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Biomedical subjects

K Noma

Publications and source records attributed to K Noma.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Clinical events in association with timing of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants.

To ascertain whether any routine practices or clinical manipulations in a neonatal intensive care unit could induce intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants, we performed ultrasonic monitoring of the germinal layer continuously for 48 hours in 33 extremely premature infants with respiratory distress. Intraventricular hemorrhage developed in 16 of these infants. In four infants the timing of the germinal layer hemorrhage was confirmed with ultrasonic monitoring. Three of the four cases were apparently associated with clinical events occurring at the moment of IVH: manual ventilation for improvement of hypercapnia associated with primary pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; correction of hyperkalemia, which was causing an arrhythmia, with administration of calcium gluconate and sodium bicarbonate; and administration of surfactant-TA to improve respiratory failure caused by pulmonary hemorrhage. In these three infants it appeared that one of the basic factors inducing IVH might be an increase in blood pressure with or without hypercapnia, causing cerebral reperfusion after ischemic damage of the germinal layer.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1992

A case of CREST syndrome with rapidly progressive liver damage.

A patient with CREST syndrome (calcinosis cutis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia) who had severe jaundice (total bilirubin 29.1 mg/dl) and rapidly progressive liver damage is reported. The liver damage findings matched the criteria of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (CAH). There have been no prior reports of a case of CREST syndrome with autoimmune CAH in Japan. Anticentromere antibody (ACA) was detected in the serum; ACA seemed to be related to the pathogenesis of these two diseases.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1992

CT appearance of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetic and immunocompromised patients: comparison with patients who had no underlying disease.

OBJECTIVE: It has been stated, but not adequately assessed, that pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetic or immunocompromised patients often has an atypical pattern and distribution. To evaluate the CT features of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetic or immunocompromised patients compared with patients without underlying disease, we performed this retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed conventional CT scans (n = 100) and high-resolution CT scans (n = 16) of the chest in 110 adult patients with active postprimary tuberculosis. Seventy-one patients had no underlying disease, 31 had diabetes mellitus, and eight were immunocompromised. RESULTS: In patients who had no underlying disease, 44 had nodular opacities, 11 had consolidation, and 13 had consolidation with associated loss of volume. Characteristic features of tuberculosis in this group of patients included segmental distribution (97%), satellite lesions (93%), single cavity within any given lesion (95%), and tendency toward architectural distortion and loss of volume. In diabetic and immunocompromised patients, 15 had nodular opacities, seven had consolidation, and 15 had consolidation with associated loss of volume. Diabetic and immunocompromised patients had a high prevalence of nonsegmental distribution (30%) and multiple small cavities within any given lesion (44%). Unusual localization of tuberculosis, including disease confined to the basal segments of the lower lobes, anterior segment of the upper lobes, or right middle lobe, occurred equally in both groups (17% and 18%). CONCLUSION: We conclude that diabetic and immunocompromised patients have a higher prevalence of multiple cavities within any given lesion (p < .01) and of nonsegmental distribution (p < .01) than do patients without underlying disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical characteristics of the patients with primary infection of Mycobacterium avium complex].

Clinical characteristics are analyzed in patients with primary infection of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). The definition of primary infection of MAC are determined as follows; 1) MAC is found several times since the beginning of the disease, 2) clinical symptoms or abnormal shadow corresponding to MAC infection on chest roentgenogram, 3) no old tuberculous lesions nor other abnormal shadows like bronchiectasis, 4) no abnormal serological results suggesting other bacterial or viral infections. According to this definition, 17 out of 84 MAC patients are diagnosed as primary MAC infection, and clinical features are analyzed in these 17 patients. Average age of patients is 61.1 +/- 12.9 year old. This age is significantly higher than that of inpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis in our hospital, and lower than that of all MAC patients including secondary infection. Five (29.4%) are male and 12 (70.6%) are female, the ratio of male to female is 1 to 2.4. This value is significantly different with that of inpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis in our hospital who show about 3 to 1. Most of the patients complained of cough with sputum, especially of hemosputum. Eleven out of 17 patients (64.7%) complained repeated hemosputum. The frequency of hemosputum is very high compared with that of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (about 20%). No compromised condition was present except for a patient with Behçet's disease who are taking steroid hormone. Roentgenographic features of primary infection are those of scattered small nodular lesions in the peripheral part of the lung, thin wall cavity formation, no contraction of the diseased lung nor dislocation of the trachea.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Myelination in very low birth weight infants--evaluation by MRI].

