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Biomedical subjects

K Melby

Publications and source records attributed to K Melby.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effects of methotrexate, ampicillin and gentamicin alone and in combination on the in vitro locomotion on human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN).

The effect of ampicillin 25 mg/ml, gentamicin 5 mg/l and methotrexate 10 & 70 mg/l, alone and in combination, was tested for their influence on human polymorphonuclear cell-locomotion, using zymosan or a bacterial filtrate of E. coli, with or without 0.25 and 0.025 mg/l of ampicillin and gentamicin, respectively, as attractants. Methotrexate and gentamicin alone decreased the locomotion, using zymosan as attractant. No effect was observed using the pure bacterial filtrate. The filtrate containing antibiotics displayed a lower ability to induce locomotion when the leucocytes had been pre-treated with antibiotics alone or in combination with methotrexate but not with methotrexate alone. Aspects of these findings are discussed.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1984

Restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of chromosomal DNA of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Twenty gonococcal isolates representing different serovars of the protein IA & IB serogroups, as determined by co-agglutination with monoclonal antibodies, were investigated by the restriction enzyme (RE) technique with Hind III enzyme. The patterns resulting from RE digestion and subsequent electrophoresis of the DNA fragments in gel consisted of 40-45 bands. Eight RE patterns were observed among ten of the protein IA strains representing three serovars with an identical pattern for three strains of the same serovar with positive epidemiology. Seven RE patterns were observed among ten of the protein IB strains representing five serovars with identical patterns for each of three pairs with available positive epidemiology for two of them. Seven samples from the same bacterial clone extracted and digested separately showed identical band patterns. The genetic stability was illustrated by identical patterns through 41 passages in vitro and by the same band pattern of the various virulent and avirulent colony morphology variants of a particular gonococcal strain. The results show that RE analysis of the gonococcal DNA genome is well suited as an adjunct to phenotypic markers in epidemiological studies of gonorrhoea.

Chromosomes, Bacterial↗
PubMed1983

HLA-B27-negative arthritis related to Campylobacter jejuni enteritis in three children and two adults.

Five out of 37 patients with proven Campylobacter jejuni enteritis developed arthritis. Two adult patients presented with classical Reiter's syndrome. One of the three children had reactive arthritis, and clinical suspicion of septic arthritis could not be confirmed in two. The acute synovitis subsided usually without treatment in all patients within 3-7 days, while arthralgia persisted longer in 4 patients. HLA-B27 was not present in the 5 patients with arthritis, but was found in 4 others. In Northern Norway, Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni is more frequently isolated from stool specimens than Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia enterocolitica. Synovial fluid should be cultured following Campylobacter jejuni enteritis in arthritis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and capsular types of Haemophilus influenzae recovered from clinical specimens in northern Norway.

One hundred and nine strains of Haemophilus influenzae recovered from clinical specimens were examined for antibiotic sensitivity pattern and capsular types. All strains from blood cultures, cerebrospinal fluid and a joint aspirate were type b whereas most of the isolates were acapsular when recovered from other specimens viz. wound secretions (67%), maxillary sinus (75%), lower resp tract (86%), nasal cavity (90%). Out of the 109 strains 88 (81%) were non-typable, and 3.6% were beta-lactamase-producing, two of which were type e, one was type b and one was acapsular. Three beta-lactamase-producing strains were isolated from specimens from the respiratory tract and one from blood cultures. Beta-lactamase-producing strains including one chloramphenicol-resistant strain harboured similar plasmids, as judged by agarose gel electrophoresis. The strains showed quite a uniform sensitivity to antibacterial agents with the exception of sulphonamides to which the capsular strains, particularly type b strains, were less susceptible.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1982

Septicaemia due to Yersinia enterocolitica after oral overdoses of iron.

Septicaemia occurred after accidental oral overdoses of iron in two previously healthy children. Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3 was recovered from blood and stool cultures in both patients. Enhanced growth of Y enterocolitica in the intestine combined with damage of intestinal mucosa may have been of major importance for the development of generalised infection in these cases. Iron and the iron chelating agent desferrioxamine may possibly have a pathogenetic role in such circumstances.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Effect of human leukocyte interferon on phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The effect of homologous leukocyte interferon HuIFN on the phagocytic activity of human polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes was examined. The PMN cells were obtained from healthy donors and they were grown on coverslips. Escherichia coli labelled with 32P-orthophosphate was phagocytized in the presence of fresh homologous serum during a 15 min incubation period. PMN cells pretreated with interferon for at least 3 hours ingested more bacteria as compared to untreated controls. This effect was dose dependent, in maximal effect being obtained with 10(3) units per ml. The effect was species specific and it was neutralized by antiinterferon globulin.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1982

Staphylococcal infections among newborn babies in two towns in north Norway.

