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Biomedical subjects

K Mukai

Publications and source records attributed to K Mukai.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Retrospective study of 77 pancreatic endocrine tumors using the immunoperoxidase method.

Immunocytochemical stains for various pancreatic hormones were performed on 77 pancreatic endocrine tumors from 59 patients [17 with hypoglycemia, three with glucagonoma syndrome, 18 were Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, six with WDHA (watery, diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria) syndrome and 15 without endocrine symptoms]. In all tumors that caused either hypoglycemia or glucagonoma syndrome, insulin and glucagon were respectively identified. On the other hand, only 10 tumors from 18 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome were positive for gastrin, and only four of six patients with WDHA syndrome had a vasoactive intestinal peptides-positive tumor. Ten of 15 clinically silent tumors contained hormone-producing cells but without a consistent pattern. Ten neoplasms were negative for all hormones tested. Twenty-six tumors showed positively for more than one hormone and usually one cell type predominated. Four patients had multiple tumors which showed variation in the architecture and cellular composition. The tumors were classified into three major histopathologic groups: solid, gyriform, and glandular. The correlation between the pattern of growth and the hormonal production was generally poor. However, a pure gyriform pattern was often associated with insulin production, and glandular differentiation was commonly seen in tumors associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. This study demonstrates the reliability of the immunocytochemical method for the specific identification of cell types in pancreatic endocrine tumors.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1982

[A case of atypical moyamoya disease with a ruptured aneursym on moyamoya vessel].

A 45-year-old female had sudden onset of severe headache, nausea and vomiting without any inducing moments and was transferred to our hospital by an ambulance car. On admission the patient was alert and showed only signs of meningeal irritation. There were no other neurological deficits at all. Immediate CT examination revealed a small high density spot in the area of the right basal ganglia, and a large high density in the frontal horns of both lateral ventricles. Right carotid angiogram showed completely patent carotid siphon with Moyamoya vessels. A small round aneurysmal shadow of 3 mm in diameter was seen in the area of these Moyamoya vessels of the right basal ganglia, and it was thought to be corresponding to the high density spot in the CT examination. Left carotid angiogram showed stenosis of C portion with typical Moyamoya vessels. Therefore, diagnosis of atypical Moyamoya disease with a ruptured aneurysm and ventricular penetration of hematoma was made. The patient was placed on conservative treatment. On 25th day from onset, repeated angiogram showed enlargement of the aneurysmal shadow from 3 mm to 5 mm in diameter. So, on 33rd day, right STA-MCA anastomosis and encephalomyosynangiosis were carried out. Angiogram on 12th day after surgery revealed no aneurysmal shadow. The patient was discharged without any neurological deficit at all. Previous paper, which reported cases of Moyamoya disease with aneurysm, were reviewed. According to the location of the aneurysm, these cases were classified into 3 types angiographically; type I: aneurysm in the area of Moyamoya vessels, type II: aneurysm of cerebral-peripheral artery, and type III: aneurysm of the circle of Willis. It has been generally believed that the Moyamoya disease may be associated with either a true or a pseudoaneurysm in the case of type I. However, pseudoaneurysm in the area of Moyamoya vessels has not been found in postmortem examination but true aneurysms so far. Therefore it may not be denied that the aneurysm of this case was true aneurysm although it showed an enlarging tendency and disappeared rather spontaneously.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Surgical treatment of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in infants and children.

Eleven pediatric Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome patients underwent surgery. Four had left, 5 right cardiac type and 2 had right septal type WPW syndrome. Two patients had 2 accessory conduction pathways (ACP). Ebstein's anomaly and secundum type atrial septal defect were the association congenital cardiac diseases in one patient each. Indications for surgery included repeated and/or long-lasting paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), ineffective drug therapy, cardiac failure due to frequent tachycardia, short effective refractory period of the ACP, and simultaneous surgery for associated congenital cardiac diseases. Pre- and intra-operative examinations, including ECG, VCG, UCG, body surface mapping, intracavitary recording by catheter electrodes, computerized epicardial mapping, and endocardial mapping, were performed for the precise localization of the ACP. The surgical method was basically the same as is used for adults. Anterior median stermotomy was used primarily in right cardiac and right septal type and left anterior thoracotomy was used in 3 of 4 cases of the left cardiac type. Eight of 11 cases, two of which had 3 ACPs, were completely cured and in 3 there was evidence of postoperative pre-excitation. However, the PSVT attacks disappeared almost completely and drug therapy is not required at present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Immunohistochemical identification of factor VIII-related antigen in endothelial cells of cutaneous lesions of alleged vascular nature.

Immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAG) with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technic was used as a marker for endothelial cells in a variety of nevoid, reactive, and malignant vascular cutaneous proliferations. The endothelial cells of small normal cutaneous vessels gave the strongest reaction. The cells of hemangioma and angiokeratoma generally were stained, but with less consistency. In lymphangioma, pyogenic granuloma, and pigmented purpuric dermatosis, positivity was either patchy or of lesser intensity. Numerous strongly positive endothelial cells lining well-formed blood vessels were present in lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma, but the proliferating spindle cells forming "vascular slits" were uniformly negative. The cells of angiosarcoma were essentially negative, except for isolated elements in the better-differentiated areas. Plasma was also strongly positive; this may aid in distinguishing vascular from lymphatic channels. Anti-FVIII-RAG immunoperoxidase staining is a helpful aid in evaluating cutaneous vascular proliferations.