The prognostic significance of cerebral myelination was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in very low birth weight infants. Myelination was graded in two specified sites, optic radiation and corpus callosum, based on the stages of normal term babies and healthy premature infants. The subjects were 30 preterm infants weighing less than 1,500 gm at birth. MRI was performed at 4 to 7 months (corrected age). The normal myelination stage was seen in 18 cases, while a delayed stage was noticed in 12 cases. In the normal myelination group, only 1 case (6%) had handicaps. In the delayed myelination group, 8 cases (67%) had handicaps. Our results showed that delayed myelination was closely related to a poor prognosis. We believe that MRI would be a very good imaging modality for predicting the outcome of very low birth weight infants, particularly in terms of evaluation of myelination.

Brain↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical effect of miconazole gel against upper digestive tract mycosis].

A total of 43 patients, comprising 41 patients with oral candidiasis and 2 with esophageal candidiasis, were treated with miconazole (MCZ) gel to assess its efficacy and safety in treating upper digestive tract mycosis. The efficacy of the drug was evaluable in 33 of them, consisting of 32 patients with oral candidiasis and 1 with esophageal candidiasis. The clinical efficacy rate of the drug against oral candidiasis was 87.5% (28/32 patients), and the clinical response was good in the 1 evaluable patient with esophageal candidiasis. The safety of the drug was assessed in 40 patients. In 3 (7.5%) of them, nausea occurred as an adverse event, but was not particularly serious in any of them. No abnormal laboratory test values caused by the drug were observed. The results suggested that MCZ gel would be a very useful drug in treating oral and esophageal candidiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Left ventricular performance in rats with chronic cardiac overload due to arterio-venous shunt.

The effects of experimental arterio-venous shunt (AV shunt) on left ventricular dynamics and myocardial mechanics were investigated in female Wistar rats, weighing approx. 240 g. The main goal of the study was to characterize ventricular and myocardial working capacity and to estimate the significance of the various processes involved in cardiac adaptation to the altered loading conditions. Twelve weeks after operation, systemic blood pressure was slightly elevated in AV shunt rats as compared with age-matched controls, although total peripheral resistance (as related to a common aortic pressure) was significantly reduced. Heart rate and cardiac output were considerably increased. Despite marked left ventricular dilatation with increased end-diastolic and systolic wall stress, no signs of resting insufficiency were present. Left ventricular weight, end-diastolic volume and pressure, stroke volume, and ejection fraction were increased. The area between the curve of isovolumic maxima and the end-diastolic P-V curve (up to a defined end-diastolic pressure) and the normalized area between the isovolumic and end-diastolic stress-length curves as well as the maximum rate of stress development were augmented, even in the specimen with the highest degree of ventricular dilatation--despite a shift of the myosin isoenzyme pattern towards VM3. The study reveals that besides the change in ventricular mass and configuration, augmented preload is involved in cardiac adaptation to the altered hemodynamic state. Furthermore, there are indications of an intensified sympathetic stimulation of the heart. Transformation of the myocardium towards a slower muscle seems to be of minor functional significance under the conditions of the present experiments.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

[Observation of occlusal force in prosthetic crown cementings].

The method of pressure force in crown cementing was examined. Continuous occlusal force was always supported by the patients' personal occlusal force in cementing crowns. We found that continuous occlusal force continuously decreased as the occlusal force increased, and the decreasing morphologies were classified into four types, 'Rapid decrease', 'Step-wise decrease', 'Intermediate decrease' and 'Gradual decrease'.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1989

Bone marrow and serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in patients with leukemia and normal subjects.

Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D], and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] in bone marrow and serum of patients with leukemia and normal subjects were assayed. There were highly significant correlations between the bone marrow and serum concentrations of the respective vitamin D metabolites. Especially, the concentrations of 25-OH-D and 1,25(OH)2D in the bone marrow gave very similar values to those in serum. This is a big advantage in controlling the bone marrow levels of vitamin D metabolites in patients with leukemia, because doctors can calculate the bone marrow levels from the serum levels of the respective vitamin D metabolites without bone marrow aspiration. When 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha-OH-D3) was administered orally to eight patients with leukemia, clinical conditions were improved in seven patients: four complete remissions (CR), one partial response (PR), and two minor responses (MR) without severe hypercalcemia. The results suggest that the therapy with 1 alpha-OH-D3 is fairly effective for curing human leukemia although it is not dramatic.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pathology of the liver in "idiopathic portal hypertension" associated with autoimmune disease. The Ministry of Health and Welfare Disorders of Portal Circulation Research Committee.

