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Biomedical subjects

K Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Noguchi.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of serum glycated albumin.

A method for determination of serum glycated albumin by high-performance liquid chromatography is presented. The system involves anion exchange chromatography to separate albumin and consecutive boronate affinity chromatography to separate glycated and nonglycated albumin. The method is rapid (20 min), precise (coefficient of variation, 0.7-4.9%), requires only a small sample (5 microliters), and can be automated. Assay of glycated albumin by this method is not influenced by the protein concentration of the sample or the presence of glucose. The variation in glycated albumin values in consecutive samples obtained within a day from diabetic patients (coefficient of variation, 2.02 +/- 0.65%) was significantly smaller (p less than 0.001) than that of values for fructosamine (coefficient of variation, 4.33 +/- 2.0%). The values of glycated albumin in normal subjects (20.2 +/- 1.6%) were clearly less than those in diabetic patients [39.6 +/- 5.4% in 40 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and 39.4 +/- 5.9% in 25 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) patients]. The serum glycated albumin level was well correlated with HbA1c in 65 diabetic patients (r = 0.60). Because the life span of albumin in the circulation is short, measurement of glycated albumin should be useful as a short-term index of glycaemic control.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1988

A gigantic neurilemoma originating in the pterygopalatine fossa. Case report.

A 7-year-old girl complained of gradually progressing right nasal obstruction, right exophthalmos, and deterioration of right visual acuity. Computed tomography scanning showed a large mass originating in the pterygopalatine fossa and extending to both the pterygomaxillary fossa and the orbital apex on the right side. The tumor was totally removed via the orbitozygomatic infratemporal approach. The literature is reviewed and the operative approach is discussed.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1988

A noxious stimulus induces the preprotachykinin-A gene expression in the rat dorsal root ganglion: a quantitative study using in situ hybridization histochemistry.

Using in situ hybridization histochemistry, we examined the biosynthesis of the preprotachykinin-A (PPTA) mRNAs, which code for substance P (SP) and also a related peptide, substance K (SK), in the rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG). The animals were injected with a small amount of formalin in the right hindpaw for nociceptive chemical stimulation. Analysis of hybridization signals in the emulsion autoradiography showed that the lumbar-5 DRG neurons expressing PPTA mRNAs were significantly increased in number and signal intensity on the formalin-injected side. Such elevation of the PPTA mRNA expression in the DRG was observed as early as 3 h after formalin injection. These results show that the expression of the PPTA gene is activated by chemogenic noxious stimuli.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte 15-lipoxygenase activity in juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis.

15-lipoxygenase activity was investigated in sonicated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) from patients with juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis and adult periodontitis. The group with juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis had 17 patients (6 male, 11 female, mean age 27.4 years), and the age matched control group had 18 normal individuals (11 male, 7 female, mean age 26.3 years). The group with adult periodontitis had 14 patients with 9 male, 5 female, mean age 45.2 years and the age-matched control group had 6 normal subjects with 5 male, 1 female, mean age 43.7 years. 15-hydroxyeicosa-tetraenoic acid (15-HETE) synthesized in the group with juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis was 0.219 +/- 0.102 ng/mg protein (mean +/- S.D.), while it was 0.410 +/- 0.138 ng/mg protein in the age-matched control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups. The group with adult periodontitis produced 0.358 +/- 0.124 ng/mg protein and the age matched control group produced 0.448 +/- 0.176 ng/mg protein (no significant difference). These results are relevant to reports that PMNLs of patients with juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis have abnormal functions, while those of patients with adult periodontitis are normal.

12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Effects of atenolol and some other beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents on norepinephrine-induced responses in isolated and perfused rat hearts.

The effects of atenolol and another three beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents on norepinephrine (NE)-induced cardiac responses were examined in isolated and perfused rat hearts following a Langendorff method. Bolus injection of atenolol did not show significant inhibitory effects on NE-induced increases in myocardial contractile force (MCF) and heart rate. Bolus injections of metoprolol and timolol were also ineffective for inhibiting NE-responses. However, both bolus injection and infusion of propranolol or infusion of atenolol, metoprolol and timolol all significantly inhibited NE-responses. On sustained increase in MCF induced by infusion of NE, the inhibitory effect of atenolol was transient, while that of propranolol was continuous. From these results, it is concluded that atenolol displays a different time course of action on NE-induced cardiac responses by bolus injection or infusion because of its pharmacological properties, which may be due to its low lipophilicity.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

Biological activities of novel recombinant tumor necrosis factor having N-terminal amino acid sequences derived from cytotoxic factors produced by THP-1 cells.

