Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Nishida

Publications and source records attributed to K Nishida.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Unequal hydrolysis of salicylic acid-D-alanine and salicylic acid-L-alanine conjugate in rabbit intestinal microorganisms.

The behavior of salicylic acid-D-alanine conjugate (salicyl-D-alanine) following intravenous, oral and intracecal administration was examined in rabbits, then compared with that of salicylic acid-L-alanine conjugate (salicyl-L-alanine) as reported previously. Following intravenous administration, salicyl-D-alanine eliminated rapidly from the blood, and its blood concentration was almost identical with that of salicyl-L-alanine. In both cases, salicylic acid could not be detected in the blood, indicating that systemic de-conjugation of D-alanine might not occur. Unchanged salicyl-D-alanine was found in the blood mainly following oral and intracecal administration of salicyl-D-alanine. On the other hand, salicylic acid formed extensively following oral and intracecal administration of salicyl-L-alanine, suggesting that the presystemic de-conjugation of D-alanine and L-alanine was unequal. Furthermore, in vitro incubation of salicyl-D-alanine with cecal content, in which the major source of salicyl-L-alanine hydrolysis is found, showed that the hydrolysis of salicyl-D-alanine was negligible in rabbit intestinal microorganisms.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

An assessment of salicylic acid-induced mucosal damage in vivo by measuring the metabolism of salicylamide in rabbit intestine.

An assessment of salicylic acid-induced mucosal damage in vivo by measuring the metabolism of salicylamide (SAM) was investigated in rabbit intestine. The intestinal first-pass metabolism of SAM was studied using in situ intestinal sacs with complete mesenteric venous blood collection. The appearance of both SAM and its metabolites into the mesenteric venous blood was measured directly by cannulating the mesenteric vein of exposed intestine and collecting all venous blood draining from the absorbing region. Following oral pretreatment with salicylic acid, the appearance of SAM glucuronide (SAMG) in the mesenteric venous blood was significantly increased compared with the control. The increased blood concentration of SAMG following intraduodenal administration of SAM in vivo was observed in rabbits pretreated with salicylic acid orally. The blood concentration of SAMG after the intravenous administration of SAM was not increased compared with the control. We suggest that the change in the intestinal first-pass metabolism of SAM may be due to the intestinal mucosal damage induced by oral pretreatment with salicylic acid. The measurement of SAM metabolites may be of value in the assessment of intestinal mucosal damage in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Characteristics of physiological tremor in five fingers and evaluations of fatigue of fingers in typing.

Physiological tremor, which is the invisible mechanical vibration of body part, was measured for five fingers. It was obtained that the power spectrum always has two peaks at 10 and 25Hz for each of the five fingers. The peaks were considered to be generated in the following two loop systems: The component of the lower frequency originated from the central nervous system as a long loop, and that of the higher frequency originated from the muscle-spine loop system as a short loop. The total power, which was the sum of power spectra ranging from 1.5 to 50Hz, was defined as an evaluation index, and it showed characteristic results for the five fingers. The muscular load produced by two hours of typing work was responsible mainly for the increase of total power and for the change of peak frequencies. The mechanism for the change of the power spectrum due to muscular load was well explained by the two-loop theory. It was found that the fatigue of the fingers due to muscular load could be evaluated by the total power.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Familial primary hyperparathyroidism: study of the pedigree in three generations.

The familial occurrence of primary hyperparathyroidism in which the proband is a 55-year-old man is reported. His 58-year-old sister and 40-year-old brother had undergone partial parathyroidectomy, and histological examination revealed hyperplasia in both cases. Their father and a daughter of the proband had a history of nephrolithiasis. The three siblings showed high levels of plasma parathyroid hormone (even the two postoperative cases). All of them had a history of nephrolithiasis and peptic ulcers. In the proband, image studies did not reveal any abnormality in the neck region. At present, the three cases do not exhibit any abnormalities in the pancreas or the pituitary by imaging studies and endocrine tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly].

