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Biomedical subjects

K Ochiai

Publications and source records attributed to K Ochiai.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Malignant mesothelioma with metastases and mast cell leukaemia in a cat.

Abdominal malignant mesothelioma was found in a 17-year-old, spayed female Japanese domestic cat with mast cell leukaemia. The mesothelioma was mainly located at the periphery of the pancreas, spleen and stomach, and showed metastases to the lung, an anterior mediastinal lymph node and lymph ducts in the tracheal mucosa. Micro-circulatory defects caused by the mast cell leukaemia may have been partly responsible for the distant metastases.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Necrotizing meningoencephalitis in pug dogs in Japan.

This report records necrotizing meningoencephalitis in three pug dogs. It is the first record of the disease in Japan. There were three characteristic histopathological findings, namely (1) a non-suppurative inflammatory cell infiltration of the cerebral hemispheres, including both gray and white matter, (2) meningeal and perivascular infiltrates of mononuclear cells, with a strong tendency to invade the underlying or surrounding brain parenchyma, and (3) selective cerebral cortical necrosis, often occurring without a concurrent inflammatory reaction. The three cases, which were diagnosed as pug dog encephalitis, resembled those previously reported in the United States of America, Switzerland and Italy. All affected animals were females with clinical histories of pregnancy or phantom pregnancy 2 weeks or less before the onset of the clinical signs.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Prognostic factor analysis and treatment results of ovarian cancer in Japan.

Prognostic factors were analyzed among women with ovarian cancer. Stage, histologic subtype and grade, age, performance status, residual tumor size, and platinum-based chemotherapy were factors that significantly influenced the survival rate. Based on these findings, we performed maximal cytoreductive surgery and gave dose-intensified platinum-based chemotherapy to patients with advanced disease and were able to improve survival rate significantly.

Cisplatin↗
PubMed1994

Immunomorphologic characterization of Fc epsilon RI-bearing cells within the human dermis.

Recently we reported that the high-affinity receptor for IgE, Fc epsilon RI, is constitutively expressed on normal epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) and on certain cells within the dermis. To study the nature of these cells we performed immunofluorescence double-labeling experiments using an anti-Fc epsilon RI reagent (MoAb 15-1) as well as monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against leukocyte differentiation antigens expressed on LC, interdigitating cells and macrophages. Avidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate was used to distinguish mast cells. We found that dermal Fc epsilon RI+ cells are bone marrow derived (CD45+). Further, we found that a subset of 15-1+ dermal cells coexpresses antigens present on certain members of the LC/DC family: the majority of Fc epsilon RI+ cells reacted with MoAb anti-HLA-DR and RFD1, the latter recognizes an antigenic moiety on interdigitating cells, and a small subpopulation coexpressed CD1a. In reverse fashion, virtually all CD1a+ cells and most RFD1+ cells reacted with the anti-Fc epsilon RI reagent. Approximately one third of 15-1+ cells represented avidin-FITC+ mast cells whereas Fc epsilon RI expression was not detected on FXIIIa+ dermal dendrocytes or CD3+ lymphocytes. By immunoelectronmicroscopy, we found that perivascularly located 15-1-reactive cells exhibited pronounced dendrites, an indented nucleus, numerous mitochondria, and abundant endo-/lysosomal structures. However, Birbeck granules or granules specific for basophils or eosinophils were never detected in these cells. Collectively, our data suggest that the pool of dermal Fc epsilon RI+ cells consists mainly of cells of the LC (CD1a+)/DC(RFD1+) lineage and mast cells but does not include FXIIIa+ dermal macrophages.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1994

Alteration of immune responses of rabbits infected with bovine immunodeficiency-like virus.

Nine 3-month-old rabbits were inoculated with bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) to study the pathogenesis of BIV and alteration of the immune responses in experimentally infected rabbits. BIV proviral DNA and anti-BIV antibodies were detected from all rabbits inoculated with BIV-infected bovine embryo spleen (BESP) cells. Rabbits inoculated with spleen cells of the BIV-infected rabbit also converted to proviral DNA-positive and BIV-antibody-positive. The blastogenic responses to concanavalin A of peripheral blood mononuclear cells prepared from BIV-infected rabbits were not significantly different from those from uninfected controls at 2 and 4 months post-inoculation (PI). The humoral immune responses against bovine serum albumin (BSA) were depressed in two of four BIV-infected rabbits at 1 to 3 months PI. The antibody responses against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were significantly depressed in all BIV-infected rabbits at 2 to 4 months PI. BIV was rescued by cocultivation of spleen cells of infected rabbits with BESP cells. Distinct development of lymphoid follicle was observed in lymph nodes and spleens of uninfected rabbits which received BSA and SRBCs. In contrast, moderate lymphoid cell depletion was observed in BIV-infected rabbits which received the same immunogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Adoptive transfer of suppressor T cells induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans regulates immune response.

