Recent progress on standards and bioeffects in Japan.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
K Maeda
Publications and source records attributed to K Maeda.
Epignathus: a report of two neonatal cases.
Epignathus is a rare congenital teratoid tumor protruding through the mouth. It causes respiratory distress in newborn infants. Two cases are reported herein.
Female↗
A case report of Chediak-Higashi syndrome complicated with systemic amyloidosis and olivo-cerebellar degeneration.
The histopathological observations in the case of a 24 year old woman with Chediak-Higashi syndrome are described. There were characteristic features of cytoplasmic giant granules in various cells and lymphohistiocytic infiltration in various tissues. Amyloid deposits, which have not been reported previously in human Chediak-Higashi syndrome, were systemically noted and were immunohistochemically revealed to be AA type protein. Another rare complication, olivo-cerebellar degeneration, was observed in the central nervous system not associated with lymphohistiocytic infiltration. These complications may develop in long surviving patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
Adult↗
Myelodysplasia with bone marrow lymphocytosis and fibrosis mimicking recurrent Hodgkin's disease.
Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemias after treatment for Hodgkin's disease (HD) are well recognized. Preleukemic changes are commonly seen. Three patients from the authors' files are found with myelofibrosis and bone marrow lymphocytosis after treatment for HD. Although somewhat unusual, the clinical impression initially was, in each case, isolated recurrence of HD involving the bone marrow, 6 to 11 years after initial diagnosis. In each case, after single or multiple marrow aspirates and biopsies were done, the differential between HD involving the marrow and myelodysplasia with myelofibrosis and lymphocytic infiltrates was made. The absence of diagnostic Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells was useful in diagnosing the latter. All three patients died of causes related to cytopenias, with two having progressed to overt acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Myelofibrosis with lymphocytic infiltrates in the marrow, without diagnostic RS cells, in patients' status after treatment for HD, should alert one to the possibility of myelodysplasia.
Adult↗
Immunohistochemical study of lung adenocarcinoma using monoclonal antibody for 60-kilodalton antigen in type II pneumocytes and nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells. Comparison with two antisurfactant apoprotein antibodies.
Monoclonal antibody KP16D3 was produced by immunizing mice with monkey bronchoalveolar lavage. KP16D3 revealed the immunohistochemical reactivity in the cytoplasm of some nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells and type II pneumocytes and thereby recognized specifically a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 60 kD with the use of Western blotting and immunoaffinity column chromatography followed by SDS-PAGE. Examination of 76 primary and 4 metastatic lung carcinomas in primary lung carcinoma KP16D3 showed immunohistochemical positivity only to mucin-nonproducing papillary adenocarcinoma (27/28) and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (2/2), except for one case of large cell carcinoma. All other primary lung carcinomas such as squamous cell carcinoma, acinar adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma had negative results. From these findings, KP16D3 seems to be an effective immunohistochemical marker of mucin-nonproducing papillary adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung and it appears to be useful to investigate both the histogenesis and functional expression of primary lung adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
Fine structural and immunohistochemical properties of dysplastic melanocytic nevi: comparison with malignant melanoma.
This study will review the clinical features of dysplastic melanocytic nevi (DMN) in Japanese cases, and then show the fine structure of melanosomes/melanogenesis in the dysplastic melanocytes and the immunohistochemical property of DMN as identified by monoclonal antibodies against human melanosome specific antigen (HMSA). The incidence of DMN is quite low in the Japanese. It is indicated that this fact may partly explain the low incidence of malignant melanoma in Japanese; in particular, low incidence in sun-exposed areas. The patients with DMN were largely males. They were different from ordinary Japanese in that they usually burn and tan poorly after sun exposure. In addition, the synthesis of melanosomes in the dysplastic melanocytes was found to be abnormal and characterized by a significant alteration in the fine structure of the melanosomal matrix and the pattern of melanization. These abnormal melanosomes reacted positively with MoAb HMSA-1 and HMSA-2, which identify the structural matrix protein of melanosomes unique to neoplastic melanocytes. Importantly, HMSA was present in both dysplastic melanocytes and melanoma cells, but not in epidermal melanocytes (nevus cells) of common melanocytic nevi.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
A case of dengue hemorrhagic fever in a Japanese child.
