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Biomedical subjects

K Miyai

Publications and source records attributed to K Miyai.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection in a homosexual man with severe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

A 44-yr-old white homosexual man with a history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed watery diarrhea and fever. Flexible sigmoidoscopy revealed yellow plaques in the sigmoid colon suggestive of pseudomembranous colitis. Stool examination for ova and parasites, Clostridium difficile toxin, and cultures for pathogens, including Clostridium difficile, were negative. Infection with multiple organisms, including Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, Toxoplasma gondii, herpes simplex, and cytomegalovirus, was demonstrated. Postmortem examination showed esophageal and colonic ulcerations with cytomegalic inclusions, and cytomegalovirus was cultured from the colonic lesions. This report describes a case of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection with esophageal and colonic involvement in a homosexual man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Effect of albumin concentration on the assay of serum free thyroxin by equilibrium radioimmunoassay with labeled thyroxin analog (Amerlex Free T4).

Serum free thyroxin (FT4) in normal nonpregnant and pregnant subjects was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) with Amerlex FT4 RIA (Amersham International) and LiquiSol FT4 RIA (Damon Diagnostics) kits. Amerlex FT4 values in serum from pregnant women were lower than those in serum from nonpregnant women, but LiquiSol FT4 values were similar in serum from both groups. Amerlex FT4 values were directly correlated with the concentrations of albumin in serum and inversely correlated with those of thyroxin-binding globulin, but not with prealbumin concentrations. No significant correlations were observed between LiquiSol FT4 values and serum concentrations of thyroxin-binding proteins. Amerlex FT4 values were normal in patients with excess, deficient, or decreased thyroxin-binding globulin. Albumin added to serum samples increased Amerlex FT4 values but not LiquiSol FT4 values. Albumin inhibited the binding of labeled thyroxin analog to the solid-phase thyroxin antibody. These data indicate that the albumin concentration influences FT4 values as measured by an RIA involving a thyroxin analog and that Amerlex FT4 values should be carefully interpreted when the patient has an abnormal concentration of serum albumin.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Enzyme immunoassay of thyroxin-binding globulin in dried blood samples on filter paper.

A double-antibody enzyme immunoassay was developed for determination of thyroxin-binding globulin in dried blood samples on filter paper. The measurable concentration range of thyroxin-binding globulin in two 3-mm blood discs was 3.3 to 52 mg/L equivalent of serum (i.e., equivalent to the concentrations in known serum standards). Thyroxin-binding globulin in dried blood samples on filter paper was stable for at least four weeks when kept dry at -20 degrees C, 4 degrees C, or room temperature. The mean coefficients of variation were 6.6% (within assay) and 5.9% (between assays). The concentrations of thyroxin-binding globulin in dried blood samples determined by this method correlated well with those in serum determined by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.95) and by enzyme immunoassay (r = 0.96). This method is applicable for detecting cases of thyroxin-binding globulin deficiency and avoids the false-positive results for neonatal hypothyroidism obtained by measuring thyroxin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Enzyme immunoassay of HBeAg employing beta-D-galactosidase.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was developed employing beta-D-galactosidase conjugated with antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe) and using m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester as the coupling reagent. The experimental conditions for quantitative assay of HBeAg were determined. The presence of rheumatoid factor in test sera did not affect the results. This assay system is more sensitive than the micro-Ouchterlony method and as sensitive as radioimmunoassay. The use of beta-D-galactosidase for ELISA in the field of virology is recommended.

Galactosidases↗
PubMed1983

Correlation of peripheral T gamma and K lymphocytes in normal subjects and patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.

K lymphocytes are thought to be included in the T gamma lymphocyte subpopulation, but the reports on the relation between T gamma and K lymphocyte counts in human peripheral blood are not available. Peripheral T gamma and K lymphocytes were enumerated simultaneously by EA rosette formation and ADCC plaque formation, respectively, in normal subjects and in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. In thyrotoxic Graves' disease, the percentages of both T gamma and K lymphocytes were lower than in normal subjects. No abnormalities in T gamma and K lymphocytes were observed in euthyroid patients with Graves' disease and with Hashimoto's disease. The percentages of T gamma lymphocytes were higher than those of K lymphocytes and these 2 lymphocyte subpopulations showed significant correlations within groups of patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease and in normal subjects. The slope of the regression line for the group with Hashimoto's disease was normal but that for the group with Graves' disease was steeper than that for normal subjects. These data indicate that T gamma lymphocytes and K lymphocytes are in overlapping subpopulations of Fc gamma receptor-bearing lymphocytes in human peripheral blood and suggest that there is an abnormal distribution of K lymphocytes in the T gamma lymphocyte subpopulation in Graves' disease.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Effects of various isolation methods for human peripheral lymphocytes on T cell subsets determined in a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS), and demonstration of a sex difference of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells.

