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Biomedical subjects

K Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to K Nishimura.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Gastrointestinal complications and their prevention after abdominal aortic reconstruction, especially factors and prevention of paralytic intestinal ileus after a abdominal bifurcated grafting operation].

We experienced 66 cases of abdominal aortic repair, which contained 49 cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and 17 cases of high leveled arteriosclerotic occlusion (high ASO), since March, 1977 till December, 1985. Operative procedures were 44 cases of Y-graft replacement and 5 cases of tube graft interposition for all of AAA, and Y bypass grafting for high ASO. As early gastrointestinal complications after these repairs, paralytic intestinal ileus was found 9 cases in AAA group and no case in high ASO group. Mechanical intestinal ileus needed surgical lysis was found one case in AAA group and one case in high ASO group, upper gastrointestinal bleeding was found 2 cases in both groups, transient ischemic colitis 4 cases in AAA group, and liver dysfunction 4 cases in AAA group. The most frequent complication was paralytic intestinal ileus. In the comparison between 9 cases of paralytic intestinal ileus and others, operative time of the former was significantly longer than that of the latter. But there were no differences in the incidence of other factors. We think that, operative procedure must be chosen in consideration of shortening the operative time. And careful management of gastrointestinal tract and pre-operative correction of general conditions, especially the correction of serum electrolytes and nutrition are the most important.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide is released from the heart and circulates in the body.

In order to clarify whether or not atrial natriuretic polypeptides are hormones in man, we have measured plasma alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP)-like immunoreactivity (alpha-hANP-LI) with or without extraction procedure. alpha-hANP-LI was detected in plasma extracts from all 5 normal subjects and 7 patients with heart diseases. The alpha-hANP-LI concentration in normal peripheral plasma was 37.7 +/- 7.0 pg/ml (mean +/- SE). Plasma concentrations of alpha-hANP-LI in the coronary sinus obtained by cardiac catheterization were 3 to 10 times higher than those in the peripheral vein, inferior vena cava, right atrium, pulmonary artery and aorta. High performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for alpha-hANP revealed that alpha-hANP-LI in normal peripheral plasma eluted at the position corresponding to that of authentic alpha-hANP without detectable amounts of high molecular weight forms. alpha-hANP-LI extracted from plasma taken from the coronary sinus of two patients also showed a single peak of alpha-hANP-LI co-eluting with alpha-hANP. In contrast, not only alpha-hANP but gamma-hANP and beta-hANP, high molecular weight forms, were present in the human atrial tissue. These results indicate that alpha-hANP is the predominant form of alpha-hANP-LI in human plasma and that this form generated in the atrial cardiocytes is preferentially released from these cells and circulates in the body.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Conversion of Coccidioides immitis from a mycelial form to spherules using the 'agar-implantation method'.

The morphological conversion of Coccidioides immitis in vivo was observed using the agar-implantation method. Short hyphae implanted into the peritoneal cavity of mice swelled gradually and many septa appeared in them after 48 hours. As the implantation period advanced, these arthroconidia swelled and then broke up into spherical cells at the 72nd hour. On the other hand, arthroconidia implanted into the peritoneal cavity of mice also swelled and became immature spherules within 72 hours. During the 96th hour a few of the spherules reached a stage of maturity. They were filled with numerous endospores. The agar-implantation method is therefore a useful for the demonstration of spherules of C. immitis.

Agar↗
PubMed1985

Scanning electron microscope studies on the parasitic cycle of Coccidioides immitis.

The process involved in the in vivo conversion of the arthroconidia of Coccidioides immitis into endosporulating spherules was studied with the aid of a scanning electron microscope. By the fifth and sixth day after inoculation of laboratory mice, complete conversion had occurred in their kidneys, lungs, and spleens. The progressive stages of cleavage that occurred in the enlarged arthroconidia were initiated by invagination at several points of the cytoplasmic membrane that covers the inner surface of the developing spherule's cytoplasm was divided into progressive smaller segments. These segments were aggregated in packets and enclosed in a membranous sac. At maturity the membrane dissolved, and the endospores were freed within the spherules. Finally, the spherule wall ruptured, and the endospores were released.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Tissue responses against Cladosporium trichoides and its parasitic forms in congenitally athymic nude mice and their heterozygous littermates.

