G-CSF do not differ in the superoxide anion producing activity. However the myeloperoxidase activity decreased in the G-CSF induced PMNs of both groups of rats. From our data, the conventional rats could have a more effective killing activity than the germfree rats. Furthermore, germfree rats may be used as a powerful tool for assay of other biological substances relating to immune system and its regulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of quality of life in arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma].

We examined the quality of life in the arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma patients using a questionnaire. The questionnaire used a category scale method of five grades. The questions about the quality of life covered ten areas for investigation (appetite, discomfort pain, nausea, daily activities, sleep, fatigue, time with family and friends, thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment). We added up scale points after one week and those after two weeks after the treatment. Patients after one-shot infusion showed aggravated scale points of anorexia and discomfort. Patients after transcatheter arterial embolization showed scale points of abdominal pain, general fatigue and discouragement about illness. Scale points in matters of thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment informed us about confidence in the course of treatment and comprehension of illness by cancer patients. How do we measure the quality of our care? This is difficult, but we thought the rate of being at home in survival might furnish us with much information in respect to the treatment and the quality of our care. In 36 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transcatheter arterial infusion and embolization, the arithmetic mean survival time after treatment was 412.1 days and time at home was 305.6 days. The rate of being at home doing survival time was 74.2% after the arterial infusion chemotherapy in 39 patients. The rate of being at home in 9 cases with one-shot infusion of Adriamycin was 43.5% (111 days); that in 9 cases with infusion of Mitomycin C microcapsules was 86.6% (716 days); that in 17 cases with transcatheter arterial embolization using spongel was 72.0% (234 days),; and that in 4 cases with infusion using implantable reservoir was 84.6% (220 days). In non-resected patients with chemotherapy, the rate of being at home was 20.3% for 61 cases of gastric cancer patients, 30.7% for 11 cases of colon cancer, 9.6% for 14 cases of gallbladder cancer and 39.8% for 112 cases of lung cancer. The arterial infusion and embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma has made it possible to lengthen the time that patients may stay home and thereby assure good quality of life.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1990

[Preoperative gastric acid secretion of gastric cancer patients and their prognosis].

This study was performed to evaluate how preoperative gastric acid secretion in gastric cancer patients correlated their prognosis. The results are as follows. 1) The 5-year survival rates of patients with MAO = 0mEq/h, 0mEq/h less than MAO less than or equal to 7.0mEq/h and 7.0mEq/h less than MAO were 29.2%, 73.6% and 88.4%, respectively. There were significant differences among them. 2) The patients with 7.0mEq/h less than MAO had normal cellular immunity and low immunosuppressive glycoproteins in sera. These results suggest that gastric cancer patients who have a potency of normal gastric acid secretion with normal cellular immunity, or who have a potency of normal immunity with normal gastric acid secretion, have a good prognosis.

Gastric Acid↗
PubMed1989

[Basic studies on oral administration of lentinan (I)--influence on lymphocyte subsets in peripheral venous blood].

The effect of oral administration of lentinan (LTN), a biological response modifier, in the control of systemic immune function was studied in 6-week old male Wistar-Imamichi SPF rats. In the LTN group, 1 mg LTN dissolved in 1 ml physiological saline was administration forcibly into the stomach twice weekly. Physiological saline alone was administered in a similar fashion to the control group. Blood samples were obtained prior to and after four and eight weeks of administration. White blood cells and lymphocyte counts were obtained and lymphocyte subsets were measured using monoclonal antibodies W3/13, W3/25 and 0 X 8 (Sera-Lab), and a laser flow cytometry system (Orthospectrum III, Orthodiagnostic System). The T cell ratio, helper/inducer T (Th) cell ratio, and suppressor/cytotoxic T (Ts) cell ratio were measured. The peripheral white blood cell count and lymphocyte count were not significantly different between the control and LTN groups. After four weeks of LTN administration, however, the LTN group showed a significantly higher T cell ratio, Th cell ratio and Th/Ts cell ratio than did the control group, and the Ts cell ratio was significantly lower. In the groups undergoing administration for eight weeks, no difference was noted in the lymphocyte subsets between the two groups. Oral administration of LTN apparently modulates the systemic immune function through T cell stimulation, especially Th cells, but continued administration may induce a tolerance to the effect of LTN.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Mosaicism in the expression of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens in human colonic and gastric cancers.