The effects of various methods for removal of monocytes and residual erythrocytes from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) on T cell subsets were examined. T cell subsets were determined in a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) using fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (anti-Leu-1, anti-Leu-2a and anti-Leu-3a antibodies). Removal of monocytes by methods based on adherence or phagocytosis decreased yields of lymphocytes and caused changes in the percentage and/or the fluorescence intensity of T cell subsets. Exclusion of monocytes from the FACS analysis by setting of the scatter gates was incomplete (about 80%). Removal of residual erythrocytes after Ficoll separation by ammonium chloride treatment also changed the percentage of T cell subsets. A method using PBMC without removal of monocytes and erythrocytes was chosen as best and simplest for routine use in FACS analysis of lymphocytes. Erythrocytes could be excluded from the FACS analysis by setting the scatter gates and the percentage of T cell subsets was corrected after measurement of monocytes, identified by peroxidase staining. The reproducibility of measurements of T cell subsets made at different times was examined using PBMC obtained from the same healthy man during 12 weeks. For standardization of the assay, the peak positions of scatter and fluorescence intensity of each PBMC labeled with anti-Leu-3a were adjusted to standard values in each FACS analysis. Under these conditions, variations of other parameters of this standard PBMC were very small in 12 different assays. Using this standard PBMC, satisfactory, reproducible results were also observed on PBMC obtained from another normal subject. Therefore, this standard PBMC labeled with anti-Leu-3a was used as a standard in FACS analysis. Under these accurately standardized conditions, it was demonstrated that the peak position of fluorescence intensity of Leu-2a (suppressor/cytotoxic T) cells was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in women than in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A microcytotoxicity assay for thyroid-specific cytotoxic antibody, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and direct lymphocyte cytotoxicity using human thyroid cells.

A microcytotoxicity assay for detection of thyroid-specific complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody (cytotoxic antibody), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and direct lymphocyte cytotoxicity was developed using human, thyroid epithelial cells as targets. Thyroid tissue was obtained from patient with Graves' disease and was treated with collagenase and then trypsin. The red blood cells, interfollicular fibroblasts and infiltrating lymphoid cells in thyroid tissue from patients with Graves' disease could be removed by this procedure. To obtain entirely single cells as target cells, the suspension of dispersed thyroid epithelial cells was allowed to stand for 1 h at 4 degree C in culture medium to allow cell clumps to settle. For assay of cytotoxic antibody, a mixture of the single target cells, patient's serum and human complement was incubated in microwells for 18 h. After removing the detached cells, remaining target cells in the wells were fixed, stained and counted to assess cytotoxicity. For assay of ADCC and of direct lymphocyte cytotoxicity, target thyroid cells were precultured in the microwells for 18 h. Then effector cells with or without patient's serum were added and cultured further for 24-72 h. Cytotoxicity was assessed as described above. Adherence of effector cells to target thyroid cells sometimes disturbed the enumeration of target cells when the effector/target cell ratio was high. With this microassay system 3 different cytotoxic immune reactions against human thyroid cells could be measured quantitatively at the same time on 2-3 ml blood samples.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1982

A solid phase fluoroimmunoassay of serum cortisol.

Direct solid phase fluoroimmunoassay of serum cortisol was established by using fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled anti-cortisol antibody and cortisol conjugated polyacrylamide beads. Sodium salicylate was used as a blocking agent for cortisol binding proteins. The sensitivity of this assay was 0.2 ng/assay tube and the measurable range was from 2 to 100 micrograms/dl using 10 microliters of serum. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 11.6% (mean +/- SD 19.8 +/- 2.3 micrograms/dl, n = 5): and 12.1% (mean +/- SD 22.8 +/- 2.8 micrograms/dl, n = 5), respectively. THe accuracy was estimated from recovery study and the average recovery was 100.2%. Cortisol values determined by the present method correlated well with those determined by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.98, y = 0.98 x + 0.04, n = 35). The proposed assay satisfied the standard criteria of dilution, accuracy, and precision, and is applicable to routine measurement of serum cortisol.

Carrier Proteins↗