[Case of acute rhabdomyolysis caused by maintaining the same limb position for an extended period].
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Acute Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
K Masuda
Publications and source records attributed to K Masuda.
Cloning and functional characterization of a novel ATP-sensitive potassium channel ubiquitously expressed in rat tissues, including pancreatic islets, pituitary, skeletal muscle, and heart.
ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels play a crucial role in coupling metabolic energy to the membrane potential of cells. We have isolated a cDNA encoding a novel member (uKATP-1) of the inward rectifier K+ channel family from a rat pancreatic islet cDNA library. Rat uKATP-1 is a 424-amino acid residue protein (M(r) = 47,960). Electrophysiological studies of uKATP-1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes show that uKATP-1 is a weak rectifier and is blocked with Ba2+ ions. Single-channel patch clamp study of clonal human kidney epithelial cells (HEK293) transfected with uKATP-1 cDNA reveals that uKATP-1 closes in response to 1 mM ATP and has a single channel conductance of 70 +/- 2 picosiemens (n = 6), indicating that uKATP-1 is an ATP-sensitive inward rectifier K+ channel. In addition, uKATP-1 is activated by the KATP channel opener, diazoxide. RNA blot analysis shows that uKATP-1 mRNA is expressed ubiquitously in rat tissues, including pancreatic islets, pituitary, skeletal muscle, and heart, suggesting that uKATP-1 may play a physiological role as a link between the metabolic state and membrane K+ permeability of cells in almost every normal tissue. Since uKATP-1 shares only 43-46% amino acid identity with members of previously reported inward rectifier K+ channel subfamilies, including ROMK1, IRK1, GIRK1, and cKATP-1, uKATP-1 is not an isoform of these subfamilies and, therefore, represents a new subfamily of the inward rectifier K+ channel family having two transmembrane segments.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
Comparative thermodynamic analyses of the Fv, Fab* and Fab fragments of anti-dansyl mouse monoclonal antibody.
In order to investigate the role of the constant domains on the antigen-binding property of the variable domains, we have carried out a comparative thermodynamic study of the anti-dansyl Fv, Fab* and Fab fragments that possess the identical amino acid sequence of the variable domains. The thermodynamic analyses have shown that binding constants, enthalpy changes and entropy changes are similar for the three antigen-binding fragments, whereas the thermal stability of Fab is much higher than that of Fv and Fab*. We have concluded that (i) the variable domains of the three antigen-binding fragments possess identical intrinsic capability for antigen binding and (ii) the two constant domains serve to improve the stability of the variable domains.
Animals↗
HLA-DR8 and acute anterior uveitis in ankylosing spondylitis.
OBJECTIVE: To identify possible factors in the development of acute anterior uveitis (AUU) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS: We investigated HLA antigens serologically, and HLA-DRB1*08 alleles by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, in 42 Japanese AS patients with and without AAU. RESULTS: Thirty-six of the AS patients (85.7%) had HLA-B27. Thirteen (65%) of the 20 patients with AAU had HLA-DR8, whereas only 1 (4.5%) of the 22 patients without AAU had DR8. The difference was statistically significant (Pcorr < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that HLA-B27 is strongly associated with AS in Japanese patients and that HLA-DR8 is important for the development of AAU in Japanese patients with AS.
Acute Disease↗
Correlation between tumor volume doubling time and histologic findings in gastric smooth muscle tumors: clinical implications of tumor volume doubling time.
To assess the clinical implications of the tumor volume doubling time of gastric smooth muscle tumors based on a comparison with the histologic findings, seven tumors (four leiomyomas and three leiomyosarcomas) were followed up by consecutive upper gastrointestinal studies between March 1985 and December 1993. The patients were four men and three women with an average age of 58 years (range: 50-71 years). The observation period ranged from 6 to 51 months, with an average of 35 months. All tumors were surgically resected and the histologic diagnosis was confirmed. The following microscopic features were evaluated: 1) mitotic rate, 2) nuclear atypia, and 3) cellularity. Each tumor was also evaluated for the presence or absence of necrosis, hemorrhage, and degeneration. The doubling time ranged from 5 to 27 months with a mean of 16 months. There was a strong negative correlation between the mitotic rate and the doubling time (r = -0.935, P = 0.0019). The doubling time was also significantly related to nuclear atypia, but the number of tumors studied was so small that its reliability was questionable. The doubling time was not related to any other histologic findings. This study shows that the doubling time is useful for estimating the malignant potential of gastric smooth muscle tumors, and that tumors with a doubling time of 16 months or less should be considered as malignant.
Aged↗
Double cerebral venous angiomas: MRI.