Purified splenic T cells from C3H/HeN mice primed with immunosuppressive fraction (ISF) from A. actinomycetemcomitans were adoptively transferred to syngeneic mice with SRBC. The transfer of splenic T cells from mice, primed with various amounts of ISF for 6 days, resulted in the dose-dependent inhibition of IgM anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) plaque-forming cells (PFC) compared with normal and BSA-primed splenic T cells. Furthermore, the transfer of T cells from mice primed with 100 micrograms of ISF for 6 days to syngeneic and CD4-depleted mice caused the highest inhibition. Immune suppression did not depend on the B cell population in spleen from donor mice primed with ISF, nor on haplotypes as recipient. The immunosuppressive function of these ISF-primed T cells was abrogated by 1000 rad irradiation. Splenic T cells from ISF-treated mice could suppress the T cell-dependent proliferative responses of cocultured normal spleen cells in vitro. Analysis of T cell subsets of spleen cells from ISF-treated mice showed that the suppressor cell is susceptible to treatment with anti-CD8 and complement (C). ISF-sensitized suppressor T cells also suppressed secondary IgG anti-SRBC-PFC response after immunization with SRBC in vivo depending on sensitized periods induced by ISF. Treatment of T cells from mice which primed with ISF for 8 days, with goat anti-mouse CD8 antibody and C abrogated their suppressive effects, and secondary IgG response occurred. These results indicate that the adoptive transfer of ISF-induced T cells, which increased suppressor function, caused the perfect blocking of immune response, allowing promotion of secondary infection.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed1994

A review on Fc epsilon RI on human epidermal Langerhans cells.

In order to show the surface expression of Fc epsilon RI on human epidermal Langerhans cells (LC), we examined monomeric IgE binding to LC. We demonstrated that the majority of epidermal LC were able to bind monomeric IgE. IgE binding to LC could neither be prevented by preincubation of the tissue with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against either Fc epsilon RII/CD23 or Fc gamma RII/CD32, nor by the addition of lactose, but could be entirely abrogated by preincubation with the anti-Fc epsilon RI mAb 15-1. These data show that epidermal LC express Fc epsilon RI molecules.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a thoroughbred foal.

Typical Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was found in a male thoroughbred foal (46 days old) suffering from diarrhea and hypogammaglobulinemia after birth. The characteristics of the organisms were demonstrated by Grocott methenamine silver staining, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The present focal had no histological lesions suggesting immunodeficiency. However, he could not get adequate colostrum from his dam, because she died of hemorrhagic shock due to immuno-mediated thrombocytopenia at delivery. This condition was considered to have predisposed the foal to the pneumonia.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Endogenous nitric oxide blocks calcium influx induced by glutamate in neurons containing NADPH diaphorase.

Change in cytosolic calcium ion level ([Ca2+]) after glutamate exposure was evaluated using fluo-3 on rat cortical neurons. The result showed that neurons that contain nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) were capable of blocking glutamate-induced rise in [Ca2+]. However, with the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, NADPH-d-positive cells lost their ability to regulate [Ca2+], suggesting a possible role of nitric oxide in protecting this distinct class of neurons from glutamate neurotoxicity by inhibiting glutamate-induced calcium influx.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1993

Hepatocellular carcinoma: prospective assessments of the T-factor with CT, US, and MR imaging.

The capabilities of computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were studied in order to determine the role of each of these noninvasive examinations for estimating the T-factor of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Fifty-one patients with surgically proven HCCs received CT (50 patients), US (46 patients), and MR (44 patients). The images of CT, US, and MR were prospectively evaluated for main tumor size, intrahepatic metastases, and vascular invasion, which compose the T-factor of HCC, and compared to pathological results. The sizes of the main tumor were estimated correctly by all examinations. For estimating intrahepatic metastases, US (74%) and MR (73%) were superior to CT (65%). For estimating portal invasion, CT (79%) was superior to US (70%) and MR (66%), because CT could demonstrate the segmental staining caused by portal invasion. The estimates of hepatic venous invasion were difficult during any of the examinations. We conclude that presurgical evaluations of the T-factor require the use of US and CT or MR and CT.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

beta,beta'-Iminodipropionitrile toxicity in normal and congenitally neurofilament-deficient Japanese quails.

