Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Mizuguchi.
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Microinjections of 0.4 microgram of carbachol into the amygdala caused a rise of corticosterone (CS) in the morning when the prestimulating level of CS was lower. But the same procedure with a larger dose had no effect in the afternoon, when the prestimulating level of CS was higher.
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A case of a 31-year-old woman with epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva which metastasized to the regional lymph node 8 years after onset of the disease is reported here. The patient first noticed a painless subcutaneous mass of 5 mm in diameter in the right labium majus at age of 21. This was excised locally at age 23, but recurred 17 months later. Although local excision was again performed, the tumor recurred and continued to enlarge very slowly. At this stage, based on the pathology of both the initial and second tumors, the diagnosis was of a benign inflammatory process. However, local recurrence and inguinal lymph node swelling occurred at age 29, and biopsy was taken. The pathology report indicated benign granulomatous changes. The slides were reconsidered and re-interpreted as epithelioid sarcoma, whereupon radical vulvectomy was performed at age 31. Vulvar epithelioid sarcoma with inguinal lymph node metastasis was first diagnosed at that time. Epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva is an exceedingly rare tumor, and only 15 cases have been reported thus far in the literature. Early diagnosis and curative treatment of this tumor may be problematic for gynecologists because of its rarity and therefore little-known characteristic clinical behavior and histology. Radical vulvectomy or extensive local excision with inguinal lymphadenectomy at the time of diagnosis is recommended as the treatment of choice.
To analyze the flow patterns of the left blood chamber of the Baylor total artificial heart (TAH) and to evaluate influences of the inflow valve angle to the flow patterns, flow visualization studies were performed. The inflow valve angle of the left housing was changed by 20 degrees orthogonal to the inflow tube, and comparison studies of the modified and unmodified models were made. For evaluating sectional flow patterns, a laser light was used, the clear transparent housing was scanned segmentally, and flow patterns were recorded on high contrast film for measuring flow velocities. A signal was used that synchronized the timing of the camera shutter to the pusher-plate movement signal. With the modified 20 degree inflow valve direction, there were better closing characteristics of the inflow valve leaflets. At the same time, we could successfully reduce the vortex formation at the inflow port, which may cause thrombus formation. We also have improved the washout during the diastolic phase in not only the bottom area, but in the entire pumping chamber. This flow visualization setup is simple and inexpensive. It is useful not only for validation of global flow patterns, but also for validation of local flow velocities of various blood pumps.
The roles of prostaglandins and catecholamines in the hypotensive hemodynamic change during cardiopulmonary support with a venoarterial bypass (VAB) were investigated in a series of chronic animal experiments of gradually reduced pulmonary arterial blood flow (PAF). The VAB system consisted of a pulsatile ventricular assist device, an artificial lung, and the right atrium uptake and descending aorta return cannulae in four adult goats weighing 49-51 kg. The PAF was adjusted to 50, 10, and 0% of the total systemic blood flow. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin production; phentolamine, an alpha-antagonist of catecholamine; and noradrenaline, an agonist of catecholamine were administered at each PAF condition. The mean aortic pressure (mAoP) and the systemic vascular resistance decreased in proportion to the decrease in PAF. Indomethacin increased the mAoP at all PAF conditions, indicating a relationship between prostaglandins and hypotension. Phentolamine decreased the mAoP at all PAF conditions, indicating a normal response of catecholamine receptors. However, noradrenaline increased the mAoP at 50 and 10% PAF, but did not appreciably increase the value at 0% PAF, indicating complete response of catecholamine receptors to endogenous catecholamines at 0% PAF only. In conclusion, prostaglandins play a substantial role in hypotension during VAB, and catecholamines may subsequently increase in compensation for extreme hypotension.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the cytologic features of signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC), defined as carcinoma dominated by signet-ring cells, of the breast and to discuss problems that occur in cytodiagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: Five cases of SRCC of the breast were examined cytopathologically. Signet-ring cells were subclassified into intracytoplasmic lumina (ICL) type and non-ICL type. ICL type had large ICL containing mucin. Non-ICL-type cells had wide, amorphous cytoplasm diffusely dispersed with mucin. RESULTS: In cases 1 and 2, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) revealed many signet-ring cells (non-ICL type), suggesting SRCC. Histologic diagnoses were ductal SRCC containing many signet-ring cells (non-ICL type). In cases 3 and 4, signet-ring cells (ICL type) were found sporadically among carcinoma cells without signet-ring features. Signet-ring cells were not regarded as the major component of the cells; thus, the cytologic diagnoses were lobular carcinoma, not otherwise specified. Pathologic diagnoses were lobular SRCC. Signet-ring cells were mostly ICL type. In case 5, most carcinoma cells on the smears showed signet-ring features (non-ICL type), suggesting SRCC. The histologic diagnosis was lobular SRCC, and signet-ring cells were mostly non-ICL type. CONCLUSION: Ductal SRCC yielded more cellular smears as compared with lobular SRCC; therefore, cytologic diagnosis was easier in the former.
We analyzed the fine needle aspiration findings in five cases of secretory carcinoma of the breast in adults to clarify their cytomorphologic features and correlate them with their histology. The cytologic smears revealed grapelike clusters of mucous globular structures (MGSs); single MGSs; clusters and sheets of cells with pale green and slightly granular cytoplasm with or without intracytoplasmic vacuolization; some ordinary duct carcinoma-like arrangements; scattered, single, vacuolated cells; some extracellular mucus; and a clean background. The MGSs were globular structures consisting of distinctive vacuolated cells containing large globules of a secretory product. The cytologic findings showed a similar wide variation in the range of histologic appearances; however, the grapelike clusters of MGSs, which corresponded to a microcystic or microfollicular pattern histologically, were present in most cases and should suggest a diagnosis of secretory carcinoma.