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Biomedical subjects

K Moriya

Publications and source records attributed to K Moriya.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in exercised cold-deacclimated rats.

Norepinephrine (NE)-induced increase in oxygen consumption (VO2) and colonic temperature (Tc) was greater in cold-acclimated rats housed at 4 degrees C for 4 weeks (CA) than warm-acclimated controls housed at 24 degrees C for 4 weeks (WA). On the other hand, shivering activity measured at 4 degrees C was less in CA than in WA, while propranolol administration eliminated the difference between these two groups by enhancing shivering in CA. Wet weight and protein content of interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) were greater in CA than in WA. Following cold acclimation, CA were deacclimated at 24 degrees C for 5 weeks. During deacclimation, half of this latter group were forced to run (15 m.min-1 for 1 h) every day (CD-T) while the remaining rats remained sedentary (CD-S). Shivering activity assessed at 4 degrees C 4 weeks after commencing cold deacclimation was significantly less in CD-T than in CD-S and the difference disappeared following propranolol injection. VO2 and Tc responses to NE injection measured 1, 2 and 5 weeks after commencing cold deacclimation did not differ between CD-S and CD-T. Although IBAT weight was lighter in CD-T than in CD-S, its total protein content was not different between the latter two groups of rats. These results suggest that a greater degree of NE-independent nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) is retained in rats that are exercised during the process of deacclimation as compared with animals that are sedentary. This difference in NST would not seem to be directly related to BAT thermogenic capacity.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical studies of varicocele. 2: Radiographic examination and measurement of spermatic vein pressure in varicocele patients].

There are two types of internal spermatic veins (ISV) by radiographic examinations. In type 1, ISV is dilated with some collateral venous branches. On the other hand, ISV of type 2 is narrowed with increased collateral venous branches or abnormalities such as the circumaortic renal are seen. In these groups, pressure of renal vein and ISV were measured. As a result, renal vein pressure was about the same in type 1 as in the controls at 9.5 +/- 2.3 cmH2O but was higher in type 2 at 17.0 +/- 2.8 cmH2O. As for ISV, it was also about the same in type 2 as in the controls at 13.9 +/- 6.8 cmH2O but was markedly higher in type 2 at 33.3 +/- 3.9 cmH2O. When selective renal venography was performed, a contrast medium back-flow was seen in 9 out of 11 type 1 varicocele patients, but it was not seen in any of the cases with the nutcracker phenomenon. These results suggested that type 1 may be caused by the structural and functional disorders in the valve between the renal vein and ISV. In contrast, pathogenesis of type 2 varicocele may be due to an abnormality of the ISV in the embryo.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructure of Cryptosporidium muris (strain RN 66) parasitizing the murine stomach.

The ultrastructure of Cryptosporidium muris, which parasitizes the stomach of mice, was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The entire development of the parasite occurred in the microvilli of the surface mucus cells in the gastric glands. The ultrastructural features of the attachment site of C. muris to the host cell differed remarkably from those of C. parvum and its closely related species, which parasitize the intestine of various animals. The size of C. muris was greater at almost every developmental stage than that of C. parvum. These findings confirmed that C. muris and C. parvum are distinct species. The mitochondria, subpellicular microtubules, and Golgi complex were demonstrated in detail. A small invagination in the meront and intravacuolar tubules were found in Cryptosporidium. The wall of each developing oocyst in the parasitophorous vacuole was composed of three layers: the outermost layer was considered to be a true oocyst wall, whereas the middle and innermost layers were assumed to develop into the sporocyst wall. The outermost layer was fragile and disintegrated as the oocyst matured. In excystation in vitro, a suture was seen in a thick layer of the two-layered sporocyst wall of an oocyst (sporocyst wall; see Discussion) that enveloped four sporozoites. The fine structure of the attachment site of the present species to the host cell appears to reveal a unique mode of host-parasite interaction in Cryptosporidium infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of exercise and intermittent cold exposure on shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in rats.