Due to increasing number of the elderly, cases of hematemesis and melena in the aged have been increasing. The authors evaluated 69 such cases over 60 years old in whom emergency endoscopy of the upper digestive tract was carried out because of hematemesis and melena. Twenty cases are diagnosed as gastric ulcer (29%), 12 cases as esophageal ulcer and esophageal erosion (17.4%), 9 as duodenal ulcer (13.0%), 7 as gastric cancer (10.1%), 6 as Mallory-Weiss syndrome (8.7%), 6 as esophageal and gastric varices (8.7%), 4 as acute hemorrhagic gastritis (5.8%), 3 as Dieulafoy's ulcer (4.3%), and one case each of chronic pancreatitis (hemosuccus pancreaticus) and hemorrhage due to gastric angiodysplasia (1.4%). Of these cases, blood transfusion was performed in 46 cases (66.7%), and shock occurred in 27 cases (39.1%). The endoscopical hemostatic procedure was effective for detection of underlying diseases in the aged. Surgery was often impossible because of the rapid deterioration of the systemic condition due to the hemorrhage of the digestive tract.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[An evaluation of the span and direction of spread of the concept "now" (Japanese ima): using both the dual scaling and factor analysis methods].

The purpose of this study was to obtain information about both the span and direction of spread of the concept "now" (Japanese ima) used in short sentences such as "I am--a student." 583 subjects were presented with 55 sentences, and were required first to rate on a 5-point scale the degree of spread of the concept used in each sentence, and then to express its span and direction in terms of seconds, minutes, ... years, decades, or centuries in both a past- and a future-orientation. The latter data were analysed using the Dual Scaling method which revealed three major solutions: "span", "direction", and "interrelation between the previous two". The former data were analysed using the Factor Analysis method which revealed six factors: "moment", "conversion", "limitlessness", "absorption", "limitation" and "hopelessness". Furthermore, second-order analyses were carried out using these six factors, revealing three further factors: "duration", "change" and "timelessness". It was concluded that these latter three factors were identical with the three solutions obtained by Dual Scaling.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of conversation act on conversation strategy and interpersonal cognition].

It is assumed that dyadic conversation proceed according to some of each participants' conversation strategies. The strategies are as follows; 1) Receptivity, 2) Emotional expressivity, 3) Cognitive expressivity, 4) Partner comprehension, 5) Contingent comprehension, 6) Self-assertivity. In this experiment, strategies and interpersonal cognition were manipulated by three factors, (1) partners' conversation acts, with high or low expressivity rule, and (2) high or low act of conversation performance rule, and (3) nature of topica. One hundred and twenty-eight undergraduates are asked to rate their level of intention to select a strategy, in a given conversation situation. The results are as follows: 1) Both cognition of conversational purpose for a given situation and partners' expressivity influenced on their conversation strategy, 2) correspondence of strategy prompt participants to active conversation, 3) partners' conversation acts influenced on interpersonal cognition in any situations, 4) social desirabililty in interpersonal cognition is influenced by both strategy and topic, 5) partners' strategy makes participants select different interaction in the subsequent conversation situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Measurement of free radical generation from endothelial cells and observation of cell injury exposed to anoxia-reoxygenation].

Oxygen free radicals have been demonstrated to be important mediators in postischemic reperfusion injury. In this study, I determined the superoxide and the hydrogen peroxide generation from human umbilical endothelial cells on reoxygenation following anoxic incubation (1% O2, 5% CO2, 94% N2). The superoxide generation, detected by the reduction of cytochrome, c, was at its maximum 3 minutes after reoxygenation in any anoxic interval. The hydrogen peroxide production, detected by the fluorometric analysis, was observed later than that of superoxide. Treatment of EC with superoxide dismutase and allopurinol attenuated the superoxide production, and catalase attenuated the hydrogen peroxide. Cell injury was assessed by both fura-2 release assay and trypan blue dye exclusion methods. Although cell injury was less than 20% in anoxic condition, it was remarkably increased after reoxygenation. However this cell injury was not completely prevented in the presence of free radical scavengers. Allopurinol was more effective than superoxide dismutase or catalase. In conclusion, EC are the major source of free radicals in postischemic reperfusion which are originated mainly from xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and these radicals may also contribute, at least in part, to the EC injury.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1992

Spectroscopic quantitative analysis of blood glucose by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with an attenuated total reflection prism.

