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Biomedical subjects

K Melby

Publications and source records attributed to K Melby.

108 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Effect of selective beta-adrenergic blockade and stimulation on regional myocardial blood flow following acute coronary artery occlusion in the awake dog.

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of alterations of beta-receptor activity on intercoronary collateral blood flow after acute coronary artery occlusion in the awake dog. Blood flow following acute circumflex coronary occlusion was measured during: 1) control conditions; 2) selective beta1-blockade with practolol; 3) combined beta1 and beta2 blockade with propranolol; and 4) selective beta2 stimulation. Neither practolol nor propranolol significantly altered the volume or distribution of blood flow into the normally perfused or ischaemicmyocardial areas, while beta2 stimulation increased blood flow to the normally perfused myocardium from 1.13 +/- 0.12 to 1.28 +/- 1.10 cm3 .min-1 .g-1 (P <0.05). This increase in flow, which was directed preferentially to the subepicardium, was mediated by a significant decrease in coronary vascular resistance. In contrast to the effect on normally perfused myocardiu, beta2 stimulation resulted in a 47 +/- 12% decrease in collateral flow into the central ischaemic zone (P <0.05), which was mediated by a combination of decreased arterial pressure and increased collateral vascular resistance during beta2-agonist administration. Thus, although beta2 stimulation produced a modest increase in blood flow to normally perfused myocardium, in the setting of acute myocardial ischaemia, beta2 stimulation resulted in a significant decrease in intercoronary collateral flow.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1980

Effects of some antibacterial agents on the phagocytosis of 32P-labelled Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear cells.

Gentamicin, trimethroprim, cephalothin, colistin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol were studied in a phagocytic system. A radiolabelled strain of E. coli was used as test bacterium and human polymorphonuclear cells were used as phagocytes. Except for trimethoprim and cephalothin, there was a tendency towards depression of the process of phagocytosis in the presence of high concentrations of the various antibiotics. Colistin in a high concentration (83 micrograms/ml) exerted the most significant effect.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Beta-lactamase production and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in community strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

A study of 193 strains of Staphylococcus aureus with respect to beta-lactamase/penicillinase activity and antibiotic sensitivity pattern is reported. Eighty-eight strains were obtained from clinical material from patients treated by physicians in a suburban community. The remaining strains were obtained from healthy military recruits. In the clinical material nearly three out of four strains were beta-lactamase/penicillinase producing as compared to approximately 50% in the recruit material. Six strains were beta-lactamase positive and fully sensitive to penicillin, judged by the disc diffusion technique. Aspects of these findings are discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Phagocytosis of 32P-labelled Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). Effect of different sera and PMN with reference to the ABO blood group system.

A study on the interaction of different sera and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) with reference to the ABO blood group system on the phagocytosis of a radiolabelled strain of E. coli is reported. Using untreated sera, O cells were found to be the least sensitive and AB cells the most sensitive to reduction in phagocytic activity. No reduced phagocytic capability relative to the different sera used was observed when heat-inactivated sera were applied. Aspects of these results are discussed.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1977

The effect of eight antibacterial agents on the phagocytosis of 32P-labelled Escherichia coli by rat polymorphonuclear cells.

Using 32P-labelled Escherichia coli, the effect of 8 antibacterial agents on the ability of rat polymorphonuclear cells to ingest the labelled bacteria was studied with and without serum present during the ingestion phase. No impairment of ingestion was observed when testing gentamicin, cephalothin and trimethoprim. High doses of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, colistin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol seemed to impair ingestion. The effect was most pronounced when applying 100 mug/ml of doxycycline: the ingestive capability was reduced to 25% without serum and 24% with serum present compared to untreated controls. 83 mug/ml of colistin reduced theingestion to 39% without serum present, this effect being totally eliminated when serum was present during the ingestion phase.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perinatal transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis. The use of serological tests in detecting infected women.

A study is presented on the use of serological tests for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in 273 pregnant women. 166 were cultured for C. trachomatis and nine (5.4%) were positive. Three culture-positive babies, all born to culture-positive women, had conjunctivitis. Elevated IgG and IgA antibody levels were seen in six (67%) and three (33%) of the infected women, respectively. Three (2.4%) of IgG antibody-negative mothers (n = 126) were positive by culture. Compared to serology culture of the microorganism appears as the most reliable way of detecting infected women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A longitudinal study of calprotectin as an inflammatory marker in patients with reactive arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the value of calprotectin, a major granulocyte protein with bactericide properties, as an inflammatory marker in patients with reactive arthritis. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with Chlamydia-induced and 27 patients with enterobacteria-induced reactive arthritis were analysed. At the first visit and after 3, 12, 24, 52 and 104 weeks, calprotectin concentrations were measured in plasma and when possible, in synovial fluid. C-reactive protein (CRP) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were analysed and clinical assessments of disease activity were performed. RESULTS: Of the inflammatory markers, the plasma calprotectin concentrations were the first to normalize during recovery. Calprotectin concentrations in the plasma were highly correlated with CRP and ESR, and calprotectin was found to have high correlation coefficients with the clinical assessments of disease activity. High calprotectin concentrations were found in the synovial fluid. CONCLUSION: The high correlations between calprotectin in plasma and clinical and laboratory markers of inflammation, as well as the rapid normalization following clinical improvement, demonstrate that calprotectin may be used as an inflammatory marker in patients with reactive arthritis.

Adolescent↗