Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Maeda

Publications and source records attributed to K Maeda.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The study on bacterial infection in chronic lower respiratory tract infection--from the viewpoints of acute and chronic infection].

Using mainly changes in the amount of sputum as an index of the infectious course of chronic lower respiratory tract infection associated with purulent sputum over years, the disease was divided into stable and acute exacerbated phases and a bacteriological investigation using transtracheal aspiration (TTA) conducted. TTA was performed 107 and 45 episodes during stable phases and acute exacerbated phases respectively. Monomicrobial and polymicrobial infection were detected most frequently during the stable and acute exacerbated phases respectively (p less than 0.01). During the stable phases, the single organisms detected most frequently were H. influenzae (26 episodes) and P. aeruginosa (20 episodes), while in the cases in which multiple organisms were detected during stable phases, combination including H. influenzae were most common (19 episodes). H. influenzae was the most frequently detected organism in cases showing single organisms during acute exacerbated phases (7 episodes). In the cases in which multiple organisms were detected as well, H. influenzae was the most commonly detected organism assumed to predispose to exacerbation (7 episodes), while P. aeruginosa was not found. These results suggest that in chronic lower respiratory tract infection. H. influenzae and P. aeruginosa are important as persistent infective organisms, while H. influenzae are important in acute exacerbation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

An interleukin-1 inhibitor in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease.

The gingival crevicular fluid of a patient(s) with marginal periodontal disease contained an activity inhibitory to interleukin-1 (IL-1). The inhibitory activity could be detected after the depletion of IL-1 alpha by the use of a specific antibody (anti-human recombinant IL-1 alpha monoclonal antibody)-conjugated Sepharose column. The inhibitory activity was not due to a toxic effect on the thymocytes since IL-1 alpha-depleted gingival crevicular fluid did not affect the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in either the presence or absence of concanavalin A. The inhibitory activity was exerted against both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. The inhibitory factor did not have any effect on IL-2-induced proliferation of concanavalin A-activated spleen cells. The inhibitor was heat labile. Gel filtration on a Superose 12 column revealed the IL-1 inhibitor to have two major peaks, one in the molecular size range of 12 to 14 kDa and the other below a molecular size of 10 kDa.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Inhibitory effect of oral sorbent on accumulation of albumin-bound indoxyl sulfate in serum of experimental uremic rats.

Serum indoxyl sulfate, which is markedly accumulated in uremic patients, cannot be removed efficiently by hemodialysis due to its albumin binding. To determine if oral adsorbent (AST-120) can decrease its serum concentration in uremic state, oral adsorbent was administered to experimental nephrectomized uremic rats. Uremic rats fed with oral adsorbent showed a significantly lower serum concentration of indoxyl sulfate compared to control uremic rats, even when serum concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine were not significantly decreased in the uremic rats fed with oral adsorbent. Indoxyl sulfate was detected only at a lower concentration in bile as compared with the serum of uremic rats. These results suggest that oral adsorbent adsorbs indole, a precursor of indoxyl sulfate, in the intestine and prevents the accumulation of indoxyl sulfate in uremic rats.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Deterioration of immune complex solubilization activity of serum by increased concentration of factor D.

We investigated the effect of excess complement factor D on the immune complex solubilization activity (ICSA) of serum. First, we estimated the concentration of factor D, ICSA and the hemolytic activity via the classical complement pathway (CH50) in the sera of 16 healthy individuals and 36 patients on hemodialysis for end-stage renal failure. The serum concentration of factor D in these patients (mean +/- SD: 12.12 +/- 2.38 micrograms/ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that in the healthy subjects (1.02 +/- 0.11 micrograms/ml). In this study, peroxidase and antiperoxidase rabbit IgG were used as immune precipitates for ICSA. The ICSA in patients (45.8 +/- 7.4 normal human serum %, NHS%) was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than that in the healthy subjects (100.2 +/- 12.5 NHS%). There was no difference in CH50 between the sera of the patients (31.8 +/- 2.5) and that of the healthy group (32.4 +/- 2.6). Second, we determined that increasing amounts of purified factor D added to fresh serum resulted in a decrease in ICSA. This occurred in the serum of a healthy individual as well as in that of a patient. CH50 did not change regardless of the concentration of factor D used. There was an increase in C3 conversion in the sera to which purified factor D had been added, as observed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. It is suggested that ICSA had deteriorated due to the excess of factor D, which had activated the alternative pathway of complement.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1991

Objective and quantitative evaluation of fetal movement with ultrasonic Doppler actocardiogram.