1137 newborn infants in the towns of Harstad and Tromsø were examined for Staphylococcus aureus. The children were followed for two months after birth, and 10% showed signs of infection. The first symptom occurred on the average on the ninth day of life, while the average stay in the maternity ward was six days. 85% of those being regarded on clinical grounds as infected with S aureus showed growth of this bacterium on cultivation of the specimens taken. Over 80% of the strains were resistant to penicillin G/V and approximately 11% resistant to fucidic acid. Resistance to other antibiotics was not found to present any problem. A survey of staphylococcal infections among the newborn should include both the stay in the maternity ward and the first week at home.

Female↗
PubMed1981

A study of the elimination phase of phagocytosis of 32P-labelled Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear cells.

A study of the elimination phase of phagocytosis of a radio-labelled strain of Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear cells is presented. In the presence of normal serum during the ingestion and post-ingestion phases, the elimination was 55%. Omission of normal serum during the post-ingestive phase resulted in an elimination of 35%. Without serum in both phases the elimination was approximately 50%. Microscopically the bacterial cell envelope appeared unchanged during the post-ingestive period (3h).

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1981

Effects of antibacterial agents on the elimination of 32P-labelled Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN).

Eight antibacterial agents, cephalothin, colistin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim were studied in a phagocytic system using human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and a radio-labelled strain of Escherichia coli as test microbe. 100 micrograms/ml of either doxycycline or trimethoprim appeared to reduce the elimination of labelled products from the PMN. The effect of doxycycline was independent of heat-labile serum factors.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of the in vitro activity of cefoxitin and cephalothin against 7,312 clinical isolates.

The antibacterial activity of cefoxitin and cephalothin was tested against 7,312 clinical isolates of aerobic pathogens. Cefoxitin was found to have a broad spectrum of activity. Among the gram-positive cocci, 99.1% of Staphylococcus aureus, 94.4% of Staphylococcus epidermidis and 98.1% of streptococci group B had a minimal inhibitory concentration of 16 microgram/ml or less, while only 4.6% of enterococci were sensitive to this concentration of cefoxitin. Among the gram-negative rods 94.4% of Escherichia coli, 89.3% of Klebsiella spp., 97.3% of Proteus mirabilis, 97.4% of Proteus vulgaris and 79.3% of Proteus morganii were sensitive to 16 microgram/ml of cefoxitin or less. The effect of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was negligible. Cefoxitin was less active than cephalothin against gram-positive cocci, the difference being most pronounced against enterococci. Cephalothin was also found to be more active than cefoxitin against P. mirabilis, while cefoxitin was superior to cephalothin against E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., P. vulgaris and P. morganii.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

Effects of doxycycline on the phagocytosis of 32 P-labelled Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear cells.

A study on the effect of various concentrations (2-100 microgram/ml) of doxycycline on the phagocytic activity of human polymorphonuclear cells was undertaken using a radio-labelled strain of Escherichia coli as test particle. In the presence of 10% normal human serum pretreatment with 50-100 microgram/ml resulted in a 50% increase in cell-associated radioactivity. When omitting serum during the ingestion phase, or conducting the ingestion phase at 4 degree C, the ingestive capability was reduced. 2 microgram/ml present during the ingestion together with 10% normal human serum reduced the ingestive capability significantly, whereas the presence of 10 microgram/ml exerted no significant effect. By the use of 3H-labelled doxycycline the drug was shown to be firmly fixed to the leukocyte monolayer.

Doxycycline↗
PubMed1981

Studies on the phagocytic activity of human and rat polymorphonuclear cells exposed to doxycycline in vivo.

Studies are presented on the in vitro phagocytic activity of rat and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes exposed in vivo to therapeutic concentrations of doxycycline. A 32P-labelled strain of Escherichia coli served as test microbe. No significant reduction of ingestion was observed although untreated AB leukocytes tested together with serum containing doxycycline showed a nonsignificant reduction in ingestive capability (p = 0.1). A similar pattern was observed when rat polymorphonuclear cells were tested omitting serum during the ingestion phase. In the presence of serum no effects were observed. During the elimination phase (3 h) both rat and human PMN eliminated breakdown products more extensively than controls, the effect observed on human PMN being most pronounced by the use of serum containing doxycycline.

Animals↗