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Biomedical subjects

K Miyai

Publications and source records attributed to K Miyai.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Susceptibility of clinical isolates to cefotaxime. Comparison to new antibiotics latamoxef, cefoperazone, and ceftizoxime].

Susceptibilities of 372 strains of bacteria to cefotaxime (CTX) were determined based on the inhibition zone diameter obtained by the single-disc method. Four categories were assessed. Susceptibility of clinical isolated to CTX and 3 other antibiotics. Against most strains, CTX showed higher antibacterial activity than other drugs in the low concentration, especially for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae, E. coli and P. morganii. Susceptibility of strains isolated from different clinical materials. CTX showed the highest antibacterial activity against most strains isolated from pus, blood and cerebrospinal fluid and showed higher activity against strains isolated from other materials, too. Susceptibility of clinical isolates in 7 different fields. CTX was shown to have uniformly higher antibacterial activity than other drugs against isolates from such fields as internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, urology, obstetrics & gynecology, dermatology and otorhinolaryngology. CTX showed the highest antibacterial activity in dermatology. Susceptibility of all clinical isolates. CTX showed the highest antibacterial activity against isolated pathogenic 352 strains (except for P. aeruginosa of 20 strains).

Bacteria↗
PubMed1984

Determination of complement breakdown fragments C3d and its subfragments in health and disease.

The breakdown products of the third component of complement in approximately 400 samples were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and two-dimensional electrophoresis using the method of Brandslund et al [3]. It was confirmed that the measurement of the C3d level provides useful information on increased C3 consumption irrespective of the synthetic rate. Furthermore, three subfragments with C3d but without C3c antigenicity were distinguished, which were designated as C3d1, C3d2, and C3d3. The subfragment C3d3 which migrated to the most anodal side was a predominant component in the plasma from patients with autoimmune diseases. Little C3d3 subfragment was detected in normal plasma and in normal sera incubated in vitro for 24 hr. Even in the normal sera converted completely in vitro which contained little intact C3, only a limited amount of C3d3 was detected. In the plasma from postsurgical patients in whom activation of the complement system was considered to be in an acute phase, C3d3 was detected, but the C3d2 level was higher than the C3d3 level. In the plasma from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus having the normal C3d level, C3d3 was a major fragment. It is predicted that the preponderant presence of C3d3 in plasma could be the result of chronic continuous complement activation by immune complexes.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1984

Enzyme immunoassay of free thyroxin in serum.

We describe a double-antibody enzyme immunoassay for free thyroxin (FT4) in serum with use of beta-D-galactosidase conjugated to thyroxin. The method is uninfluenced by thyroxin-binding globulin or albumin. Values for FT4 so determined correlated well with those determined by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.98) and equilibrium dialysis (r = 0.89). The mean variability (CV) within and between assays was 7.4% and 7.6%, respectively. The measurable range of FT4 in serum was 2.8 to 109 ng/L. The FT4 concentrations in serum as determined by this method were 8.4 to 15.5 ng/L for 26 normal adult subjects; 26 to greater than 109 ng/L for 10 patients with hyperthyroidism; less than 2.8 to 8.0 ng/L for seven patients with hypothyroidism; 7.3 to 15.8 ng/L for eight pregnant women; and 12.2 and 13.5 ng/L for two patients with low concentrations of thyroxin-binding globulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Decrease of peripheral large granular lymphocytes in Graves' disease.

Peripheral large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were enumerated in normal subjects and patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. In normal subjects, the percentage of LGL was significantly lower in women (mean +/- s.d., 17.0 +/- 3.6%; n = 35; P less than 0.05) than in men (19.5 +/- 5.3%; n = 20). In untreated patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease (GD), both the percentage (11.5 +/- 2.7%; n = 12; P less than 0.001) and the absolute count (244 +/- 102/mm3; P less than 0.01) of LGL were significantly lower than those in normal women (17.0 +/- 3.6% and 334 +/- 122/mm3; n = 35). No significant differences from normal controls were observed in the percentages or absolute counts of LGL in patients with euthyroid GD under treatment or in euthyroid or hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto's disease (HD). The percentage of LGL was inversely correlated with the serum levels of T4 and T3 and the free T4 index, but not with the titre of anti-thyroid antibodies, the size of goitre or the degree of proptosis in the group of untreated patients with GD and HD. The decreased levels of LGL in thyrotoxic patients with GD may be related to the self-perpetuation of thyrotoxicosis in patients with this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effect of biliary pressure versus high bile acid flux on the permeability of hepatocellular tight junction.