Actocardiogram is the simultaneous recording of fetal movement (FM) and fetal heart rate (FHR) with the use of a single transducer by weak ultrasound. Fetal behavioral states, fetal hiccups, nonpathologic sinusoidal FHR pattern induced by cyclic FM were reported in the use of this technique. Computer processing of FM signals enabled automatic recognition of fetal behavior. Fetal hypoxic state preceding fetal distress was diagnosed by the actocardiogram. Cross-correlation coefficient of FHR and delayed FM was high, showing a new possibility of detailed grading of mild fetal hypoxia.

Echocardiography, Doppler↗
PubMed1991

Newly identified forms of electron transfer flavoprotein deficiency in two patients with glutaric aciduria type II.

Newly identified forms of electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) deficiency in two patients with glutaric aciduria type II (GA II) were described. GA II has been attributed to a defect of either ETF or ETF dehydrogenase, resulting in multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency. ETF is a mitochondrial flavoprotein consisting of an alpha-subunit, alpha-ETF, and a beta-subunit, beta-ETF. We used pulse-chase experiments to examine the biosynthesis of ETF in fibroblasts from two patients with GA II. Patient 1 was a boy with the neonatal onset form, but without congenital anomalies, who is living at age 2 y. A defect of beta-ETF biosynthesis was noted in this patient. Patient 2 was a boy with the neonatal onset form with congenital anomalies who died on the 3rd postnatal day. He presented with a peculiar face and polycystic kidneys. In patient 2, both alpha- and beta-ETF were synthesized, but both the subunits were rapidly degraded. The lability of ETF was considered to be the cause of GA II in this patient. These two cases appear to be new forms of ETF deficiency in GA II.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Prenatal diagnosis and neonatal monitoring of a fetus with glutaric aciduria type II due to electron transfer flavoprotein (beta-subunit) deficiency.

The prenatal diagnosis of a male fetus with glutaric aciduria type II and the time course of metabolite urinary excretion, starting immediately after birth, are described. Prenatal diagnosis was undertaken at the 17th wk of gestation by immunoblot analysis and pulse labeling experiments of amniocytes and, retrospectively, by stable isotope dilution analysis of six metabolites in amniotic fluid. The results were as follows: 1) The immunochemical analysis on cultured amniocytes showed that the fetus, as the previous index case in this family, was affected with a deficiency of the beta-subunit of electron transfer flavoprotein. 2) Glutarate concentration was significantly increased in the cell-free supernatant of the amniotic fluid. In the postnatal period, most of the organic acids and acylglycines characteristic of the disorder appeared in urine within a week, although an increased excretion of hexanoylglycine was the only biochemical abnormality detectable in the first urine sample collected at 9 h after birth. Growth and development of this infant were normal during the following 6 mo of life, when he was receiving oral supplementation with L-carnitine and riboflavin. It should be underscored that transient abnormalities in routine blood tests (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase) were present soon after birth, despite his asymptomatic clinical course. Early detection and aggressive treatment could be effective in such a form of glutaric aciduria type II.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1991

Infective endocarditis--analysis of 116 surgically and 26 medically treated patients.