Serial sequential sections from a single tumor were examined by immunohistological staining with several monoclonal antibodies directed, respectively, to different tumor-associated carbohydrate epitopes. Staining patterns were compared with those of conventional staining with hematoxylin-eosin or periodate/Schiff's reagent. Each tumor showed different areas of staining with different antibodies, and the combined staining map shows a clear mosaicism of antigen expression within the same tumor. For example, some areas of a given tumor were stained by FH4 (defining dimeric Le(x)), while other complementary areas were strongly stained, in a mutually exclusive manner, by SH1 (defining Le(x)), AH6 (defining Le(y)), FH6 (defining sialosyl dimeric (Le(x)), or TKH2 (defining sialosyl-Tn). Some areas were stained by two or three of these antibodies. Comparisons of the mosaic-staining patterns with cytohistological properties of tumor cells within specific areas suggested that the pattern of antigen expression is correlated with degree of differentiation; e.g., poorly-differentiated cells with severe dysplasia did not express high levels of Le(x) or Le(y) but did express sialyl-Le(x) or dimeric Le(x); on the other hand, moderately or well-differentiated tumor cells in some areas expressed high levels of Le(x) or Le(y) but lower levels of sialyl-Le(x). Areas showing strong expression of sialyl-Tn in their secretions were consistently correlated with presence of well-differentiated tumor cells, whereas secretions from normal mucosae were consistently characterized by lack of sialyl-Tn expression. It is postulated that the original in situ tumors (which had homogeneous glycosylation patterns) evolved into several spatially discrete cell populations displaying different degrees of glycosylation, reflecting stages of tumor cell differentiation and progression.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Decrease in the mechanical strength of bones of rats administered cadmium.

The mechanical properties of the bones of young, adult and old rats administered various concentrations of cadmium were measured to prove the direct effect of cadmium on the bones of young rats. The young rats were divided into three subgroups, which were administered 0 (control), 5 and 10 ppm cadmium, respectively. The adult rats were subdivided into six groups, administered 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 ppm cadmium, respectively. The old rats were divided into three subgroups, which were administered 0, 80, and 160 ppm cadmium, respectively. The length of the administration was 4 weeks in every group. The decrease in the mechanical strengths of bones of young rats administered with cadmium was observed. On the other hand, no change in mechanical strength of bones was observed in the case of adult and old rats, administered up to 160 ppm cadmium. The correlation between the cadmium in bones and the decrease in the strength of the bone shows that cadmium directly affects the mechanical properties of bones of young rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

[Gastric acid secretion and cellular immunity in patients with gastric cancer].

Three hundred and one gastric cancer patients have been examined preoperatively to investigate their gastric acid secretions after stimulation by tetragastrin, and serum gastrin stimulation by a test meal, as well as for skin reactions and an evaluation of their serum glycoproteins. The results have indicated that their gastric secretions and serum gastrin response were found to be reduced, according to the advancement of their cancer, and that the gastric acid secretion of patients with signet ring cell carcinoma was higher than that of patients with other histological carcinomas. Gastric acid secretions of patients with an ulcerated type of cancer, that is, type IIc and type III in an early cancer stage and type IIc of an advanced Borrmann V type, was higher than in patients with other types, and there were significant correlationships between gastric secretions and PHA skin test and gastric secretions and the IAP and the sialic acid.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1989

[Gastric acid secretions and serum gastrin levels in patients with mucosal and submucosal gastric cancers].

Gastric acid secretions and serum gastrin levels have been examined in 128 patients with early gastric cancer and in 98 gastric ulcer patients. Gastric cancer patients were found to have lower acid secretions than did gastric ulcer patients, and those with elevated types of a differentiated adenocarcinoma had lower acid secretions than did those with depressed types of an undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. Gastric acid secretions in patients with both a gastric ulcer and cancer were found to decrease with aging. However, the serum gastrin levels were found to be decreased in patients with a gastric ulcer and to be increased in patients with a gastric cancer. Incidences of a differentiated adenocarcinoma increased with aging. From these observations, it has been speculated that the carcinogenesis of a differentiated adenocarcinoma may be related to increasing endogenous gastrin levels and decreasing gastric acid secretions. These results suggest that a continuous check of the serum gastrin levels might be a good marker for cancer detection and that gastrin antibodies might be useful for treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical effects of PSK on esophageal and gastric cancer patients and usefulness of serum levels of glycoproteins and HLA antigens as prognostic indicators].