Using a 1.5 Tesla MR imager, we examined 58 patients with venous angiomas (VA); images were also obtained following contrast medium in 33. Of the 58 patients 29 underwent selective cerebral angiography. We found in all 63 VA, including two with arterial components; 5 of the 58 patients thus each had two VA. The VA were supratentorial and bilateral in 4 cases; the remaining patient had supra- and infratentorial VA. Of these 5 patients, 4 received intravenous contrast medium and in 2 of them, the second VA was so small that it was detectable only on the contrast-enhanced images. The incidence of double VA in patients receiving contrast medium was 12% (4/33).
Adolescent↗
Varix occurring with cerebral venous angioma: a case report and review of the literature.
We report a patient in whom a varix occurred with a venous angioma, a rare combination of cerebral vascular malformations. During our review of the 7 previously reported cases, we discovered that all 8 venous angiomas were relatively large and supratentorial, and that the varices involved the veins draining then.
Adult↗
Intracranial epidermoid carcinoma: CT and MRI.
We report a patient with an epidermoid carcinoma an extremely rare brain tumour, in the right cerebellopontine angle cistern. Contrast enhancement is the most important feature for differential diagnosis of epidermoid carcinomas from atypical benign epidermoid cysts.
Brain↗
Natural history of minute sessile colonic adenomas based on radiographic findings. Is endoscopic removal of every colonic adenoma necessary?
PURPOSE: With the development of colonoscopy and double-contrast barium enema, detection of minute sessile colonic adenomas has increased. We evaluated progression of these lesions radiologically and attempted to clarify the natural history. METHODS: A total of 125 minute sessile adenomas (< or = 5 mm in size) with histologic confirmation were examined by double-contrast barium enema at an interval of more than one year. The average follow-up period was 24 (range, 12-36; standard deviation, 9.4) months. To allow for differences in magnification, adenomas increasing in size by 2 mm or more were defined as growing, and the other lesions were defined as unchanged. RESULTS: Eighty-six adenomas showed no interval change in size. Four adenomas decreased 1 mm in size, and 27 adenomas increased 1 mm in size. The remaining eight adenomas (6 percent) increased by 2 or 3 mm in size. None of the adenomas showed any morphologic changes. There was also no difference in degree of histologic atypia between growing and unchanged adenomas. None of the adenomas developed into carcinomas during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that most minute sessile adenomas remain unchanged in size and morphology over the long term. Accordingly, these adenomas probably should be followed up radiologically or endoscopically to avoid excessive polypectomy.
Adenoma↗
Effects of Troglitazone (CS-045) on insulin secretion in isolated rat pancreatic islets and HIT cells: an insulinotropic mechanism distinct from glibenclamide.
In order to elucidate the direct effects of (+/-)-5-[4-(6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-yl-methoxy) benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione (Troglitazone), a newly-developed oral hypoglycaemic agent, on pancreatic beta-cell function, in vitro investigation of isolated rat pancreatic islets and a hamster beta-cell line (HIT cell) were performed. Troglitazone stimulates both glucose, and glibenclamide-induced insulin release at a concentration of 10(-6) mol/l in these cells but, conversely, inhibits insulin secretion at 10(-4) mol/l. Glucose uptake in HIT cells is similarly enhanced by 10(-6) mol/l Troglitazone, but is reduced in the presence of 10(-4) mol/l Troglitazone. However, a quantitative immunoblot analysis with a specific antibody for GLUT 2 glucose transporter revealed no significant change in GLUT 2 protein in HIT cells with 10(-6) mol/l Troglitazone. Specific binding of [3H]-glibenclamide to beta-cell membranes is replaced by Troglitazone in a non-competitive manner, but 10(-6) mol/l Troglitazone failed to eliminate ATP-sensitive K++ channel activity. These results suggest that Troglitazone has a putative non-competitive binding site at, or in the vicinity of, the sulphonylurea receptor in rat pancreatic islets and HIT cells and that the dual effect of Troglitazone on insulin secretory capacity is mediated through the modulation of glucose transport activity, possibly due to the modification of intrinsic activity in glucose transporter in pancreatic beta cells by this novel agent.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
Phase II study of a new combined primary chemotherapy regimen, intravenous methotrexate and vincristine and intraarterial adriamycin and cisplatin, for locally advanced urinary bladder cancer: preliminary results.