A 6-year-old Japanese girl contracted a febrile illness with hemorrhagic manifestations when she traveled in Indonesia. A remarkable decrease in the numbers of platelets and white blood cells was observed in her acute-phase blood specimens. Her father, who accompanied her, showed dengue fever-like symptoms at almost the same time as her illness. It was determined by serological tests that they were infected with dengue virus type 1. Moreover, she showed a secondary antibody response to the flavivirus due to the pre-existing antibody to Japanese encephalitis virus. This is the first confirmed case of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Japanese people.
Child↗
Lymphokine-activated killer induction and its regulation by macrophages in malignant pleural effusions.
Mononuclear cells (MNC) from pleural effusions and peripheral blood of 18 patients with primary lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion were studied. Pleural and blood MNC generated lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity similarly when cultured for 4 days with an optimal concentration of interleukin 2 (IL-2). Highly purified lymphocytes (greater than 98%) and monocyte-macrophages (greater than 90%) were isolated by discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation from pleural and blood MNC. Pleural macrophages, as well as blood monocytes, showed significant augmenting effects on in vitro LAK cell induction from pleural and blood lymphocytes by IL-2. During daily intrapleural administration of IL-2, significant induction of LAK activity in vivo was observed after 3 days, but then this LAK activity in pleural MNC decreased almost to zero by day 15. Daily injections of IL-2 resulted in reduction in the up-regulation of LAK induction by pleural macrophages and also in increases in the levels of soluble IL-2 receptors in pleural effusions. These findings indicate that in vivo LAK induction of lymphocytes in malignant effusions by IL-2 may be regulated by macrophages in the effusions.
Aged↗
Characterization of skin infiltrating cells in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL): clinical, histological and immunohistochemical studies on eight cases.
Eight cases of adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) with cutaneous involvement were studied. The clinical and histological features of these cases were recorded and immunohistochemistry carried out using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to T-cell differentiation antigens. Patients with ATLL showed distinct differences from patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS). Patients tended to have papulonodular and purpuric skin eruptions with pleomorphic lymphoid infiltrates, and often a degree of vasculitis. There was a high level of expression of activated T-cell antigens, CD25, CD30, CD38, T9 and Leu 8.
Adult↗
Comparison of various treatment modes in terms of beta 2-microglobulin removal: hemodialysis, hemofiltration, and push/pull HDF.
The beta 2-microglobulin clearance increased as the convective transport was added during hemodialysis to perform hemodiafiltration (HDF), suggesting that a convective transport type artificial kidney is more effective for beta 2-microglobulin removal. Actually, the decrease in the plasma beta 2-microglobulin level per treatment was more pronounced in hemofiltration and push/pull HDF than in hemodialysis. In the present study, no significant fluctuation in the pretreatment level of beta 2-microglobulin was shown by serial treatment by hemodialysis, whereas an obvious decreasing trend of it was indicated in serial treatment of either push/pull HDF or hemofiltration. Moreover, our study indicated that the ratio of posttreatment beta 2-microglobulin level in relation to its pretreatment level increases as the treatment by hemofiltration or push/pull HDF is repeated.
Amyloid↗
Effects of L-carnitine administration on short-chain fatty acid (acetic acid) and long-chain fatty acid metabolism during hemodialysis.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of L-carnitine on the exogenous acetate metabolism during hemodialysis together with the triglyceride and free fatty acid metabolism. Sixteen chronic renal failure patients on acetate dialysis were orally administered 1,200 mg of L-carnitine chloride per day for 12 weeks. Plasma triglyceride concentrations at 30 and 60 min following initiation of hemodialysis were significantly lower than before hemodialysis, while the plasma concentrations of free fatty acid at the same points into hemodialysis were significantly higher than before hemodialysis, whether L-carnitine chloride was being given or not. This is attributed to the enhanced degradation of triglyceride and the increased generation of the free fatty acid with heparin administration during hemodialysis. The L-carnitine chloride treatment did not affect the plasma triglyceride concentrations at 30 and 60 min into hemodialysis, whereas the free fatty acid concentrations at the same points into hemodialysis were significantly lower after L-carnitine chloride administration commenced than before it. This is attributed to the fact that fatty acid oxidation was enhanced following the L-carnitine chloride treatment. Compared to before the drug administration, the whole body clearance of exogenous acetate was significantly increased after the drug was given, and the plasma acetate level during hemodialysis fell accordingly. This is attributed to the fact that with L-carnitine chloride administration, the amount of accumulated acyl-CoA in the cytosol decreased and consequently the citrate cycle function increased.