Eight species of novel recombinant tumor necrosis factor-S (rTNF-SAM group) were constructed in which N-terminal amino acid sequences were based on that of TNF-S from THP-1 cells with higher basicity than conventional rTNF-alpha. Two of this rTNF-SAM group, denoted as rTNF-SAM1 and rTNF-SAM2, showed more cytocidal activity on A549 lung carcinoma cells and G401 Wilm's tumor cells than did rTNF-alpha. In addition to these cell lines, rTNF-SAM1 revealed strong cytocidal activity on T24 bladder carcinoma cells, which are resistant to rTNF-alpha. Moreover, possible cachectin activity of rTNF-SAM2 seemed to be lower than that of conventional rTNF-alpha, suggesting that rTNF-SAM2 has less side effects. Actually, toxicity as expressed by LD50 value of rTNF-SAM2 as well as others of the rTNF-SAM group was significantly lower than that of conventional rTNF-alpha. Thus, newly constructed rTNF-SAM1 and rTNF-SAM2 should be more promising antitumor reagents for clinical use, since they were shown to be superior to conventional rTNF-alpha both in antitumor effect and in less side effects.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Construction of a vector for the study of regulatory mechanism of gene expression and its utilization in the melibiose operon of Escherichia coli.

We constructed a vector to evaluate terminator or attenuator of transcription quantitatively. This vector is a plasmid possessing lac promoter-polylinker-CAT(chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) gene. DNA fragment of interest can be inserted into the polylinker site, and the effect of the DNA fragment on the expression of the downstream gene is evaluated from the CAT activity. We analyzed gene expression of the melibiose operon of Escherichia coli using this plasmid, and found that a DNA fragment containing a large stem-loop structure with boxA sequence in it, which was present between melA and melB, caused strong reduction of gene expression. This DNA portion seems to be responsible for reduced expression of melB, the second gene of the melibiose operon.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1988

Cardiovascular effects of the new calcium antagonist isradipine and of diltiazem in anesthetized open-chest dogs.

Cardiovascular effects of the new calcium antagonist, isradipine (PN 200-110), were compared with those of diltiazem in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Isradipine 5 micrograms/kg i.v. produced significant decreases in systolic, diastolic and mean aortic blood pressure (AoP) concomitant with a decrease in mean renal blood flow (RBF) and increases in mean vertebral blood flow (VBF), mean coronary blood flow (CBF) and left ventricular dP/dt (LVdP/dt), but almost unchanged heart rate (HR) and left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP). Diltiazem 300 micrograms/kg i.v. also produced decreases in AoP and RBF and increases in AoF, VBF and CBF. LVdP/dt and LVEDP were not significantly changed, but HR was decreased by this drug. Duration of increase in AoF, VBF and CBF was significantly longer in isradipine than in diltiazem. The decrease of coronary vascular resistance relative to total peripheral resistance was significantly greater than 1.0 for diltiazem, but not for isradipine. Results indicate that isradipine produces effects on AoP, AoF, VBF, CBF, RBF and LVEDP similar to diltiazem and the drug increases LVdP/dt without a decrease in HR in contrast to diltiazem, and that the effects of isradipine were long sustained when compared with those of diltiazem.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1988

[Primary mediastinal seminoma--a case report].

Primary mediastinal seminoma is a rare germ cell tumor that is histologically identical to testicular seminoma. Fifty-one cases have been reported in the Japanese literature. This report concerns a new case of this tumor which showed high levels of a serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and a serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The patient is a 27 year old man whose father underwent an orchiectomy with postoperative radiation therapy for testicular tumor. After radiation and chemotherapy, the patient's chest X-ray showed complete regression of the mass, and his ALP and ACE decreased to normal levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of intracoronary propranolol on coronary blood flow and regional myocardial function in dogs.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intracoronary administration of dl-propranolol on coronary blood flow and regional myocardial function in anesthetized open-chest dogs. The results were compared with those obtained with d-propranolol, atenolol and lidocaine. Bolus intracoronary injections of dl-propranolol (0.02-2 mg) dose dependently produced transient increases in coronary blood flow and subsequent depression in regional segment shortening which qualitatively resembled those produced by the dextro isomer (0.02-2 mg) and lidocaine (0.2-10 mg). Atenolol (up to 2 mg) was almost devoid of these effects. Isoproterenol-induced responses were abolished by dl-propranolol and atenolol but only incompletely blocked by d-propranolol. These results demonstrate that propranolol at high doses has direct coronary vasodilating and cardiodepressant effects in situ, and indicate that the major part of these effects can be attributed to the membrane-stabilizing action rather than beta-adrenoceptor blockade.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Studies on the feedback regulation of gonadotropin concentrations in male rats. (II). Partial characterization of 5 alpha-reductase in the medial basal hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland].

To evaluate the testosterone (T) 5 alpha-reductase activity in medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and anterior pituitary gland of the adult male rat, whole homogenate of MBH or anterior pituitary glands was incubated with 14C-T in the presence of coenzymes under various experimental conditions. Major metabolites were 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha (beta), 17 beta-diol(3 alpha(beta)-diol) and delta 4 androstenedione. The activity of 5 alpha-reductase was expressed as the sum of the amount of DHT and 3 alpha(beta)-diol formed after incubation. The metabolites converted from T was separated and identified by thin layer chromatography and confirmed by recrystallization. The anterior pituitary gland possessed about four times higher 5 alpha-reductase activity compared with that in MBH. NADPH was essential for 5 alpha-reductase activity. They existed in microsomal fraction. They had same optimum temperature and almost same optimum pH. The Michaelis constant of the 5 alpha-reductase for T in MBH and anterior pituitary gland was 3.1 X 10(-7) M and 5.6 X 10(-7) M, respectively. These results suggest that 5 alpha-reduced metabolites of T, especially DHT have some physiologically significant roles in not only MBH but also anterior pituitary gland. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that 5 alpha-reductase in the anterior pituitary showed higher activity than that in MBH.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1987

[Studies on the feedback regulation of gonadotropin concentrations in male rats. (III). The effects of testosterone and its metabolites on gonadotropin secretion from rat pituitary cells in culture].