The effects of both exercise training and intermittent cold acclimation on heat production (shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST)) in rats were studied. Warm-acclimated rats (housed at 24 degrees C, WA) and intermittently cold-acclimated rats (exposed daily to -5 degrees C for 2 h, CA) were forced to run (25 m.min-1 for 1 h) every day (WA-T and CA-T). WA and CA left sedentary (WA-S and CA-S) served as controls. Norepinephrine (NE)-induced thermogenic capacity assessed from the increment of oxygen consumption (VO2) and colonic temperature (Tc) were measured 4 weeks after commencing acclimation and exercise training. The thermogenic capacity was greater in CA than in WA. However, in WA, WA-T responded to NE less than WA-S, whereas the response of CA-T and CA-S did not differ. Wet weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) and its protein (and dry matter--regarded to be highly representative of protein) content were larger in CA than in WA. Respective sedentary and exercised groups of rats had similar IBAT protein (and dry matter) content although tissue weight was lighter in WA-T than in WA-S. Lipid content of IBAT was also larger in CA than in WA. IBAT of WA-T had less lipid compared to that of WA-S while no difference was seen between CA-S and CA-T. Shivering activity during acute cold (4 degrees C) exposure was less in CA compared to WA and there was no difference between respective groups of exercised and sedentary rats. Propranolol, a blocker of NE-dependent NST, eliminated the difference in shivering among these four groups. When exposed to severe cold (-10 or -20 degrees C), the fall in Tc of rats fasted for 18 h was greater in WA than in CA. CA-T showed a greater decrease in Tc than CA-S during -20 degrees C exposure while it did not differ during -10 degrees C exposure. On the other hand, Tc of WA-T and WA-S did not differ significantly during either cold exposure period. These results suggest that exercise training in rats housed at 24 degrees C suppresses NE-dependent NST whereas another nonshivering thermogenic mechanism (NE-independent) may compensate this suppression. However, NE-dependent NST of WA-S and WA-T did not parallel protein (dry matter) content of IBAT; no difference existed in IBAT protein between these two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1987

Nuisance midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) and their control in Japan.

In recent years, adult Chironomidae (particularly Chironomus yoshimatsui and Tokunagayusurika akamushi) emerging from polluted natural and man-made aquatic habitats in urban areas of Japan have become intolerable because they pose severe nuisance and economic problems. Several organophosphorus (OP) insecticides and insect growth regulators (IGRs) including methoprene and diflubenzuron were tested in the laboratory against C. yoshimatsui and several other midge species. The OP insecticides were effective against the midge larvae except for Procladius sp. Both IGRs were highly effective against C. yoshimatsui at concentrations less than 0.001 ppm; diflubenzuron showed superior activity over methoprene. In field studies, temophos has been successfully used at rates ranging from 0.1 to 2 ppm against C. yoshimatsui and several other species in a variety of habitats. Diflubenzuron at 1 ppm rate of treatment provided excellent control of C. yoshimatsui in polluted rivers while methoprene at the same rate was less effective. Frequent field use of temephos and fenthion has led to increased tolerance of these insecticides (particularly the latter) by C. yoshimatsui.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of exercise training on the disappearance of cold adaptability in rats.

Following the transfer of cold-adapted rats to a warm environment at 25 degrees C, enhanced nonshivering thermogenesis and enlarged interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) decreased gradually and reached a steady state after 4 weeks of de-adaptation. Animals that were exercised in the process of de-adaptation, however, showed no decrease in enhanced nonshivering thermogenesis, but did show a decrease in BAT weight as compared with sedentarily de-adapted animals. Triiodothyronine (T3), the physiologically most active thyroid hormone, was at a higher plasma level in cold-adapted rats than in de-adapted animals with or without exercise loads. Although the resting level of T3 in running-trained rats was not higher than that in sedentary rats, some fluctuations of T3 level were observed during running.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

HLA-DQ structural polymorphism in HLA-DR2 associated HLA-D clusters.

Three homozygous cell lines with different cellular HLA-D specificities associated with HLA-DR2 including Dw2, Dw12, DB9 displayed structural variation in the products of the DQ locus. Nonglycosylated precursor polypeptides of DQ molecules immunoprecipitated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D gel) revealed distinct differences in the patterns of DQ alpha and DQ beta chains.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Two dimensional gel analysis of HLA-DR2 associated HLA-D clusters.

Five cell lines with different cellular HLA-D specificities associated with HLA-DR2, i.e. Dw2, Dw12, MN2, DB9 and D2J, displayed structural variation in the products of the DR and DQ loci. Analyses of immunoprecipitated DR molecules from HLA-D homozygous B-lymphoblastoid cell lines by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed variable patterns with one set of DR beta chains. Another set of DR beta chain products, however, was homogeneous in all cell lines studied. In addition, analyses of DQ molecules showed extremely variant DQ beta chains, and slightly variant DQ alpha chains.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1986

Studies on improvement of pharmaceutical preparations prescribed in hospitals. II: Study on pharmaceutical manufacturing of dibekacin sulfate gauze tampon.