Angiokeratoma↗
PubMed1981

Primary embryonal-choriocarcinoma of the mediastinum in a woman. A case report with immunohistochemical study.

Primary malignant germ cell tumors of the mediastinum are extremely rare among females. This report describes such a tumor arising in the mediastinum of a 26-year-old woman and correlates immunohistochemical studies of the neoplasm with serum tumor markers. Microscopic examination of the tumor revealed an embryonal carcinoma with choriocarcinoma, the latter consisting of sheets of polygonal cells intimately related to multinucleate giant cells that contained beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) when stained immunohistochemically. The serum beta-HCG level at the time of diagnosis was 8,300 mU/ml and remained elevated throughout the patient's course. Alpha-fetoprotein was not detected in serum or tissue. Postoperative chemotherapy failed to control the growth of the tumor, and the patient died as a result of massive intrathoracic tumor involvement. At autopsy, metastases were found in two periaortic lymph nodes and in the liver. There was no gross or microscopic evidence of ovarian disease. This case illustrates the typical behavior of malignant germ cell tumors of the mediastinum, rare among females and infrequently described in the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed immunohistochemical study of a mediastinal germ cell tumor in a female.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Colon ulceration in lethal cytomegalovirus infection.

Six renal transplant recipients with severe cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection developed colonic ulceration and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. All patients died between four and 84 days following onset of bleeding. Four patients required colon resection to control blood loss. In the remaining two cases, there was complete autopsy examination with thorough tissue sampling of the colon. In addition to routine light microscopic examination, all cases were studied with an immunoperoxidase technic for identification of CMV. Electron microscopic examination of the colon was performed on two cases. In this select group of patents, CMV plays an active role in damaging colonic mucosa, primarily as a result of CMC vasculitis. Clinical and pathologic features of our cases are compared to published reports of CMV infection of the colon.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Immunohistochemical localization of actin: applications in surgical pathology.

The contractile protein actin was demonstrated in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tissue by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method of Sternberger. Both types of muscular cells and some other cell types showed positive staining. In skeletal muscle, the staining was seen diffusely in the cytoplasm with accentuation of cross-striations (I-bands). The cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells was also diffusely stained. Pericytes of blood vessels and myoepithelial cells of salivary glands and breast were clearly defined by positively stained smooth muscle cells and pericytes; this method proved superior to conventional elastic tissue staining for studying pathological conditions of blood vessels, such as vasculitides or invasion by neoplasms. Participation of myoepithelial cells in neoplasms of the breast and salivary glands could also be evaluated. This method can provide information about histogenesis and differentiation of a variety of soft-tissue neoplasms, in conjunction with other immunohistochemical methods for various tissue-specific markers.

Actins↗
PubMed1981

Immunocytochemistry in diagnostic histopathology: its contributions and limitations.

Immunocytochemical techniques are highly sensitive and highly specific methods which demonstrate a wide variety of cellular and extracellular antigens in tissue sections. The techniques have been successfully applied to histopathological materials and have been an important tool for pathologists in understanding functional and/or histogenetic aspects of diseases. Two major limitations in immunocytochemistry are preservation of antigens in tissues sections and availability of highly specific primary antibodies. Further improvements, quality control and standardization are necessary in order to make these powerful methods more reliable and reproducible.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1980

Prevention of hemoglobinuria by administration of haptoglobin.

This report describes the role of haptoglobin in preventing hemoglobinuria. In rabbits, human haptoglobin administered i.v. worked preventively against the development of hemoglobinuria in spite of the presence of a large amount of hemolysate containing free hemoglobin. More specifically: (1) the kidney did not present a dark brown color, (2) the deposition of iron in the kidney was significantly less than that in the same organ of rabbits given hemolysate only, and (3) the microangiographic and histological findings of the kidney were close to normal patterns. From the above it may be concluded that the administration of haptoglobin is effective for the prevention of hemoglobinuria and subsequent renal damage.

Angiography↗
PubMed1980

The rhabdomyoblast in mixed Müllerian tumors of the uterus and ovary. An immunohistochemical study of myoglobin in 25 cases.

Forty per cent of 25 uterine and ovarian mixed müllerian tumors contained stainable myoglobin that was present in the abundant cytoplasm of large rounded tumor cells. Intracytoplasmic cross striations identified rhabdomyoblasts in 32% of the cases, but were difficult to find. The authors believe that the immunoperoxidase technic successfully demonstrates skeletal muscle differentiation in a high proportion of mixed müllerian tumors and may be employed as a suitable diagnostic aid. However, the nonspecific staining of benign and malignant squamous elements should be interpreted with caution.

Aged↗