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Biomedical subjects

K Miyauchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Miyauchi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Induction of progesterone receptor with tamoxifen in human breast cancer with special reference to its behavior over time.

The behavior of progesterone receptor (PR) values over time in human breast cancer during tamoxifen treatment was studied. Of 97 patients with operable breast cancer, 24 were preoperatively treated with tamoxifen (20 mg twice daily) for 3 days (TAM 3-day), 22 were treated for 7 days (TAM 7-day), 21 for 14 days (TAM 14-day), and 30 received no treatment (control group). Surgically removed breast tumors were assayed for the progesterone receptor by the dextran-coated charcoal method. The PR values (fmol/mg DNA) (mean +/- standard error [SE]) of PR-positive tumors in the control, TAM-3, TAM-7, and TAM-14 day groups were 571 +/- 176, 1699 +/- 408 (P less than 0.01), 1675 +/- 463 (P less than 0.05), and 686 +/- 191, respectively. There was a 4.6-fold increase in the mean PR value in postmenopausal patients and a two-fold increase in premenopausal patients after TAM treatment for 3 and 7 days. We concluded that PR induction provoked by TAM reached a peak on day 3, continuing at this level until day 7. A longer treatment (14 days) with TAM appears to abolish the PR inducing activity, probably because of, first, estrogenic and, later, the antiestrogenic effects of TAM.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of enzyme immunoassay with dextran-coated charcoal method in the determination of progesterone receptor in breast cancer cytosols.

A new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for progesterone receptor (PR) has been developed by Abbott Laboratories. To study the correlation of the results from this new technique with the currently existing tritiated-ligand binding assay [dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) method], cytosols from 70 human breast cancers were assayed for PR by both the EIA and DCC methods. EIA showed a good reproducibility and was not susceptible to the change in protein concentration of cytosols and types of reducing agents. The correlation between the EIA and DCC methods was excellent with a correlation coefficient of 0.946; regression curve was PR (EIA) = 1.06 X PR(DCC) + 0.19 fmol/mg protein. The concordance of the results obtained from both methods was 91.4% with a cutoff value of 10 fmol/mg protein. These results demonstrate that EIA is a very useful and reliable method in the determination of PR with an excellent correlation with the conventional DCC method.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Formation of a biotin precursor, pimelic acid, in yeasts from C18 fatty acids.

The biosynthesis of biotin-vitamers from C18 fatty acids in the resting cell reaction system of yeasts was investigated. The formation of pimelic acid (a biotin precursor) and biotin-vitamers (a mixture of 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid and dethiobiotin) from linolenic, linoleic, and oleic acids was observed in certain yeasts belonging to the genera Cryptococcus, Candida, Rhodotorula, and Trichosporon. Metabolites from linolenic acid were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Linoleic, oleic, stearic, heptadecanoic, palmitic, pentadecanoic, and pimelic acids were identified as metabolites of linolenic acid. The existence of a route to pimelic acid from linolenic acid in a strain of Rhodotorula rubra AKU 4836 was also indicated.

Candida↗
PubMed1987

[Ultrasonographic diagnosis of intracystic breast tumors].

Ultrasonography was performed on 1805 patients with breast diseases during the past 3 years and 20 (1.1%) intracystic tumors were detected. Among 20 intracystic tumors, 14 were finally diagnosed as benign and 6 as malignant. None of the 6 malignant lesions was judged as exclusively malignant and only 3 were considered as suspiciously malignant by ultrasonography. Ultrasonography is effective in making the location of intracystic tumors clear but not suitable for distinguishing malignant tumor from those that are benign. On the contrary, among the 6 malignant lesions, 5 were diagnosed as malignant and 1 as suspiciously malignant by aspiration cytology. Therefore, a combined examination of ultrasonography and aspiration cytology is a useful method for preoperative diagnosis of intracystic breast tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Purification and characterization of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in human gastric mucosa.

Immunoreactive pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) was purified to homogeneity from human gastric mucosa by gel chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and repeated reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The molecular weight of the purified immunoreactive PSTI in human gastric mucosa was estimated to be 6000. The electrophoretical mobility of purified PSTI was identical with that of the main component of PSTI in human pancreatic juice. It consisted of 56 amino acids and had the same amino acid composition as PSTI in pancreatic juice. It inhibited bovine pancreatic trypsin stoichiometrically, and did not inhibit porcine pancreatic kallikrein or elastase. Heat treatment of immunoreactive PSTI in gastric mucosa showed the same inactivation curve of immunoreactivity as that of pancreatic juice PSTI.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Development of a radioimmunoassay for human deoxyribonuclease I.

A reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) is described. Using delayed addition of tracer antigen, the method is sensitive (9.5 reproducible and specific. A good parallel relationship was observed between the standard curve and dilution curves for human urine and human pancreatic juice. G-actin, a naturally occurring DNase I inhibitor, caused no change in the immunoreactivity of DNase I. In healthy individuals, aged 11-90 yr, the mean serum DNase I was 18.4 ng/ml (SD 6.7 ng/ml). Increased serum DNase I occurred in patients with acute pancreatitis, renal failure, and in about one-third of patients with various malignant tumors.

Actins↗
PubMed1986

Usefulness of determination of serum immunoreactive pancreatic phospholipase A2 content for early identification of severe acute pancreatitis.