The histopathology of the liver in idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) associated with autoimmune disease (15 cases), was examined and compared with that of IPH without autoimmune disease (31 cases). It was found that hepatic histopathology was heterogeneous in the cases with autoimmune disease. That is, the hepatic histopathology in 7 cases was similar to that of classic IPH without autoimmune disease, and the remaining 8 cases disclosed unusual lesions such as focal non-suppurative cholangitis, nodular parenchymal hyperplasia, moderate portal inflammation, and intrahepatic ductopenia. These unusual lesions, which frequently coexisted in the same case, were not typical ones for making other diagnoses such as primary biliary cirrhosis or nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. These findings suggest that unusual histologic lesions in the livers of IPH patients with autoimmune disease may represent an accentuated immunologic reaction inherent in IPH, or that such cases may be an abortive or incomplete form of primary biliary cirrhosis or nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical investigation of 200 patients with acute herpes zoster--factor influencing treatment of herpetic pain].

Two hundred patients were treated by various nerve blocks with (A; 100 cases) or without (B; 100 cases) acyclovir (ACV) for acute herpes zoster, and studied retrospectively to determine the factors influencing the duration of pain. All patients started to receive the treatment within 2 weeks after manifestation of herpetic rash, and were divided equally into two groups by the severity of pain. The severe (I) and moderate (II) pain groups had similar locations of skin lesions. Group I had significantly larger population of the aged, and higher proportion of patients who had preherpetic pain than group II. The period of pain was significantly longer in group I B than group I A, in group II B than group II A, in group I A than group II A and in group I B than group II B. However, distribution of the rash, age and occurrence of preherpetic pain were not related to the duration of pain in the groups with the same degree of pain and treatment. These results showed that ACV was effective in inflammatory pain and accelerated healing in the acute phase of herpes zoster. The severity of pain had the greatest influence on the duration of pain. The age and preherpetic pain closely correlated with the severity of pain.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Chronic cardiac reactions. I. Assessment of ventricular and myocardial work capacity in the hypertrophied and dilated ventricle.

The end-systolic and end-diastolic pressure-volume or stress-length curves define the margins of the various conceivable courses of pressure-volume or stress-length loops. Although the end-systolic pressure-volume and stress-length relations of isovolumetric and afterloaded contractions are not entirely identical, the area between isovolumetric maxima- and end-diastolic minima curves in the pressure-volume or stress-length diagram can be taken as a measure of potential ventricular and myocardial work under different yet defined mechanical conditions. The normalized stress-length area, as derived from the left ventricular pressure-volume diagram and myocardial mass, renders a rational basis for global quantitative evaluation of myocardial work capacity. The area obtained is independent of ventricular mass and size and as such is invaluable for assessing hypertrophied and/or dilated hearts, and thus interindividual comparison of myocardial contractile capability based on physical principles. However, this measure should be supplemented by considering time dependent parameters (e.g. maximum rate of stress development as a function of end-diastolic stress). The principle set here for evaluating ventricular and myocardial performance should always be borne in mind, especially when referring to more empirical parameters.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Chronic cardiac reactions. III. Factors involved in the development of structural dilatation.

The significance of various factors for the development of structural dilatation in the chronically pressure-loaded and failing heart were evaluated. The investigations were performed on male rats with renal (Goldblatt II) and spontaneous (Aoki-Okamoto) hypertension at different stages of haemodynamic overload. Two groups of SHR were submitted to intermittent feeding (SHR IF); one group received additionally the beta-blocking agent atenolol (50 mg/kg b.w.; SHR IF + beta Bl.). Haemodynamic measurements were carried out under open chest conditions. Myosin isoenzyme pattern, hydroxyproline concentration and circulating blood volume were determined. Transformation to slower myocardium per se, induced by IF, did not lead to significant change in ventricular configuration. After additional blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors there were indications of unfavourable development of left ventricular configuration. Inhibition of hypertrophic mass increase due to curtailed adrenergic stimulation could be an influential factor in the development of dilatation. Further investigations, however, are required to establish the relationship between the adrenergic system, on the one hand, and degree of hypertrophy as well as structural dilatation of the ventricle, on the other hand. The established marked increase in hydroxyproline concentration of the dilated ventricle of SHR in congestive failure is consistent with the assumption of a causal link between the degree of fibrosis and structural dilatation. Observations on rats with aorto-caval shunt and Goldblatt II rats with eccentric hypertrophy and corresponding increase in filling potential or circulating blood volume indicate a correlation between the latter and ventricular size. Thus, we assume that curtailed protein synthesis, fibrosis and regulatory processes related to water and electrolyte balance, but not myocardial transformation per se, play a role in the development of structural dilatation. The relative contribution of each factor, however, may depend on the experimental model that is used.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Sodium molybdate converts the RNA-associated transformed, oligomeric form of the glucocorticoid receptor into the transformed, monomeric form.

The glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver cytosol prepared in 2 ml buffer/g tissue sedimented at approximately 10 S in low salt density gradient centrifugation without molybdate. When the receptor was heated at 25 degrees C, both approximately 10 S and approximately 7 S forms were seen in low salt gradient. The approximately 10 S form was not capable of binding to DNA-cellulose and was stabilized by sodium molybdate, namely it corresponded to untransformed receptor. The approximately 7 S form was capable of binding to DNA-cellulose and regarded as transformed receptor. On the other hand, partially-purified transformed receptor labeled with [3H]dexamethasone-21-mesylate sedimented at approximately 5 S, which migrated as a approximately 94 kDa species in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The reconstitution analysis of this partially-purified approximately 5 S receptor and liver cytosol, showed the shift to approximately 7 S form. RNase A or T1 converted approximately 7 S transformed form into approximately 5 S but it did not affect approximately 10 S untransformed form. 5-20 mM sodium molybdate also shifted approximately 7 S to approximately 5 S. These results indicate that the approximately 7 S transformed form of the glucocorticoid receptor observed in low salt conditions might be an oligomer, probably including both approximately 5 S steroid-binding component and RNA/ribonucleoprotein, and that molybdate dissociates these interactions in a specific manner.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1987

Biological and biochemical characterization of estrogen-dependent mouse Leydig cell tumors.

Leydig cell tumors formed in BALB/c mice were found to be able to be transplanted subcutaneously in the same strain. One of the sublines, called T 22137, showed growth inhibition in response to estrogenization of host mice. The other subline (T 124958-O), which was originally classified as an estrogen-independent line, was observed to contain the low-affinity estradiol binding component in the cytosol fraction. At a later stage of transplantation, however, the growth of this subline was modestly but significantly enhanced by estrogenic stimuli. This alteration was accompanied by appearance of an estrogen receptor-like molecule which was associated with chromatin even in the absence of estrogen stimuli. In the presence of estrogen selection pressure, a new tumor line, designated as T 124958-R, was established, which showed marked estrogen-dependent growth. T 124958-R was found to contain the cytosolic estrogen receptor. The additional difference was that the annulate lamellae were identified only in T 124958-R, but not in T 124958, by electron microscopic studies. The estrogen dependency of T 124958-R was further substantiated by demonstration of an estrogen secretory protein as well as the estrogen-enhanced formation of 5 alpha-steroids. T 22137 showed growth inhibition in tamoxifen-treated mice. The growth of T 124958-R was enhanced by the administration of tamoxifen to mice. This tamoxifen-induced tumor growth was further stimulated by the simultaneous administration of estrogen. These observations would suggest that mouse Leydig cell tumor systems provide us with a valuable model to investigate the influence of estrogen as well as antiestrogen on malignant cells.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1987

Leupeptin inhibits the transformation of glucocorticoid receptor.

The effect of leupeptin upon the transformation of the glucocorticoid receptor was tested. When the labeled receptor was treated with heat or high salt in the presence of leupeptin, the binding to DNA-cellulose decreased in a dose-dependent manner. We observed 50% inhibition with about 40 mM leupeptin. The addition of leupeptin after the transformation procedures did not inhibit the binding to DNA-cellulose. In gradient centrifugation, 40 mM leupeptin retained approximately 10S, untransformed form. Elution profiles from DEAE-cellulose showed the preservation of the peak eluted with 0.2 M KCl, corresponding to the untransformed form. These results indicate that leupeptin might have the similar effects to molybdate in regard to blocking the transformation of rat liver glucocorticoid receptor, though the effects with leupeptin were not as great as those seen with molybdate.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1987

Subacute and long term effect of swimming training on blood pressure in young and old spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The effects of swimming training (three weeks' training with the duration increasing up to a maximum of 180 min per day, at a water temperature of 36 degrees C) on arterial blood pressure were studied in 4, 11, and 18 month old spontaneously hypertensive rats. In addition, in the 11 month old rats the change in blood pressure after individual exercise was determined. The significance of a training induced loss of body weight in lowering blood pressure was assessed by pair feeding of sedentary age matched spontaneously hypertensive rats. Blood pressure was reduced by approximately 50 mmHg within 8-10 days, except in the oldest rats, which tolerated the physical activity poorly and had, if any, only a moderate fall in blood pressure. It was possible to distinguish between subacute transient effects lasting for not more than one day and long term effects. Blood pressures were 20-25 mmHg lower after individual swimming routines than those before exercise when measured on the ninth day of the training programme. On cessation of training, blood pressures approached those of sedentary rats within two weeks. It seems that the loss of body weight was of minor importance in lowering blood pressure under these experimental conditions.

Aging↗