A gauze tampon, which contains an ointment incorporating dibekacin sulfate, was prepared and investigated as a device to prevent bacterial infection after operation of chronic sinusitis. It was proved that no loss of potency occurred upon heat sterilization and that it was stable even after storage for a long period. This gauze tampon was easy to insert into the paranasal sinuses, achieving satisfactory therapeutic efficacy in terms of hemostasis and disinfection. No adverse reactions have been observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Studies on improvement of pharmaceutical preparations prescribed in hospitals. IV. Dibekacin sulfate viscous solution for treatment of mouth and throat wounds.

For the purpose of preventing suppuration of wounds of the oral cavity and throat, we attempted to develop a viscous solution of dibekacin sulfate (DKB) as a suitable medication. Solutions of different viscosity and antibacterial potency were prepared by mixing DKB, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), and water in varying proportions. Studies were then performed to ascertain relationships between the concentration of CMC-Na pH and viscosity, and between the viscosity and diffusion of DKB. The concentration of CMC-Na giving rise to optimal clinical efficacy was determined, and the concentration of DKB necessary for clinical treatment was estimated on the basis of the ionic binding constant between DKB and CMC-Na. As a result, the optimum CMC-Na concentration was found to be 2%, while the optimum DKB concentration was estimated to be 100 micrograms/ml.

Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium↗
PubMed1986

Studies on improvement of pharmaceutical preparations prescribed in hospitals. V. Nifedipine hollow type suppository.

Nifedipine is a calcium antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. However, commercial nifedipine preparations are only available in forms suitable for oral administration, e.g. soft capsules and tablets. Therefore, we developed a suppository form in which the drug was incorporated into a hollow type suppository. The suppository preparation was administered to humans for evaluation of the clinical and commercial usefulness. It was as fast-acting as the soft capsule, but the blood concentration of nifedipine immediately after administration was lower than that seen with the soft capsule. It was considered to be superior to the soft capsule and similar to the tablet in terms of its long-acting effect. Thus, the hollow type suppository form of nifedipine should have useful clinical applications.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Milk of calcium renal stone: a case report].

A case of milk of calcium renal stone is reported. The patient was a 24-year-old woman who complained of dull flank pain on the right side. A plain film of the abdomen revealed a right renal stone, which showed peculiar radiopacity of a half-moon shape in the upright position. The operation was performed on July 6, 1984. Postoperative chemical analysis of sand granules showed calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) in prostatitis patients].

NAG was measured before and after treatment and compared in 11 acute prostatitis patients, 13 chronic prostatitis patients and 10 healthy volunteers. Urinary NAG before treatment was 34.1 +/- 18.4 U/l in the acute prostatitis patients and was significantly higher than that in the healthy volunteers, which was 5.1 +/- 1.2 U/l. It was 8.5 +/- 3.2 U/l in the chronic prostatitis patients. Urinary NAG after treatment decreased and was 7.6 +/- 4.4 U/l and 6.7 +/- 1.7 U/l in the acute and chronic prostatitis groups, respectively. These results suggest that urinary NAG is useful in evaluating the changes in the condition of prostatitis and in diagnosing prostatitis, especially acute prostatitis.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1985

Lasting consistency of cold adaptability in rats reared in cold for many generations.

Wistar rats were successively reared in cold at 5 degrees C from 1969 to 1984. The historical changes observed in these rats were reported. The cold-adapted rats reared in cold for 8 to 11 successive generations (C8-11G) were examined on their cold tolerance and non-shivering thermogenesis. C8-11G rats showed greater nonshivering thermogenesis than that of the warm-adapted control group (W), and rats exposed to cold for periods of 2 to 8 weeks (C). The nonshivering thermogenesis of C8-11G rats was diminished to a similar level to that of W and C rats by administration of a ganglion blocker, of reserpine, or of beta-adrenoceptor blocker. The de-adapted rats reared in warm at 25 degrees C for 3 generations after being reared for many generations in cold (DA-3G) showed much more nonshivering thermogenesis as compared to W rats. Cold tolerance of DA-3G rats was at a level of intermediate between that of W and C rats. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) weight of DA-3G rats was similar to that of C rats, while chemical composition of BAT in DA-3G rats differed from that of C and W rats.

Adaptation, Physiological↗