Acetates↗
Mechanisms for hyperpigmentation in postinflammatory pigmentation, urticaria pigmentosa and sunburn.
Our in vitro studies demonstrate that normal human epidermal melanocytes become swollen and more dendritic with an increase in amount of immunoreactive tyrosinase when they are cultured for several days with arachidonic acid metabolites, vitamin D3 or histamine. From these data we propose the following possible mechanisms for hyperpigmentations noted at postinflammatory sites and suntanned areas as well as at skin lesions of urticaria pigmentosa. Arachidonic acid metabolites and histamine, which are found in increased amounts in inflammatory skin, are thought to play a key role in the induction of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. In sunburnt skin the increased proinflammatory mediators, particularly arachidonic acid metabolites, are also thought to stimulate melanocytes in the production of hyperpigmentation. Thus tanning after sun exposure may be induced not only by the effect of vitamin D3 and direct UV irradiation on the melanocytes but also by the effect of various arachidonic acid metabolites which are increased in sunburnt skin. Mast cells massively proliferate in the skin lesions of urticaria pigmentosa. Thus hyperpigmentation in the skin lesions of urticaria pigmentosa is quite likely to be induced by the chemical mediators, including histamine and leukotrienes, that are released from these cells.
Arachidonic Acids↗
Effects of mafoprazine, a phenylpiperazine derivative, on the central dopaminergic system.
The effects of mafoprazine, a new phenylpiperazine derivative, on the central dopaminergic system were studied. Mafoprazine, like chlorpromazine and haloperidol, reduced the apomorphine-induced cage-climbing behavior in mice, emesis in dogs and stereotyped behavior in monkeys; methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and group toxicity in mice; and agitation in rats. Mafoprazine inhibited the unilateral circling behavior induced by methamphetamine and apomorphine in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions in the unilateral nigrostriatal neuronal tract. The potency of mafoprazine in these experiments was almost equal to that of chlorpromazine and about one-tenth that of haloperidol. The cataleptogenic activity of mafoprazine was lower than those of chlorpromazine and haloperidol. Mafoprazine potentiated clonidine-induced hypothermia. These results suggest that mafoprazine has a relatively selective postsynaptic dopamine D2-receptor blocking action in the nucleus accumbens compared with chlorpromazine and haloperidol and suggest that mafoprazine also has alpha 2-adrenoceptor-stimulating actions.
Aggression↗
[A study on fatty liver in health examination participants].
We investigated the condition of the liver in a total of 5486 subjects (3889 males and 1597 females) who received adult-disease screening examinations. The following results were obtained. 1. Fatty liver was found in 13.9% of the males and 3.8% of the females with a male/female ratio of about 3.7 to 1. In males, the prevalence of fatty liver was lower in those in their 20's than in any other age ranks, while there was little difference in the age range from the 30's to the 50's. In females, the prevalence sharply increased in those in their 50's. 2. The percentage of fatty liver increased with the obesity index in both males and females. 3. With respect to alcohol drinking, the prevalence of fatty liver was not affected by the presence or absence of alcohol drinking, the daily drinking quantity and total drinking quantity. 4. Of those screened for adult disease, 14.7% of the males and 2.7% of the females had abnormal liver function, with a male/female ratio of about 5.4 to 1. In both males and females, the prevalence of fatty liver was higher in those who had abnormal rather than normal liver function.
Adult↗
Heart rate response to treadmill exercise in children of ages 4-6 years.