A phase II study of a new combination therapy was performed using intraarterial (i.a.) cisplatin and Adriamycin in combination with i.v. methotrexate and vincristine for 27 patients with invasive urinary bladder carcinoma of stages T2-3NOMO, and the therapeutic effects were assessed. Methotrexate (20 mg/m2) was given i.v. on days 1,15, and 22, and vincristine (0.7 mg/m2) was injected i.v. on day 2 before i.a. infusion therapy and on days 15 and 22. The i.a. chemotherapy was performed after both superior gluteal arteries had been embolized using 3- or 5-mm stainless-steel coils. A mixture of cisplatin (50-70 mg/m2) and Adriamycin (20 mg/m2) was infused i.a. via both internal iliac arteries over a period of 20-30 min. Angiotensin II (mean dose, 21 micrograms) was simultaneously infused i.a. in 15 of 27 patients. In 24 of the 27 patients, at least 2 cycles of full-dose chemotherapy were completed. The dose was decreased in the remaining 3 patients because of their poor health status and advanced age. Among the 27 patients, 9 and 14 had complete (CR) and partial responses (PR), respectively; 3 manifested no change (NC), and 1 had progressive disease (PD). The objective response rate (CR+PR) was 85.2%. Among the 27 patients staged T2-3 NOMO, 6 (CR, 1; PR, 5) underwent total cystectomies and 18 (CR, 8; PR, 8; NC, 2) had transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) or partial resections following chemotherapy. The remaining 3 diminished-dose patients had no surgery. Of the 27 patients, 22 were alive after a median follow-up period of 21+ (range, 7-48+) months. No significant side effect was observed except for lower extremity paresthesias in 5 patients (18.5%). These results point to the effectiveness of this therapy and to the possibility of urinary bladder preservation in patients with invasive, advanced urinary bladder cancers.
Adult↗
Radiosynthesis, rodent biodistribution, and metabolism of 1-deoxy-1-[18F]fluoro-D-fructose.
Fluorine-18 labeled analog of D-fructose, 1-deoxy-1-[18F]fluoro-D- fructose (1-[18F]FDFrc), was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of [18F]fluoride ion and the effect of the fluorine substitution on its in vivo metabolism was investigated. The tissue distributions of 1-[18F]FDFrc in rats and tumor bearing mice showed initial high uptake and subsequent rapid washout of the radioactivity in the principal sites of D-fructose metabolism (kidneys, liver and small intestine). The uptakes in the brain and tumor (fibrosarcoma) were the lowest and moderate, respectively, but tended to increase with time. The in vivo metabolic studies of 1-[18F]FDFrc and nonradioactive 1-FDFrc in mouse brain and tumor showed that the fluorinated analog remained unmetabolized in these tissues, indicating that the substitution of fluorine at the C-1 position produces a nonmetabolizable analog of D-fructose. Thus, 1-[18F]FDFrc had no features of a metabolic trapping tracer without showing any appreciable organ or tumor specific localization.
Animals↗
A 17-year follow-up of replantation of a completely amputated leg in a child: case report.
With special reference to skeletal growth, a 17-year follow-up study of a lower-leg replantation in a four-year-old boy is reported. The patient maintained good cosmesis and function; however, foot size on the affected side was 1.5 cm smaller than the contralateral side, and leg length was 1.2 cm shorter than on the normal side. A Cybex II study disclosed that the patient had almost half-standard strength of the evertors at 30 deg/sec and of the plantar flexors at 20 and 120 deg/sec on the involved side. According to these findings on late follow-up of a replanted foot in a child, replantation in a growing child apparently has adverse influences on skeletal growth and muscle strength around the ankle joint, even when the original procedure has been carried out under almost ideal conditions.
Adult↗
Nigrofrontal dopaminergic function as assessed by 18F-dopa PET.
The existence of the nigrofrontal dopaminergic pathway has been demonstrated in neuroanatomical studies. We evaluated the presynaptic nigrofrontal dopaminergic function using 18F-dopa (FD) positron emission tomography (PET). The multiple time PET data in the frontal cortex from 20 to 70 min post-injection for FD were evaluated by Patlak analysis using the cerebellar time-activity curve as an input function. The frontal FD uptake rate constants could not be determined in 5 of 12 normal volunteers because of large deviations in the plots. There were no significant differences between the subjects among whom the frontal FD uptake rate constants could or could not be determined regarding the amount of FD injected, the frontal 18F counts, or whether or not they were pretreated with carbidopa. The uptake constants were determined in 9 or 12 patients with parkinsonian syndrome. While the mean (+/- S.D.) uptake constants in patients with Parkinson's disease (2.89 +/- 0.06 x 10(-3), n = 4) and in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (2.81 +/- 0.10 x 10(-3), n = 3) were not significantly different from those in the normal volunteers (2.93 +/- 0.14 x 10(-3)), those in two patients with corticobasal degeneration (2.42 and 2.46, respectively) decreased in comparison to the control values. Differences in the nigrofrontal presynaptic dopaminergic function as assessed by FD-PET may explain the different pathogenesis and also help to differentiate between corticobasal degeneration and other parkinsonian syndromes, such as Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.
Adult↗
Microlunatus phosphovorus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new gram-positive polyphosphate-accumulating bacterium isolated from activated sludge.
Polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria that were previously isolated from activated sludge and exhibited high phosphate removal activity were studied taxonomically and phylogenetically. These organisms were gram-positive, coccus-shaped, aerobic chemoorganotrophs that had a strictly respiratory type of metabolism in which oxygen was a terminal electron acceptor. They accumulated large amounts of polyphosphate under aerobic conditions. The major quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H4). The cell wall peptidoglycan contained LL-diaminopimelic acid. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was 67.9 mol%. Our isolates were similar phenotypically and chemotaxonomically to Luteococcus japonicus, which was proposed recently as a new genus and species. However, our isolates differed from L. japonicus in cellular fatty acid composition and some other traits. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences showed that our isolate differ from the genus Luteococcus and other genera belonging to the high-G+C-content gram-positive group. Accordingly, we concluded that our strain NM-1T (T = type strain) should be assigned to a new genus and species, for which we propose the name Microlunatus phosphovorus.
Base Sequence↗
Epidemiological investigation of insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X) in a city in Japan.
1. In order to study the prevalence of insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X) in Japanese subjects, inhabitants aged above 40 years living in Osaka-Sayama city from September 1992 through December 1993 were investigated. The population-based study was performed on 2498 subjects (661 males and 1837 females) constituting 10.9% of the total population aged above 40 years. 2. The prevalence of glucose intolerance was 8.7% (n = 218) in 2498 subjects. The prevalence of hypertension was 36.9% (n = 923) and that of hypertriglyceridaemia was 19.0% (n = 475). The prevalence of syndrome X as characterized by an association of glucose intolerance, hypertension and hypertriglyceridaemia was 1.6% (n = 39) in all subjects examined and 17.4% in subjects showing glucose intolerance. 3. Fasting serum insulin levels were significantly higher in patients with syndrome X than in normal subjects. Furthermore, the levels were significantly correlated with blood levels of frucutosamine, fasting glucose and triglyceride, and with body mass index as well. 4. In conclusion, insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X) is also found among the larger Japanese population, and fasting serum insulin levels can be a useful marker of this metabolic disorder.
Adult↗
Immunohistochemical localization of C-reactive protein-binding sites in human atherosclerotic aortic lesions by a modified streptavidin-biotin-staining method.
One-step fluorescein-conjugated polyclonal antibody technique has shown that C-reactive protein (CRP) was located only extracellularly in human atherosclerotic lesions. In this report a more sensitive streptavidin-biotin technique was applied to detect the localization of CRP in human atherosclerotic lesions. Immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal and monoclonal anti-human CRP antibodies both produced a brown color extracellularly in the necrotic lesions, and intracellularly in CD68+ foam cells. The latter suggests an uptake of CRP-lipid complexes by macrophages. The staining is human CRP-specific because it was eliminated by preabsorption of the monoclonal antibody with pure human CRP, or by substitution of the primary antibody with non-immune rabbit serum. By overlaid CRP-binding study, a positive stain was observed on intimal smooth muscle cells and foam cells, suggesting that they have CRP-binding sites unless the CRP-binding activity was generated de novo through the fixation procedure. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that CRP may facilitate the uptake of lipids by macrophages accumulating in atherosclerotic lesions. Further, CRP might participate in cytolysis, which enlarges the necrotic area, and/or in phagocytosis that scavenges the necrotic tissue.
Actins↗
Pharmacological activity of the C-terminal and N-terminal domains of secretory leukoprotease inhibitor in vitro.
1. In order to characterize the physiological functions of the domain structure of secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI), the biological capacities of half-length SLPIs, (Ser1-Pro54)SLPI and (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI, were investigated and compared with those of full-length SLPI. 2. The activities of these inhibitors against several serine proteases were determined using synthetic chromogenic substrates. The inhibitory capacity of the C-terminal domain, (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI, was as strong as that of full-length SLPI against human neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G and chymotrypsin. It possessed less trypsin inhibitory activity than intact SLPI. For the N-terminal domain of SLPI, (Ser1-Pro54)SLPI, no inhibitory activity could be detected against the serine proteases tested in this study. 3. The inhibitory activity of (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI against the proteolysis of the natural substrates elastin and collagen by NE was comparable with that of full-SLPI (elastin, IC50 = 907 +/- 31 nM for SLPI, 767 +/- 33 nM for (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI; collagen, IC50 = 862 +/- 36 nM for SLPI, 727 +/- 47 nM for (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI). 4. The binding affinities of full- and half-length SLPIs for heparin were measured by affinity column chromatography. Full-length SLPI showed high affinity for heparin while the binding capacities of both half-length SLPIs were lower. (Concentration of NaCl for elution, 0.45 M for SLPI, 0.24 M for (Ser1-Pro54)SLPI, 0.27 M for (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI). 5. The effects of full-SLPI and (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI on blood coagulation were measured using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Full-length SLPI prolonged clotting time dose dependently(1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 microM), whereas (Asn55-AlalO7)SLPI had no effect even at the highest concentration.6. In conclusion, the C-terminal domain of SLPI is a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in which participation of neutrophil proteases has been suggested.
Animals↗