To investigate the correlation between the initial levels of serum pancreatic enzymes and the severity of acute pancreatitis, serum amylase activity, immunoreactive trypsin content, phospholipase A2 activity and immunoreactive pancreatic phospholipase A2 content were comparatively measured in 22 patients with acute pancreatitis. Serum immunoreactive pancreatic phospholipase A2 content and phospholipase A2 activity in the severe group were significantly elevated as compared with those in the group of moderate pancreatitis on the first day of onset. The elevation of the initial immunoreactive phospholipase A2 content in the severe group was far greater than that of amylase activity, trypsin content and phospholipase A2 activity. The difference between immunoreactive phospholipase A2 content and phospholipase A2 activity was, in part, due to the presence of prophospholipase A2 in severe acute pancreatitis sera, but the phospholipase A2 content measured by radioimmunoassay was still about 5 times higher than that calculated from fully activated phospholipase A2 activity by trypsin.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

The bacteriolytic action of MT-141, a new cephamycin antibiotic, on gram-negative bacteria.

MT-141, a new cephamycin (7 alpha-methoxy-cephalosporin) antibiotic with a D-cysteine moiety in its 7 beta-side chain, has binding affinities to penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli and an inhibitory action on their transpeptidase activity similar to those of other structurally related cephamycins. Yet this antibiotic was found to exert an exceedingly strong and rapid lytic action on sensitive Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Salmonella enteritidis. Not only rapidly growing cells, but also slowly growing dense cells of the above bacteria could be lysed by this antibiotic at low concentrations. In the presence of 20% sucrose, low concentrations of MT-141 induced smooth-surfaced single and twin bulges of the putative growth zone of the cells and irregularly orientated rough-surfaced bulges. Probably the 7 beta-side chain structure of this antibiotic is involved in its rapid and strong bacteriolytic action.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Biosynthesis of biotin-vitamers from unsaturated higher fatty acids by bacteria.

The biosynthesis of biotin-vitamers from unsaturated higher fatty acids by the resting cell system of bacteria was investigated. Biotin-vitamer formation from oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids was found in certain bacteria belonging to the genera Enterobacter, Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Escherichia and Micrococcus. The biotin-vitamers were identified as a mixture of 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid, desthiobiotin and biotin. Metabolites other than biotin-vitamers from those fatty acids were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Linoleic, oleic, C-17 and C-15 saturated fatty acids were identified as the main metabolites of linolenic acid. The pathway of biosynthesis of pimelic acid from linolenic acid by a strain of Bacillus sphaericus AKU 0227 was also studied.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1985

Postoperative elevation of serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor.

Postoperative transient elevations of serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor are reported for the first time. The elevations were independent of the surgical procedures or sites, and the maximum serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor was seen on the 2nd to 4th postoperative day. The elevation of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor was significantly correlated with the length of the operation time and the volume of blood loss during the operation. The change of serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor was also significantly correlated with those of white blood cell count, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and fibrinogen.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Changes in serum pancreatic enzymes and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor in patients with severe acute pancreatitis].

Serum pancreatic enzymes (amylase, trypsin, pancreatic elastase 1, pancreatic phospholipase A2) and serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) were measured in 22 patients with moderate or severe acute pancreatitis. Serum levels of all pancreatic enzymes were elevated at the initial determination, but they fell rapidly to normal in both moderate and severe pancreatitis. In contrast, PSTI in severe pancreatitis increased after admission and reached the maximum on the second to the forth day after onset. There was a significant positive correlation between the level of PSTI and that of acute phase reactant (fibrinogen, alpha 1-antitrypsin), and serum PSTI in severe acute pancreatitis changed as if it was one of acute phase reactants. There was also a significant negative correlation between the level of serum PSTI and that of alpha 2-macroglobulin.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Comparative bactericidal and morphological effects of five cephamycins on cells of three gram-negative bacilli at decreasing drug concentrations.

The bactericidal and morphological effects under drug-decreasing conditions of cefminox (MT-141), cefoxitin, cefmetazole, cefotetan and latamoxef were compared on Klebsiella pneumoniae PCl-602, Escherichia coli No. 29 and Serratia marcescens No. 1 cells. A new drug-decreasing method was developed by the use of an antibiotic removal device. Cefminox displayed an earlier onset and a higher rate of bactericidal action than the other cephamycins against the test organisms, although the minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefminox were similar to or higher than those of the other drugs. Morphologically, cefminox caused rapid lysis of the cells without filamentation, whereas the reference cephamycins caused mainly elongation of the cells under the test conditions. Frequent formation of multiple bulges on cells exposed to cefminox was observed in an isotonic medium.

Cephamycins↗
PubMed1984

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of MT-141, a new semisynthetic cephamycin, compared with those of five cephalosporins.

The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of MT-141 were compared with those of cefoxitin, cefmetazole, moxalactam, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone. The MICs of MT-141 for 90% of bacterial isolates were lower than the reference drugs against clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium difficile, and Bacteroides fragilis, whereas against clinical isolates of other gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, the MICs of MT-141 were similar to or higher than those of the reference drugs. In contrast, the bactericidal activity of MT-141 after 6- and 24-h exposures was superior to all of the reference drugs against 9 to 10 of the 12 bacterial strains studied, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enteritidis, indol-positive Proteus species, Serratia marcescens, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Clostridium perfringens. In the treatment of systemic infections in mice, MT-141 was again superior against 9 of the 12 strains tested, showing a good correlation with the bactericidal activity. It was found that the 50% effective doses of the six cephalosporins studied correlated better with the MBCs than with the MICs. As the serum levels of MT-141 in mice after subcutaneous administration were similar to those of the reference drugs, it was concluded that the bactericidal activity of MT-141 was a dominant factor in its in vivo activity.

Animals↗