As an alternative way of long-term glycemic monitoring, the glucose measurement by analyzing Fourier transform infrared absorbance spectra with an attenuated total reflection prism has been developed. In glucose aqueous solution, glucose has characteristic absorptions at the wave numbers of 1033 and 1080 cm-1 and the absorption intensities are proportional to glucose concentrations. In serum and whole blood samples, however, red blood cell corpuscles, serum albumin and serum gamma-globulin interfere with the absorbance spectra of glucose and shift the base line upward significantly. Therefore, to eliminate these interferences in serum and whole blood samples, the feasibility of the calibration curves obtained by using difference absorbance spectra with those of fasting samples was studied. As a result, highly significant correlations between glucose concentrations estimated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic method and those measured by glucose oxidase method were obtained (r = 0.981 and 0.989 for serum and whole blood samples, respectively). From these experiments, it was concluded that by infrared spectroscopy glucose concentrations in the serum and whole blood samples could be measured quantitatively or monitored if the base line drifts and interferences were subtracted.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1992

[Isospora belli infection in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia].

An adult T cell leukemia (ATL) accompanied with Isospora belli infection was described. A 65-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of a two month history of watery diarrhea. On admission, physical examination showed slight pallor but no detectable superficial lymphadenopathies. Hepatosplenomegaly was not observed. Laboratory examination revealed a leukocyte count 5,500/microliters with 10% abnormal lymphoid cells. A majority of the abnormal lymphoid cells expressed both CD 4 and CD 8 antigens. The patient was diagnosed as chronic ATL, since anti-HTLV-1 antibody in his serum and monoclonal integration of HTLV-1 proviral DNA in his peripheral mononuclear cells were detected. Isospora belli was found in his feces thereafter, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was effective for diarrhea. In Japan, there have been only 9 reported cases of lymphoproliferative disorders (including five ATL patients) accompanied with Isospora belli infection. From the descriptions in those reports, these 9 cases might all be ATL patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Two cases of lateral approach for thoraco-lumbar junctional lesions: experiment of Kaneda's device].

Case 1: a 32-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with major complaints of gait disturbance and urinary incontinence. The tendon reflex was markedly increased in the bilateral lower extremities, and both Babinski's reflex and clonus were strongly positive. Myelography revealed complete block in the 10th thoracic vertebral level. On April 15, 1989, a tumor in the vertebral region was exposed and excised via a right posterolateral approach. Kaneda's device was used for internal fixation. The tumor was diagnosed as myeloma histologically. The postoperative course was uneventful. Postoperatively, the patient became capable of walking by herself. Case 2: an 18-year-old woman was admitted because of burst fractures of the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae due to a traffic accident in January of 1989. The fractured bones had been manually repositioned and fixed with plaster. However, the patient still had gait disturbance (intermittent claudication). Myelography revealed a complete block in the 2nd lumbar vertebral region. On May 7, the vertebral foramen was opened via a left anterolateral approach, and internal fixation was performed using Kaneda's device. Postoperatively, the patient recovered full ability to walk, and returned to normal social activity. From our experience, it is thought to be useful to employ a right posterolateral approach to the thoracic vertebrae, and a left anterolateral approach to the lumbar vertebrae. We used Kaneda's device for internal fixation, successfully. However, this device has the following disadvantages; (1) there are few plates designed for females, whose vertebrae are small, (2) it is difficult to preserve the arteries of Adamkiewicz and (3) postoperative MRI becomes impossible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Demonstration of herpes simplex virus DNA in idiopathic corneal endotheliopathy.

A 56-year-old man developed idiopathic corneal endotheliopathy. The lesion consisted of severe stromal edema at the lower half of the cornea along with a number of associated keratic precipitates and steadily progressed to the upper half of the cornea. By polymerase chain reaction, herpes simplex virus DNA was demonstrated in the aqueous humor of this patient. Corneal stromal edema was resolved in response to treatment with topically applied and systemic acyclovir. Herpes simplex virus DNA was repeatedly demonstrated in the aqueous humor when the endothelial lesion recurred later. This evidence strongly indicates that this unique endothelial disorder is of viral origin.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Elevated tissue concentrations of sialyl Lex-i in cancerous tissues compared with those in noncancerous tissues of various organs.