This study was carried out to evaluate whether the preoperative levels of serum glycoproteins (CEA, SCC, TPA, IAP, ACT, ASP and sialic acid) and HLA antigens (class I and II) could be potential aids in the selection of suitable gastric and esophageal cancer patients for postoperative adjuvant immunotherapy of PSK. Gastric cancer patients underwent gastrectomy and received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (MMC, FT and ADR) with or without PSK. One hundred and forty esophageal cancer patients in cooperative study groups (organizing chairman; Dr. Hiroshi Satoh) underwent esophagectomy and received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy (FT, BLM) with or without PSK. The efficacy of PSK was recognized in the patients with normal levels of all glycoproteins in gastric cancer, and with normal levels of CEA or SCC or TPA and abnormal levels of one or more APRs in both gastric and esophageal cancer, and with positive HLA-B40 antigen. The combination of tumor-associated factors, such as CEA, SCC and TPA and various non-specific reactants such as APRs was useful as a prognostic indicator. In addition, some of HLA antigens were also valuable. The pretreatment levels of glycoproteins and HLA antigens have potential aids in the selection of patients with gastric and esophageal cancer for PSK treatment.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

[Randomized multicenter trial of sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil versus 5-fluorouracil alone in advanced gastric cancer].

In a recent phase II trial we have shown a favorable response rate for sequential methotrexate-5-fluorouracil (MF) in advanced gastric and colorectal cancer. We determined the therapeutic effect of sequential MF in patients with advanced gastric cancer by comparing it to 5-fluorouracil alone (F) in a randomized multicenter trial. Since February 1987 to July 1988, 133 patients with advanced gastric cancer have been prospectively randomized to receive either MF (methotrexate 100 mg/m2 i.v. push, 5-fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 i.v. drip over 15 minutes one hour after methotrexate and leucovorin 15 mg p.o. q 6 hrs x 2 beginning 24 hrs after methotrexate) of F (the same 5-fluorouracil as described for MF). Each treatment was repeated weekly x 5, then q 2 weeks. The two treatment arms were balanced for 17 clinical characteristics. The response rate was 17.9% (10 of 56 patients) in the MF arm and 1.9% (one of 53 patients) in the F arm (p less than 0.01). Median duration of response was 6.8 weeks (MF) and 6 weeks (F), respectively. Median survival time was 7.9 months (MF) and 7.3 months (F) on interim findings. Leukocytopenia and GI toxicity were significantly more common in patients receiving MF, but the degree was similar for both arms. Other side effects were minimal and no different. This schedule of MF is more effective than F in inducing remission for patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Dopamine infusion test as a gastric secretion test].

The secretion of gastric acid in the peptic ulcer patients were examined by the dopamine infusion test (DIT). Production of gastric acid was investigated when the patients were treated by 30-minute dopamine infusion of 2 micrograms/kg/min. According to the difference of production of gastric acid, 132 patients were categorized into three groups: 59 Cata-responders, 28 Ana-responders and 45 Non-responders. Cata-responders were the patients whose production was less than 0.2mEq/30 min, Ana-responders, greater than 0.2mEq/30 min and Non-responder less than or equal to 0.2mEq/30 min. Cata- and Ana-responders showed higher gastric acid secretion preoperatively, and higher gastric acid reduction rate after selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) than Non-responder. Cata-responder showed decreased acid output preoperatively and unchanged after SPV with DIT. Ana-responder showed increased acid output preoperatively and decreased after SPV with DIT. Non-responder showed unchanged acid output preoperatively and decreased after SPV. Cata-responder may be depending more on vagus-mediated factor and parietal cell mass. Ana-responder may be depending more on vagus-mediated factor, parietal cell mass and dopaminergic factor. Non-responder may be depending more on gastrin cell mass and less cholinergic influence. From these findings dopamine receptor may exist in the stomach, and DIT seems to be useful in studying pathogenesis of the peptic ulcer and determining treatment for patients with peptic ulcer.

Adolescent↗