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Biomedical subjects

K Miller

Publications and source records attributed to K Miller.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Influence of asbestos fibers on collagen and prostaglandin production in fibroblast and macrophage co-cultures.

The interaction of fibroblasts, macrophages, and crocidolite asbestos fibers was studied in cell culture. We determined the effects of co-cultivation and asbestos fibers on collagen, total protein, and PG production. The co-cultivation of guinea pig alveolar macrophages and fetal lung fibroblasts resulted in a 155% increase in protein and a 31% increase in collagen production above fibroblast controls. The collagen was derived exclusively from the fibroblasts. Although total protein production was derived predominantly from the fibroblasts, the macrophages in co-culture also contributed to the protein levels. The addition of asbestos fibers to fibroblast cultures resulted in a decrease in collagen and total protein production. The addition of asbestos fibers to fibroblast and macrophage co-cultures prevented the enhancement of collagen production and limited the increase in protein production above fibroblast controls. PGE2, PGI2, and TXA2 were measured in macrophage and fibroblast cultures. Very low, almost undetectable PG production was observed under basal conditions by either cell type alone or in co-culture. Bradykinin induced release of these PGs in fibroblast but not macrophage cultures. This release was enhanced in co-cultures. Asbestos fibers, when added to the co-cultures caused a significant increase in the release of PGs, particularly PGE2. PGE2 is known to inhibit collagen and total protein production by fibroblasts. The increased release of PGs in asbestos-treated co-cultures may have contributed to the described asbestos suppression of collagen production

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Absence of lymphocyte glucocorticoid hypersensitivity in primary open angle glaucoma.

The glucocorticosteroid sensitivity of patients with primary open angle glaucoma and normal patients was determined by the quantity of dexamethasone required to reduce concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte blast transformation to 50% of control values (I50). This was performed under culturing conditions employing both serum-free medium and medium supplemented with 10% autologous serum. A comparison of the I50 between normal subjects and those with primary open angle glaucoma did not show a significant difference in steroid sensitivity under either of the two culturing conditions. It is concluded that persons with primary open angle glaucoma do not have a generalized inherited or acquired cellular hypersensitivity to glucocorticoids.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Nonunion.

Nonunion can be classified into hypertrophic and atrophic types solely on radiographic appearance. The etiology of the former is uncontrolled motion at the fracture site and of the latter is devitalization of bone at the fracture site. The orthopedic management of each type differs markedly. Early diagnosis and proper orthopedic management of nonunion are predicated on proper interpretation of the radiographs. The radiographic appearance of each type is discussed and the pathophysiology is explained.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1981

Evidence of transient effect by lignocaine on alveolar macrophage morphology.

Alveolar macrophages were extracted from rat lung by pulmonary lavage. The lavage fluid consisted of Joklik's minimum essential medium alone, containing lignocaine, or lignocaine with the addition of 10% foetal calf serum. Although the presence of lignocaine increased the macrophage yield 3-fold, in the absence of foetal calf serum the resulting macrophage population exhibited gross cytoplasmic vacuolation. The presence of foetal calf serum prevented this vacuolar formation. There was no difference in either the osmolarity or pH of the media and although the vacuolation failed to produce changes in a cell viability assay, the presence of the morphological change is obviously undesirable when functional studies are to be carried out.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cell-growth kinetics and karyotype analysis of human memory lymphocytes responding to alloantigen and mitogen.

Peripheral-blood lymphocytes were primed in vitro with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or with allogeneic cells and their memory responses studied following sequential restimulation with either mitogen or alloantigen. Chromosome preparations were made every 24 hours following exposure to the stimulating agents. Cultures were labeled with BUdR for sister-chromatid staining of the chromosomes which provided information about the kinetics of cell growth and rates of sister chromatid exchange. Cultures containing n BUdR were used for the investigation of cell karyotypes after chromosome-banding. Following PHA as well as alloantigen restimulation, an earlier reaction of the responding cells was observed. The peak response after the first stimulation was found at 120 h with allogeneic stimulation and at 60 h with mitogen stimulation. In the second round of stimulation, the peak occurred after 48 h (allogeneic) and 36 h (PHA) and following the third stimulation after 36 h (allogeneic) and 24 h (PHA). The speed of cell growth was decreased following restimulation with either alloantigen and mitogen. In contrast to the allogeneic restimulation, the number of cells responding after PHA restimulation was decreased. No systematic numerical or structural aberration of the karyotype was detected following repeated stimulation with either alloantigen or mitogen. In this sense, the lymphocyte subpopulations selected by repeated stimulation did not differ from the starting material. On the other hand, the sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency was increased following allogeneic restimulation, whereas it remained constant with PHA restimulation.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Spatial and temporal memory in 20 to 60 year olds.

Younger (mean age = 20 years) and older (mean age = 64 years) adults were tested on spatial and temporal memory tasks. No age difference was observed on the temporal task but older adults performed worse than younger adults on the spatial task. The absence of an age-related decline in performance on the temporal task is counter to most previous developmental research on adults' memory. This finding indicates that normal aging is not associated with poor encoding or retention of all types of information. The presence of an age-related decline in performance on the spatial task is consistent with most research on memory aging. Moreover, this finding indicates that aging affects retention of some types of information often assumed to be encoded automatically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Psychological change in neurotic depression: a repertory grid and personal construct theory approach.

Personal construct theory and repertory grid methodology were applied to a study of psychological change experienced by a sample of ten neurotic depressives and their matched controls during short-term hospitalization. All subjects completed a repertory grid and the Zung depression scale on admission to hospital. Depressives were characterized by lower self-esteem, more negative social perception and higher scores on the Zung scale. Both measures were repeated at the time of discharge from hospital. Depressives showed a significant reduction in depressive mood, more positive social perception, and a change in th construing of the self; controls showed no changes. It is argued that the use of a quantitative assessment technique reinforced by a theoretical framework results in a more refined understanding of psychological change.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Indomethacin and its effect on renal function and urinary kallikrein excretion in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus.

In the course of a double-blind trial of intravenous indomethacin therapy in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus, renal function and urinary kallikrein were studied in 21 infants following one dose of either saline placebo or indomethacin. Ten infants were assigned to the control group and 11 were in the indomethacin group. Significantly lower urine output, fraction excretion of sodium, fraction excretion of chloride, and urinary kallikrein were noted by 45%, 59%, 63%, and 51%, respectively, in the indomethacin group as compared to the control group. There was a concomitant decrease in serum sodium concentration (P less than .05) at 24 hours following indomethacin therapy. No significant difference in glomerular filtration rate was seen between the control group and the indomethacin-treated infants.

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent↗
PubMed1980

Carrageenan.

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Animals↗