We have reviewed 116 cases of bacterial endocarditis treated surgically and 26 cases treated medically since 1973. There were 123 patients with native valve endocarditis and 19 patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis. Overall, the left-sided valves were infected most frequently. There were 10 cases with right-sided valves involved. Multiple valves were infected in 6 patients. There were 6 perioperative deaths in the surgical group. The most common cause of death was multi-organ failure associated with uncontrollable sepsis. The overall operative mortality for active endocarditis was 7.7% (4/55), and for healed endocarditis, 3.3% (2/61). For active native valve endocarditis, the mortality was 4.2% (2/48), for healed native valve endocarditis, 3.6% (2/55), for active prosthetic valve endocarditis, 28.6% (2/7), and for healed prosthetic valve endocarditis, 0%. There was no difference in the operative mortality between active native valve endocarditis and healed native valve endocarditis. The mortality of active prosthetic valve endocarditis was significantly higher than that of active native valve endocarditis (p less than 0.01). Of the 26 patients treated medically, 7 died during the initial hospitalization. The major factor related to mortality in the medically treated patients was persistent sepsis (four patients), and congestive heart failure (three patients). The overall mortality of the medical group for active valve endocarditis was 15% (3/20), and for active prosthetic valve endocarditis, 67% (4/6). We conclude that patients with infective endocarditis with significant valve lesions who are unresponsive to medical therapy should be considered for urgent surgery.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1991

The significance of resting thallium-201 delayed SPECT for assessing viability of infarcted regions--comparison with exercise thallium-201 SPECT.

To clarify the clinical significance of resting thallium-201 (Tl) delayed SPECT for assessing the viability of infarcted regions, we studied resting Tl initial and delayed Tl SPECT one week after exercise (Ex) Tl SPECT in 38 patients (40 regions) with old myocardial infarction (OMI) and 35 patients (37 regions) with effort angina pectoris (EAP). Analysis of resting Tl and Ex Tl SPECT divided the patients with OMI into 3 groups. Twenty-three patients whose perfusion defect (PD) on resting delayed image was same as that of Ex delayed image were divided into 12 patients with Ex Tl redistribution (RD) (G1) and 11 patients without Ex Tl RD (G3). Fifteen patients showed a decrease of PD on resting delayed image compared with Ex delayed image (G2). Thirty-five patients with EAP were divided into 18 patients who had no PD on Ex delayed image (G1) and 17 patients whose PD did not disappear on Ex delayed image but disappeared on resting delayed image (G2). The increase of pulmonary artery wedge pressure on Ex was higher in G2 than in G1 of both OMI and EAP (OMI; G1 15 +/- 16 mmHg vs G2 27 +/- 7 mmHg; p less than 0.01, EAP; G1 12 +/- 7 mmHg vs G2 22 +/- 6 mmHg; p less than 0.05). The percent Tl uptake of the PD on Ex Tl initial images was lower in G2 than in G1 of both OMI and EAP (OMI: G1 63 +/- 7% vs G2 55 +/- 9%; p less than 0.05, EAP: G1 72 +/- 7% vs G2 65 +/- 9%; p less than 0.05). That of the PD on resting Tl delayed images was higher in G1 and G2 than in G3 of OMI (G1 78 +/- 7%, G2 74 +/- 8%, G3 41 +/- 10%; G1 vs G3, G2 vs G3 p less than 0.001). The prevalence of akinetic or dyskinetic wall motion on left ventriculography was higher in G2 than G1, and in G3 than G2 (G1 24.3%, G2 52.2%, G3 85.7%; p less than 0.001). Thus, in patients with OMI the decrease of Tl PD on resting Tl delayed images compared with Ex delayed images may indicate severe ischemia induced by stress as well as in patients with EAP, and furthermore the presence of viable muscle. On the other hand, the infarcted region without decrease of Tl PD on resting delayed images may lack viable muscle.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Detection of serum antibodies using LBC cell-grown sialodacryoadenitis (SDA) virus.

The TG strain of sialodacryoadenitis (SDA) virus propagated in LBC cell culture (TGr/LBC) reacted strongly with anti-TGr rat serum in complement fixation (CF) tests, showing much higher titers with anti-TGr rat serum than mouse hepatitis virus MHV-NuU antigen. The antigenicity was not affected after ether treatment while infectivity was lost. The TGr/LBC antigen might be useful in seromonitoring for SDA infection in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Reproductive disorders in female rats infected with sialodacryoadenitis virus.