Creation of a shunt between the common bile duct and vena cava, choledocho-caval shunt (CCS), causes biliary retention without obstruction. This in turn induces a marked choleresis (up to three times the normal bile flow) and increases bile acid output, both of which reach a plateau by 6 hours and remain elevated thereafter. In contrast, bile duct obstruction produces high biliary pressure and stoppage of bile flow and bile acid output. To compare the effect of biliary pressure and bile acid flux on permeability of the hepatocellular tight junction, we examined lanthanum permeation through tight junctions and bile to plasma concentration ratios of 3H-sucrose in these two models. In addition, we examined the effect of biliary pressure further by adjusting biliary pressure to 15 cm of H2O in modified CCS animals. At 6 hours after establishing these experimental models in male Sprague-Dawley rats, we infused lanthanum chloride (5 mM) in physiologic saline through the aorta (120 mm Hg) for 3 minutes, followed by perfusion fixation of the liver. Transmission electron microscopy on 144 bile canaliculi in each group (three rats each) revealed penetration of lanthanum in descending order of pressure rather than bile acid output: bile duct obstruction (50.7%), modified CCS (19.4%), CCS (13.2%), and control (5.6%). Bile to plasma concentration ratios of 3H-sucrose measured at 0, 2, and 6 hours in CCS and modified CCS animals revealed a marked increase of bile to plasma ratios only in the modified CCS group. These data lead us to conclude that biliary pressure is the significant determinant of biliary permeability and that bile acid output is important only insofar as the resultant choleresis elevates pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Changes of the pattern of biliary bile acids during isolated rat liver perfusion.

In spite of the extensive use of isolated perfused liver systems for bile acid related studies, the composition of biliary bile acids during liver perfusion is not well known. Using recently developed bioluminescence assays for 3 alpha-OH-, 7 alpha-OH-, and 12 alpha-OH- bile acids we studied the hydroxylation pattern of bile acids in bile during 90 minutes perfusion of isolated rat liver without added bile acid load. At the beginning 7 alpha-hydroxylated bile acids comprised more than 50% of total bile acids from male livers and more than 90% from female livers, this percentage declined rapidly during the first 40-50 minutes of perfusion to values between 10 and 20%. 12 alpha-hydroxylated bile acids comprised between 15 and 30% of the total at beginning of the perfusion and decreased to about 10% after 40 minutes. Sex differences as well as the influence of the duration of perfusion should be considered when the isolated perfused rat liver is used for bile acid related studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Simple enzymatic detection method for urinary sulfated 7 alpha-hydroxy bile acids in normal subjects and in patients with acute hepatitis.

Urinary sulfated primary bile acids, 7 alpha-hydroxy bile acids, are detected by an enzymatic method using 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.-, 7 alpha-HSD) after chromatographic fractionation on Sephadex G-25. Urinary sulfated or glucuronated bile acids are hydrolyzed by beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase (EC 3.2.1.31/EC 3.1.6.1) from Helix pomatia and then released 7 alpha-hydroxy bile acids are detected with 7 alpha-HSD in the presence of beta-ND+, diaphorase (EC 1.6.99.2, from Clostridium kluyveri) and 2-p-iodophenyl-3-p-nitrophenyl-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride. The absorbance of formazan formed during the enzymic reaction is measured at 500 nm. Excretion values of 7 alpha-hydroxy bile acids in normal subjects and in patients with acute hepatitis were compared. This enzymatic detection method for the excretion pattern of urinary 7 alpha-hydroxy bile acids may be useful for clinical diagnosis.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1983

Intravascular, bronchiolar, and alveolar tumor of the lung (IVBAT). An analysis of twenty cases of a peculiar sclerosing endothelial tumor.

Twenty cases of an unusual tumor of the lung are described. This tumor usually presents with multiple small, slowly growing pulmonary nodules. Many cases are detected incidentally. Eighty percent are women, and 50% are less than 40 years of age. Survival with tumor can be quite long. However, one half the patients have died, usually of progressive pulmonary insufficiency. This is a peculiar sclerosing tumor of endothelial cell origin.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1983

Thyroid hormones in human milk and their influence on thyroid function of breast-fed babies.

Various assay methods for detection of thyroid hormones in human milk were evaluated in recovery and dilution experiments after which the concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) were measured and compared with those in serum. The effect of breast feeding on pituitary thyroid function of normal babies also was studied. Competitive protein-binding analysis (CPBA) was found to be unsuitable for measurement of T4 in milk. T4 was not detected in samples of human milk by four radioimmunoassays (RIA), although more than 100% of T4 was recovered in the assays. RIA (double antibody-ANS system) seemed to be reliable for detection of T3 in milk, judging from recovery and dilution experiments. T3 was detectable in all samples obtained 1-4 months postpartum. The T3 concentration in milk was not correlated with protein concentration or daily volume. The concentration of T3 in milk was lower than that in serum and the mean ratio of serum T3 to milk T3 was 2.8 +/- 1.7 (mean +/- S.D.). No correlation was observed between the T3 concentration or daily T3 excretion in milk and the T3 concentration in serum. The total amount of T3 excreted in milk was estimated as only 5-1000 ng/day. The serum levels of thyrotropin, T4, free T4 and T3 were not significantly different between breast-fed and bottle-fed babies. These results indicate that T3 excretion in milk cannot be explained by simple diffusion from the blood into the mother's milk and that breast feeding has no influence on the pituitary thyroid axis of normal babies.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1983

T lymphocyte subsets in autoimmune thyroid diseases and subacute thyroiditis detected with monoclonal antibodies.