The tissue responses against Cladosporium trichoides and its parasitic forms were studied using nude (nu/nu) mice and their heterozygous (nu/+) littermates of BALB/c background. 1.0, 0.1 and 0.01% cell suspensions were prepared from a culture broth which had been inoculated with the C. trichoides and cultured with reciprocal shaking at 27 degrees C for 7 days. Sixty nu/nu or 60 nu/+ mice were divided into three groups consisting of 20 each which was allotted to one of the three cell suspensions. Each mouse was inoculated intravenously with 0.1 ml of either the cell suspensions. Two mice from each of the six groups were sacrificed at adequate intervals until 30 days after inoculation and histopathologic sections stained with H & E or by PAS were prepared from their visceral organs. There were no characteristic findings in the nu/nu and nu/+ mice inoculated with the 0.01% cell suspension. When inoculated with the 1.0% cell suspension, the brain was the favorite target organ in both groups of mice and the kidney was the second. When inoculated with the 0.1% cell suspension, brain lesions were observed only in the nu/nu mice. The susceptibility of the nu/nu mice was higher than that of the nu/+ mice. The parasitic forms in the brain of the nu/nu and nu/+ mice were slender septate true hyphae with or without polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltrate, while in the liver, spleen and lung of both groups of mice the parasitic forms were short thick hyphae, moniliform hyphae, chlamydospores or round cells (sclerotic cells). Many giant cells containing fungal elements appeared in the liver of the nu/nu mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Pathogenicity of Exophiala jeanselmei for ddY mice.

The pathogenicity of three cultures isolated as Phialophora jeanselmei was compared with that of three cultures of Phialophora gougerotii using ddY mice. One hundred and twenty mice were used. They were divided into 6 groups consisting of 20 each. Each culture was evaluated in 20 mice. Mice were inoculated intravenously with 0.2 ml of a 1% (wet weight/vol.) yeast-like cell suspension and sacrificed at adequate intervals until the 30th day. As results, 1) the virulence of the three cultures each of P. jeanselmei and P. gougerotii to ddY mice was mild. 2) These cultures were not neurotropic. 3) P. gougerotii survived longer in the mice than P. jeanselmei. 4) There were no major differences in histopathology of the lesions in the mice inoculated with the two taxa.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Further studies on the phylogenesis of the genus Exophiala and Hortaea.

The conidial ontogenesis of the pathogenic black yeasts is studied at an ultrastructural level and their phylogenesis is discussed. Five cultures of Exophiala dermatitidis, four of E. jeanselmei, one of E. moniliae, one of E. spinifera and six of H. werneckii were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The conidial ontogenesis of the Exophiala species is not pleomorphic but only annellidic. There are definite differences in morphology of annellated tips among the Exophiala species. The ontogenesis of Hortaea werneckii consists of a combination of sympodial and annellidic conidiogenesis. Its sympodial anamorph is unique and the annellidic anamorph is considered to be a homology of the sympodial one.

Exophiala↗
PubMed1985

Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular wall motion in myocarditis.

Segmental wall motion abnormalities are common in patients with myocarditis. Left ventricular (LV) regional wall motion was assessed in six patients with myocarditis by two-dimensional echocardiography. Some of our patients demonstrated regional thinning of the wall, similar to myocardial infarction. Therefore, segmental wall motion abnormalities with or without regional wall thinning detected by two-dimensional echocardiography cannot be used to differentiate myocarditis from coronary artery disease. Nevertheless, echocardiography can be performed repeatedly and is useful for evaluating the severity of myocarditis by assessing LV regional wall motion abnormalities, changes in LV wall thickness and cardiac pump function during the course of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Adjuvant activity of chitin derivatives in mice and guinea-pigs.

Adjuvant activity of chitin derivatives was examined in guinea-pigs and mice. Among derivatives of chitin tested, 30 and 70% deacetylated chitin (DAC-30 and DAC-70), were active as adjuvants for the circulating-antibody formation to bacterial alpha-amylase and for the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to azobenzenearsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine. DAC-70 enhanced the helper T cell function, the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and the activity of natural killer cells in mice, however, it was inactive as mitogen. Other derivatives of chitin showed weaker or no adjuvant activity compared with DAC-70. Carboxymethyl-, hydroxyethyl and dihydroxypropyl-chitin showed weak mitogenic activities on normal spleen cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

IgA . K type myeloma with severe postextraction bleeding.

A case of multiple myeloma detected by the first symptom of severe postextraction bleeding was presented. Although laboratory data showed severe anemia, rouleaux formation of erythrocytes, abnormal hemostatic parameters, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hyperglobulinemia, no involvement of bones such as the jaws, skull, ribs or sternum was demonstrated roentgenologically. Final diagnosis obtained by immunoelectrophoresis was Ig A . K type myeloma. During a therapeutic period with melphalan and predonine, bleeding from the extracted wound was repeated. 2 months after the onset of the first symptoms, the patient died of systemic bleeding. Autopsy findings revealed many hemorrhagic sites in the lungs, stomach, kidney and bladder and the existence of plasma cell-like tumor cells in the bone marrow of lumber vertebra and sternum.

Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1985

Peritoneoscopy as an aid in intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG).

Peritoneoscopy as an aid in intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG) was clinically evaluated. Hepatic parenchyma was stained after intravenous injection of ICG, while interstitial connective tissue, fatty deposition and hepatoma tissue were not. Regenerative hepatic cell mass including dark reddish patchy marking (Shimada's code No. 7) and semispherical areas of regeneration or nodules (Shimada's code No. 8) was well stained and clearly contrasted. There were some cases of chronic active hepatitis, in which liver surface showed spotty staining at sites expected to become regenerative nodules in the future, in contrast to being judged as "no abnormal findings" peritoneoscopically. On the other hand, periportal reddish marking (Shimada's code No. 4) representing piecemeal or bridging hepatic cell necrosis was not stained.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1985

High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of long chain bases in intestinal glycolipids of adult and embryonic Japanese quails.

A new sensitive assay method for sphingoids, 4-D-hydroxysphinganine, sphingosine, and sphinganine, involving reversed phase HPLC was described. Chromatography of p-N-nitrophenylacetyl derivatives of the sphingoids showed sufficient resolution, and each peak showed a linear relationship between molar quantity and area response, from 10 pmol to 10 nmol. The method was applied to the analysis of long chain bases in intestinal glycolipids from embryonic and adult Japanese quails. At the embryonic stage of 12 days' incubation, 4-D-hydroxysphinganine accounted for about 40% of the long chain bases of glycolipids, a concentration comparable to that in adult tissue. Egg yolk, which is an exclusive exogenous nutrient mixture supplied by the mother, contained only a few percent of 4-D-hydroxysphinganine as a glycolipid component. While, [3H]palmitic acid administered to embryos was incorporated into 4-D-hydroxysphinganine as well as sphingosine and sphinganine. These results suggest that sphingoids of intestinal glycolipids including 4-D-hydroxysphinganine are synthesized in the tissue, excluding the possibility of their exogenous origin in the embryonic tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Activation of mouse peritoneal adherent cells with N-acyl muramyl dipeptide derivatives.

The effect of N-acyl derivatives of muramyl dipeptide (N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine) on the activation of peritoneal adherent cells (PAC) in vivo and on the stimulation of nonspecific host resistance against Escherichia coli infection was examined in comparison with the effect of 6-O-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide. N-acyl muramyl dipeptide derivatives increased the release of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by PAC from mice treated 1 day before upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate, and their activities did not depend on the chain length or kinds of fatty acids introduced. The results obtained using N-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide analogs indicated that the acyl moiety combined to muramic acid played a more important role in the ability of PAC to release H2O2 than did the peptide moiety. PAC from mice treated with N-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide, N-(3-hydroxy-2-docosylhexacosanoyl) muramyl dipeptide, and 6-O-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide 1 day before, including 20 to 42% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, released large amount of H2O2, and most of the H2O2 released was due to the attribution of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The cytostatic activity of PAC from mice treated with these three compounds reached a maximum on day 3 after injection, and the cytolytic activity of PAC was induced by N-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide on day 3 and by 6-O-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide on day 1 after injection. In contrast to the above results, N-acyl muramyl dipeptide derivatives did not stimulate nonspecific host resistance against E. coli infection in mice when compared to 6-O-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1985

Improvement of bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs. II. Effect of medium chain glyceride base on the intestinal absorption of cefmetazole sodium in rats and dogs.

The effect of medium chain glyceride (MCG) on the intestinal absorption of cefmetazole sodium (CMZ) was investigated in rats and dogs. In rats, MCG containing glyceryl mono-, di- and tri-caprylate enhanced the intestinal absorption of CMZ after intraduodenal administration, though the promoting effect of MCG was less than that after rectal administration. The promoting effect of MCG was found to be mainly due to glycerylmonocaprylate and dependent on the dosage of MCG. The plasma CMZ levels after intraduodenal administration as MCG solution tended to be slightly higher than those observed after administration as MCG emulsion, though the differences were found to be statistically insignificant. Moreover, the intestinal absorption of CMZ after intraduodenal administration as MCG emulsion was decreased significantly by increasing the amount of water in the emulsion. The promoting effect of MCG in dogs was more clearly demonstrated in the lower intestine than in the upper intestine. Furthermore, the oral bioavailability of pharmaceutical formulations of CMZ was also investigated in dogs. When enteric coated capsules filled with MCG solution were administered to dogs, the bioavailability of CMZ was enhanced significantly.

Animals↗