To determine whether dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or estradiol (E2) exerts negative or positive feedback effects on rat pituitary gland, Testosterone (T) metabolite (T, DHT, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol:3 alpha-diol or E2) was added to the cultured pituitary cells. Anterior pituitary glands were obtained from 6-week-old male rats. Pituitary cells were prepared by trypsin digestion and incubated with various concentrations of steroid hormones for 72 h to determine the effects of steroid hormones on basal secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) after 48 h preculture without steroids. Then 10 nM luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) with appropriate concentrations of these steroid hormones was added to the pituitary cells in culture and incubated for another 6h to determine the effects of steroid hormones on LH-RH induced gonadotropin release. After the incubation, pituitary cells were lysed with 0.1% Triton X100 to measure the intracellular gonadotropin content. The concentration of LH and FSH was determined by radioimmunoassay. T, DHT and 3 alpha-diol stimulated basal FSH but not basal LH secretion, and inhibited both the release of FSH and LH from cultured pituitary cells during incubations with LH-RH in a dose-dependent fashion. Intracellular content of both FSH and LH were increased, and total FSH and not LH was also increased by the addition of DHT in a dose-dependent manner. E2 did not exert any of such effects on pituitary cells in culture. These studies suggest that 5 alpha-reduced metabolites but not aromatized metabolite of T play an important role on feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion at pituitary level. DHT directly acts on pituitary gland not only to stimulate the production of FSH but also to suppress FSH and LH secretion induced by LH-RH.

Androstane-3,17-diol↗
PubMed1987

Improvement of cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by increase in basicity of its N-terminal region.

Two new recombinant TNFs (named rTNF-Scw1 and -Scw2) with higher basicity than conventional recombinant human TNF-alpha (rTNF-alpha) in the N-terminal region were constructed. Their sequences were constructed based on those of partially purified cytotoxic factors from the culture supernatant of acute monocytic leukemia cells THP-1, which unlike rTNF-alpha are cytotoxic to T24 bladder carcinoma cells in vitro. These new rTNF-Ss showed a broader cytotoxicity to tumor cells than rTNF-alpha. This increase in the basicity of the N-terminal region over that of conventional TNF significantly increased the cytotoxicity on tumor cells in vivo as well as in vitro.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of human glutamyl- and lysylplasminogen by high-performance affinity chromatography.

An analytical system for the fibrinolytic system in the blood is described, based on high-performance affinity chromatography and a newly devised specific proenzyme detection procedure. Plasminogen subspecies in human plasma without any pretreatment (less than 100 microliters) were specifically separated on an high-performance affinity column. For detection they were continuously activated by urokinase, and their elution profile was determined by assay of the plasmin activity using a specific fluorogenic substrate. Preliminary data on plasma from a patient are presented.

Chromatography, Affinity↗
PubMed1987

Class-specific regulation of anti-DNA antibody synthesis and the age-associated changes in (NZB x NZW)F1 hybrid mice.

Investigations of regulatory helper and suppressor T cells in the in vitro anti-DNA antibody synthesis in NZB x NZW (B/W) F1 hybrid mice were initiated by the development of an in vitro system in which G10-passed B cells from B/W F1 mice were cocultured with mitomycin C-treated T cells in the presence of Con A and either in the presence or in the absence of LPS. It was revealed that each IgG and IgM anti-DNA antibody synthesis was under the regulation of separate L3T4+ helper and Ly-2+ suppressor T cells. The function of these class-specific regulatory T cells was age-dependent. Although the helper effect of L3T4+ T cells on IgG antibody synthesis increased, the effect of L3T4+ T cells on IgM antibody production decreased in B/W F1 mice with aging. The IgG anti-DNA antibody production in the cocultures of L3T4+ T cells and B cells was suppressed by addition of Ly-2+ T cells from young but not aged B/W F1 mice, whereas the production of IgM anti-DNA antibodies was suppressed by Ly-2+ T cells from aged but not young B/W F1 mice. We also found that although IgM anti-DNA antibody-producing B cells were already present in 2-mo-old mice, B cells producing IgG antibodies under the influence of L3T4+ T cells appeared in mice at 7 mo of age. These data clearly indicate that separate class-specific regulatory T cells are involved in the production of IgM and IgG anti-DNA antibodies and that the total serum level of the antibodies is reflected by both their age-associated changes and the generation of antibody-forming B cells in B/W F1 mice.

Aging↗