Peripheral T lymphocyte subsets were analysed with monoclonal antibodies, by highly standardized fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis instead of manual counting by the indirect immunofluorescence method, in autoimmune thyroid diseases and subacute thyroiditis. Total lymphocyte counts were increased in patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease and subacute thyroiditis. The percentage of total T (Leu 1) cells was significantly lower in patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease with destructive thyrotoxicosis than in normal subjects. No significant changes were observed in the percentages of suppressor-cytotoxic T (Leu 2a) cells or helper-inducer T (Leu 3a) cells or in the Leu 3a-Leu 2a ratio in different groups of patients. There were no correlations between the percentages of E rosette-forming cells and Leu 1 cells and between the percentages of T gamma cells and Leu 2a cells in normal subjects and patients. The peak position of fluorescence intensity of Leu 2a cells showed a significant sex difference even in normal controls. The most important finding was a significant decrease in the peak position of Leu 2a cells in patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease and with hypothyroid or thyrotoxic Hashimoto's disease. These findings indicate the significant association of qualitative, but not quantitative, abnormality of suppressor-cytotoxic T (Leu 2a) cells with thyroid dysfunction in autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects of synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on plasma ACTH and cortisol in 31 normal human males.

Responses of plasma ACTH and cortisol to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) were evaluated in 31 normal human males. 1.0 micrograms/ks of sterilized synthetic ovine CRF was administered to the subjects, aged 19 to 53 yr and weighing 50 to 78 kg, at between 9:30 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. as an intravenous bolus injection after an overnight fast. Blood specimens were drawn before and 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after injection for later determination of plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations by radioimmunoassays. Plasma ACTH and cortisol levels for all subjects rose significantly (p less than 0.001) from the basal level (mean +/- SEM, 26.8 +/- 4.5 pg/ml and 12.6 +/- 0.9 micrograms/dl) to peak levels (58.4 +/- 5.5 pg/ml and 22.9 +/- 1.0 micrograms/dl) at 30 min and at 60 min, respectively. Although the plasma concentrations of ACTH and cortisol thereafter declined gradually, the levels at 120 min (43.4 +/- 5.2 pg/ml and 18.9 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml, respectively) were still significantly higher than the basal levels (p less than 0.001). Significant inverse correlations were observed between the basal levels of each hormone and the ratio of the peak level to the basal level (p less than 0.01), and the increases in plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were either not significant or much smaller for the individuals in whom the basal levels were higher than 65 pg/ml and 17.0 micrograms/dl, respectively. No serious subjective symptom was observed during the experimental period in any of the subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Effects of neonatal exposure to TRH on development of the pituitary-thyroid axis in rats.

TRH (10 and 1000 micrograms/kg body weight) was administered ip daily to neonatal rats from day 0 to 9 after birth (Neo-TRH rats) and their pituitary-thyroid axis was examined on days 4, 10, 21 and 90. The pituitary TSH content in Neo-TRH rats was significantly smaller than in controls on days 4 and 10. The serum TSH levels in Neo-TRH rats were significantly lower than those in controls on days 4 (male group only), 10 and 21 (only 10 micrograms/kg group). The serum T4 levels in Neo-TRH rats were lower than in controls on day 10. The reduced pituitary TSH content and serum TSH and T4 were restored to control levels on day 90. However, the response of serum TSH to exogenous TRH (10 micrograms/kg/ip) was blunted in Neo-TRH rats on days 10, 21 and 90. It is concluded that repetitive administration of TRH during the neonatal period suppresses the pituitary-thyroid axis in neonatal life, even after the basal hormone level has been restored to normal.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Susceptibility of clinical isolates to cefotaxime].

Susceptibilities of 737 strains of 19 species of bacteria to cefotaxime (CTX) were determined based on the inhibition zone diameter obtained by the single-disc method. Four categories were assessed. 1. Susceptibility of clinical isolates to CTX and 6 other antibiotics Against most strains, CTX showed higher antibacterial activity than other drugs (CET, ABPC, SBPC, CMZ, GM, AMK), especially for S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae. Furthermore, CTX was more active than the other antibiotics against E. coli, Indole (+) Proteus, P. mirabilis, Klebsiella sp., S. marcescens, H. influenzae and E. cloacae. 2. Susceptibility of strains isolated from different clinical materials CTX showed the highest antibacterial activity against most strains isolated from sputum, urine, pus, blood and cerebrospinal fluid. However, CTX was occasionally less than potent AMK and GM against strains isolated from bile. Against P. aeruginosa strains derived from clinical materials, the following results were obtained: AMK greater than CFS, FOM greater than CTX greater than GM greater than SBPC 3. Susceptibility of clinical isolates in 7 different fields CTX was the most active antibiotic tested in the fields of internal medicine, pediatrics, urology, obstetrics & gynecology, dermatology and otorhinolaryngology. But in surgery, CTX was less potent than GM and AMK. 4. Susceptibility of clinical isolates of inpatients and outpatients CTX showed excellent activity against many beta-lactamase resistant strains isolated from patients.

Bacteria↗