Effects of sialodacryoadenitis virus infection on the reproduction of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were studied. Estrous cycle was considerably out of order in about 40% of infected rats of both strains, starting on days 4 to 20 postinfection and persisting for 2 to 12 days. Of Wistar and SD dams infected on day 0 of gestation about 30% and 10% of the fetuses were found dead, while only 4 and 3% of non-infected dams. In severely diseased Wistar and SD dams infected on day 15 of gestation, the offspring showed death rates of 57% and 13%, respectively, because of inadequate nursing.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of exercise training at an intensity relative to lactate threshold in mildly obese women.

To determine the effects of exercise training on the anthropometric and physiologic characteristics, twenty-eight mildly obese women were studied prior to and following a 14-week exercise training program. The present data demonstrated that regular aerobic training at an intensity corresponding to lactate threshold (LT) led to significant improvements in VO2max (12%) and VO2LT (16%) and significant reductions in systolic (5%) and diastolic blood pressure (9%). Weight (5%) and percent body fat (11%) decreased significantly, while LBM remained essentially unchanged. Although the change in HDLC and HDLC/TC did not reach statistical significance, the TC (8%) and LDLC (7%) decreased significantly. These alterations in cardiorespiratory, anthropometric, and metabolic characteristics clearly demonstrate that training intensity relative to LT may be appropriate for obese individuals to improve the aerobic capacity, lipid-lipoprotein metabolism, and anthropometric profile.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Amelioration of nerve Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity independently of myo-inositol level by PGE1 analogue OP-1206.alpha-CD in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.

An oral prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) analogue, OP-1206.alpha-CD, was given to rats with streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes to examine the therapeutic effects of OP-1206 on short-term and long-term diabetic neuropathy and its action mechanism with special reference to nerve Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity. In the short-term experiment, OP-1206 was administered daily to diabetic rats in 3- and 30-mg/kg doses for 4 wk from the day of STZ injection. In the long-term study, 10 micrograms/kg OP-1206 was also given daily for 8 wk from 7 mo after induction of diabetes. The compound improved decreased sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity in both short-term and long-term diabetic rats. The nerve Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity of diabetic rats, reduced by 40% compared with controls, was reversed to the level of controls in both experiments, whereas weight loss and hyperglycemia were unchanged, and neither nerve sorbitol accumulation nor myo-inositol depletion was corrected. In a morphometric analysis of myelinated nerve fibers (MNFs) in long-term diabetes, the mean diameter of the largest 10% of MNFs was significantly reduced in untreated diabetic compared with control rats, but OP-1206 completely reversed this reduction. The results suggest that OP-1206 ameliorates a decrease in nerve Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity without any effect on nerve myo-inositol level and that the compound may be not only a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy but also a useful research tool to investigate the mechanism of nerve Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity regulation.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1991

Ganglion causing paralysis of the suprascapular nerve. Diagnosis by MRI and ultrasonography.

A 26-year-old man had a right infraspinatus muscle weakness and aching of the shoulder due to suprascapular nerve entrapment confirmed by electromyography. MRI revealed a well-defined area of increased signal intensity over the suprascapular notch. An ultrasonogram showed a homogeneous hypoechogenic area at the base of the scapular spine. A diagnosis was made of a ganglion compressing the inferior branch of the suprascapular nerve. After removal of several ganglia, the patient had immediate pain relief, and normal electromyographic findings were obtained 5 months postoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A case of lupus nephritis showing rectal erosion with cytomegalovirus infection.

A case of lupus nephritis showing rectal erosion with cytomegalovirus infection is described. The patient revealed nephrotic syndrome. She complained of skin ulcer with livedo reticularis on the right breast, purpura with thrombocytopenia, hepatic dysfunction, and bloody stool. Renal biopsy demonstrated diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis with prominent wire loops. Intestinal fiberscopy showed rectal erosion which was a cause of bloody stool, and rectal biopsy revealed cytomegalic inclusions characteristic of cytomegalovirus infection. Immunosuppression due to combined therapy with prednisolone and mizoribine could have led to reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus infection, resulting in the rectal erosion with bloody stool.

Adult↗