In order to investigate some characteristics of physical fitness in children, we measured the heart rate of 1069 kindergarten children (aged 4-6 years) and 20 adults during treadmill running. After analyzing the data we obtained the following results: heart rate before, during, and after the running tended to diminish with the increase in age of the subjects in both men/boys and women/girls. The relationship of the heart rates before running and the maximum heart rates during in 25 m run, standing long jump, and softball throw, showed a significant level of 5-0.1% in both boys/men and girls/women. The heart rates of children before, during and after running were higher than those of adults. The rate of increase in heart rate was higher in adults, while more rapid recovery of heart rate was observed in children, when compared to adults.
Adult↗
Prerequisites in distance running performance of female runners.
We investigated which attribute or what combination of attributes would best account for distance running performance of female runners. The subjects were 30 well-trained female distance runners, aged 19 to 23 years. Anthropometric and body composition characteristics, pulmonary function characteristics, blood properties, and cardiorespiratory function characteristics were measured at rest or during submaximal and maximal exercise. Analyses of the data showed that the relationship of oxygen uptake corresponding to lactate threshold (VO2T, ml.kg-1.min-1) with each distance running performance was substantially higher as compared with the relationship of other independent variables including maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis indicated that running performances in 3,000m, 5,000m, and 10,000m are best accounted for by a combination of VO2/LT (X1), fat-free weight (X2), and/or mean corpuscular volume (X3). A multiple regression equation for predicting the 5,000m (Y, s) running performance was formulated as Y = -14.75X1-3. 03X2-5.79X3 + 2282.1. We suggest that VO2max would not stand alone as a decisive factor of distance running success in female runners, and that the distance running performance could be better accounted for by a combination of several attributes relating to lactate threshold, body composition, and/or hematological status. The linear regression of the predicted running performance on the actually measured running performance can be accepted in the range of 986-1197s.
Adult↗
[Application of calcium phosphate ceramics to periodontal therapy. 8. Effects of orthodontic force on repaired bone with hydroxyapatite].
It has been unclear whether M.T.M. is acceptable for patients treated with bone grafts using hydroxyapatite (HAP), which is not biodegradable. Therefore we studied histological changes in bone among HAP during orthodontic tooth movement. HAP was implanted into artificial bone defects adjacent to second premolars in beagle dogs, and as a control no material was implanted Three months after implantation, the second premolars were moved with orthodontic force. Then they were observed histopathologically. The results obtained were as follows. The amount of movement of the teeth in implanted sites was less than in the controls. In the pressure zone, resorption of bone by osteoclasts was observed in both the implanted and the control sites, in addition, root resorption occurred adjacent to HAP. Furthermore multinucleated giant cells were closely attached to HAP and were surrounded by bone and connective tissue. In retention period there was ankylosis between the roots and bone around HAP. In the tension zone, additional bone from HAP was observed. Bone defects were filled with bone in the implanted sites, but with connective tissue in the controls. These results suggest that bone among HAP was resolved by osteoclasts. Clinically, HAP implantation for the pressure zone should be avoided because of the occurrence of root resorption and ankylosis. But for the tension zone it seems to be effective because HAP implantation produces more repaired bone.
Animals↗
[Hydroxyapatite implant for human periodontal osseous defects].
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an implant material into human periodontal defects. Thirty three patients affected by marginal periodontitis were studied. Following initial therapy, 44 periodontal osseous defects received grafts of HAP granules and blocks during flap surgery. Radiographic and various clinical examinations were performed before surgery and 1 and 2 weeks, and 1, 2, 3, 6 and more than 6 months after surgery. The results were as follows: 1. Postsurgical inflammation of the gingiva disappeared in a short time. Further more open wounds and discharges of HAP disappeared in the first month. There were no clinical problems in the sites receiving HAP implantation. 2. Radiographic demarcation lines between the implanted HAP and the surrounding alveolar bone became unclear at the beginning of bone repair. 3. At six months after surgery, the mean values of gingival recession, decrease in pocket depth and clinical attachment gain were respectively 0.9 mm, 2.7 mm, 1.9 mm. Additional observation beyond 6 months showed an attachment gain of 2.0 mm. 4. The attachment gain was less in the cases of one wall osseous defect and of furcation involvement in lower molars. These results suggest that HAP implantation is clinically effective, however, careful application is needed for the cases of one wall osseous defect or furcation involvement.
Dental Implants↗