Morphological effects of a neurotoxin, beta,beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) were analyzed in normal and congenitally neurofilament (NF)-deficient Japanese quails. These quails (6 weeks old) were injected intraperitoneally with IDPN (0.2 g/kg body weight) three times every 3 days. They were necropsied at 10 to 12 days after the first injection. In normal quails, axonal swellings were observed histologically in the ventral motoneurons, ventral root, commissura grisea and spinal ganglion in the cervical and synsacral spinal cord. Electron microscopically, the changes consisted of increased NFs, with scattered mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and microtubules. The myelin sheaths of the involved nerves were thinner than those of the normal axons. These lesions were similar to those induced by IDPN intoxication in mammalian experimental animals. In NF-deficient quails injected with IDPN, no axonal changes were detected. These findings suggested that IDPN selectively attacked the NFs.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Structures of N-linked sugar chains expressed mainly in mouse brain.

Sugar chains were liberated from mouse tissues (liver, heart, spleen, kidney, thymus, cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem) by hydrazinolysis. After acetylation of the free amino groups, the sugar chains released were pyridylaminated. Pyridylamino (PA-) derivatives of the sugar chains from each tissue were fractionated by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to their negative charges. Fractions containing PA-neutral sugar chains thus obtained were separated successively by size-fractionation HPLC and reversed-phase HPLC. Two sugar chains that were more abundant in neural tissues than in other tissues were purified. The structures of the two sugar chains were determined by sugar composition analysis, sequential exoglycosidase digestion, and methylation analysis. The proposed structures are shown below. A structure with n = 1 was found in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. A structure with n = 0 was abundant in the cerebrum and brain stem, but less so in the cerebellum. [formula: see text]

Amination↗
PubMed1993

Effect of co-aggregation on the pathogenicity of oral bacteria.

The pathogenicity of oral bacteria was studied by measuring the development of subcutaneous abscesses in mice after infection with Actinomyces viscosus and Streptococcus mitis either singly or as co-aggregated pairs. Heat-treated cells were also tested. The pathogenicity of the co-aggregates was examined in various viable and heat-treated combinations of the two bacterial species. More abscesses were formed by A. viscosus than S. mitis at all the bacterial concentrations tested. Also, abscess formation by co-aggregates of the two strains produced a higher percentage of abscess formation than those caused by infection with pure suspensions of A. viscosus or S. mitis. Co-aggregated cells were more resistant to phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, A. viscosus in co-aggregates were resistant to killing after engulfment by neutrophils. These results suggest that oral bacteria that are able to co-aggregate may resist phagocytosis, and this ability may be linked with pathogenicity.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

Maximal cytoreductive surgery and high dose cisplatin chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer.

Fifty-eight stage III patients treated at The Jikei University Hospital were analysed retrospectively, in order to clarify the combination effect of maximal cytoreductive surgery and high dose cisplatin based chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer. They were divided into 4 groups by treatment they received which was as follows: Group A (n = 25); total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), bilateral salpingooophorectomy (BSO) and omentectomy (OMTX) done at primary surgery and followed by 5 courses of "low dose" CAP therapy (cyclophosphamide 200 mg/sq m, adriamycin 20 mg/sq m, cisplatin 35 mg/sq m every 4 weeks for 5 courses). Group B (n = 4); TAH, BSO and OMTX carried out at primary surgery and followed by "high dose" CAP therapy (cyclophosphamide 200 mg/sq m, adriamycin 20 mg/sq m, cisplatin 70 mg/sq m, every 4 weeks for 5 courses and every 8-12 weeks for 5 courses thereafter). Group C (n = 13) received TAH, BSO and OMTX at the primary operation and paraaortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy (LNX) at the second look operation (SLO) with "high dose" CAP therapy as did Group B. Group D (n = 16), TAH, BSO, OMTX, LNX with maximal efforts made to reduce the size of the residual tumor to less than 2 cm at the primary surgery followed by "high dose" CAP therapy. The 3 year and 5 year survival rate of each group were as follows: Group A 15.6%, 15.6%, Group B 25.0%, 0%, Group C 81.8%, 0% and Group D 50.8%, 38.1%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