Sialyl Lex-i (SLX) concentrations in the extracts of noncancerous and cancerous tissues of various human organs were determined by radioimmunoassay for detailed evaluation of SLX. Cancerous tissues had significantly elevated SLX concentrations compared with noncancerous tissues of various organs. Tissue SLX concentration of the cancerous part was significantly higher than that of the adjacent noncancerous part in the same tissue. There was no significant correlation between tissue SLX concentration and serum SLX level. Positive localization of SLX was clearly observed in such cancerous tissues by immunohistochemical study, although not in any noncancerous tissues. Each of the antigens: SLX, CA 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 125 showed a different distribution pattern in tissue concentration or localization in various organs. These results indicate that SLX may be a valuable cancer-associated antigen produced by malignant tissues, suggesting its clinical application as a tumor marker.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Primary venous aneurysm of the forearm in a child.

A 5 year old girl who presented with two bluish, cystic masses in her right forearm was shown on ultrasonography to have two localized saccular dilatations of the right radial vein. This led to the suspicion of venous aneurysms which was later confirmed by venography. They were finally excised because of the gradual increase in size and pain she had experienced over the previous two months.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1991

Unusually late onset of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after head trauma.

Two cases of acute meningitis and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, in which the head trauma responsible occurred 10 and 30 years before, are presented. Intraoperatively, the brain parenchyma was found to be plugged into the fractured anterior fossa. By debridement and duraplasty from an intradural approach, both patients were cured. Several precipitating factors could be responsible for this unusually late reopening of the fistula. The possible accidental causes could be coughing or undetected microtraumas, but in the long run, atrophy of tissues and consequent changes in brain compliance with aging may play a role.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Hepatic disposition characteristics of electrically charged macromolecules in rat in vivo and in the perfused liver.

The effect of electric charge on the hepatic disposition of macromolecules was studied in the rat. Charged derivatives of dextran (T-70) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), mitomycin C-dextran conjugates (MMC-D), and lactosaminated BSA (Lac-BSA) were employed as model macromolecules. After intravenous injection, cationic macromolecules were rapidly eliminated from plasma because of their extensive hepatic uptake, while anionic and neutral macromolecules were slowly eliminated. Cationic macromolecules were recovered from parenchymal and nonparenchymal hepatic cells at a cellular uptake (per unit cell number) ratio of 1.4-3.2, while that of Lac-BSA was 14. During liver perfusion using a single-pass constant infusion mode, cationic macromolecules were continuously extracted by the liver, with extraction ratios at steady-state (Ess) ranging between 0.03 and 0.54, whereas anionic and neutral macromolecules were almost completely recovered in the outflow at steady state. The Ess for cationized BSA (Cat-BSA) and cationic MMC-Dcat were concentration dependent and decreased at low temperatures and in the presence of colchicine and cytochalasin B. The possible participation of the internalization process in the uptake of cationic macromolecules by hepatocytes was suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hepatic disposition characteristics of 111In-labeled lactosaminated bovine serum albumin in rats.

The hepatic disposition of lactosaminated bovine serum albumin (Lac-BSA) in rats was studied at the whole body, isolated liver, and isolated parenchymal cell levels. After intravenous injection, 111In-Lac-BSA (1 mg/kg) was rapidly eliminated from the plasma due to extensive uptake by liver parenchymal cells; however, a significant decrease in hepatic clearance was observed at high dose (50 mg/kg). In a single-pass, constant infusion experiment in the isolated liver, 111In-Lac-BSA was continuously extracted. The extraction ratio at steady state (Ess) for 111In-Lac-BSA was significantly decreased by coadministrating galactose, NH4Cl, or chloroquine, and at low temperature, suggesting that hepatic uptake of Lac-BSA proceeds via receptor-mediated endocytosis for asialoglycoprotein. Kinetic analysis of 111In-Lac-BSA binding with isolated parenchymal cells at 4 degrees C yielded a dissociation constant (Kd) of 2.5 x 10(-8) M and a value of 3.5 x 10(5) maximal binding sites/cell (Bmax). The internalization rate constant (kint) for 111In-Lac-BSA was calculated to be 0.46 min-1 in liver perfusion experiments using the EDTA-wash method.

Animals↗