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Biomedical subjects

K M Jensen

Publications and source records attributed to K M Jensen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Bioavailability of indomethacin after intramuscular injection and rectal administration of solution and suppositories.

The pharmacokinetics of indomethacin was studied after intravenous and intramuscular injection of 50 mg and administration of rectal solution and suppositories of 100 mg to 8 volunteers. Peak plasma concentrations of indomethacin occurred 20 min. after administration of the rectal solution (3.7 micrograms X ml-1), 40 min. after intramuscular injection (2.7 micrograms X ml-1), and 60 min. after suppositories (3.7 micrograms X ml-1). The bioavailability after the two rectal forms was found to be almost the same, about 80%. After intramuscular injection the bioavailability was calculated to be complete. These results suggest that indomethacin administered as a rectal solution or as intramuscular injection may be an alternative to intravenous administration when an early plasma peak of the drug is required.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Uroflowmetry in neurologically normal children with voiding disorders.

A prospective study was undertaken to delineate the role of spontaneous uroflowmetry as screening procedure for functional infravesical obstruction (detrusor/sphincter dyssynergia). More than 70% of thirty-nine children referred for urinary tract infections and/or enuresis in the absence of neurological deficits underwent a complete diagnostic program including intravenous urography, voiding cystography and cystoscopy as well as spontaneous uroflowmetry, cystometry-emg and pressure-flow-emg study. The incidence of dyssynergia was 22%. However, neither the flow curve pattern nor single flow variables were able to identify children with dyssynergia. Consequently uroflowmetry seems inefficient in the screening for dyssynergia in neurological normal children with voiding disorders in the absence of anatomical bladder outlet obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Spontaneous uroflowmetry in prostatism.

Uroflowmetry is a valuable urodynamic screening procedure in selecting patients with prostatism for surgery. A prospective study was undertaken in which patients were selected for transurethral resection of the prostate by means of nonurodynamic data only. All patients underwent extensive urodynamic testing. Fifty-three patients were studied preoperatively, while 38 were examined at three months and 22 at twelve months postoperatively. A weak correlation was noted between maximum flow rate and symptom scores, pressure variables, and minimum urethral resistance. However, classification of patients by groups of high, medium, and low maximum flow rates did not identify groups of patients with less favorable outcome of surgery, i.e., patients with higher flow rates did as well as those with lower flow rates. A clear role for spontaneous uroflowmetry could not be identified in the preoperative evaluation of patients with prostatism.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Urodynamic findings in elderly males without prostatic complaints.

Previous evaluations of urodynamic testing in patients with prostatism have been impeded because of a lack of age-matched controls. In this study, 13 asymptomatic male volunteers, ages fifty-two to seventy years, underwent urodynamic testing which included uroflowmetry, water cystometry, and pressure flow study. Comparison of these data to those obtained with patients with prostatism revealed several important differences including maximum flow rate and minimum urethral resistance.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Analysis of presenting symptoms in prostatism.

A prospective evaluation was done of 84 patients who were selected for transurethral prostatectomy based on the presenting symptoms and findings at cystoscopy. In addition, urodynamic studies were performed but the results were not made available to the urologist who selected the patients for surgery. Postoperative symptom analysis and repeat urodynamic examinations were done at 3 months in 68 patients and at 12 months in 50. There was no significant association between irritative symptoms and uninhibited detrusor contractions. Furthermore, no associations were identified between obstructive symptoms and infravesical obstruction as defined by urodynamic criteria. The study failed to identify a need for routine invasive urodynamic investigation of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Candicidin in treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy.

In a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study, candicidin (a polyene macrolide) was investigated in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Seventy-six patients were included in the study--34 in the candicidin group and 42 in the placebo group. Patients treated with 270 mg. of candicidin daily for 6 months had a significant decrease in residual urine, voided volume and bladder volume. No significant increases were found in flow rates. Symptoms improved significantly in both the candicidin and the placebo group, but no differences in improvement were found between the groups. The results of candicidin treatment are less satisfactory than those following surgery.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1983

Distribution of quinoline carboxylic acid derivatives in the dog prostate.

The distribution in the prostate of norfloxacin and rosoxacin, both quinoline carboxylic acid derivatives, was investigated in an experimental dog model. The concentrations in prostatic interstitial fluid (PIF) and prostatic secretion (PS) of both antimicrobials were lower than the corresponding plasma (P) concentrations, as might be expected for acidic compounds. Norfloxacin achieved significantly higher PS/P and PIF/P ratios than rosoxacin following intravenous infusion; there were no differences between the two drugs in the various tissue/plasma ratios. The concentrations of both norfloxacin and rosoxacin in PIF, PS, and urine were in the minimal inhibitory range for most gram-negative pathogens causing bacterial prostatitis and urinary tract infections. Clinical trials may be warranted for both drugs.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1983

Chronic bacterial prostatitis: theoretical and experimental considerations.

The results of the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis are disappointing. The current status of antimicrobial and immunological research is described. While both a local and systemic antibody response is demonstrated in acute bacterial prostatis, only a local antibody production is found in chronic bacterial prostatis. This response as reflected in the expressed prostatic secretion is specific for the infecting organism and immunoglobulin A is the major antibody class involved. Drug penetration into the prostate has mainly been studied in dogs and the ideal drug appears to be a lipid-soluble base which will concentrate in the slightly acidic prostatic secretion because of ion-trapping. However, these results are not directly applicable to humans because of the slight alkalinity of human prostatic secretion, the localization of the chronic inflammatory process in the interstitium, and the evidence of an active secretory mechanism for trimethoprim. The clinical consequences of these findings are discussed in relation to several recent studies and the treatment with lipid-soluble bases with a low plasma protein binding over extended periods is recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Candicidin treatment of prostatism: a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study.

The polyene macrolide candicidin was investigated in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Forty-one unselected patients with BPH and prostatism were admitted to a prospective, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients treated with 270 mg candicidin daily for 6 months had a significant decrease in residual urine and a significant increase in maximum flow rate after correction for differences in corresponding bladder volume. Symptoms improved significantly in both the candicidin and the placebo group but no differences in improvement were found between the two groups. The mechanism of the drug's effect is unknown and positive results are much less pronounced than those obtained with surgery. Candicidin appears valuable in the treatment of BPH patients who are a poor surgical risk.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Modified J nephrostomy catheter for intravesical pressure measurement in urodynamics.

The influence of a transurethrally inserted 8.3-F modified J-nephrostomy catheter on urinary flow rate was investigated by both spontaneous uroflowmetry and pressure flow study in patients with almost identical bladder volumes. No statistically significant differences were found between maximum and mean flow rates obtained by spontaneous uroflowmetry and pressure flow study, respectively. Consequently, transurethral catheter placement is recommended in routine urodynamics.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Seminal vesicle tissue in "resectate" of transurethral resection of prostate.

We reviewed the histologic specimens from 123 consecutive patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate to determine the presence of seminal vesicle tissue. Additionally, relevant patient data were collected from the records, and a questionnaire regarding pre- and postoperative sexual function was given. The incidence of seminal vesicle tissue in the resectate was 23 per cent. No significant morbidity such as acute epididymitis or impairment of sexual function was associated with the occurrence of seminal vesicle tissue in the specimens. Consequently, no prophylactic measures seem indicated in patients undergoing partial resection of the seminal vesicles in connection with transurethral resection of the prostate.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Abdominal straining in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

We evaluated 46 patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for abdominal straining associated with voiding. All patients were evaluated preoperatively by means of detailed symptom analysis, excretory urography, cystoscopy and urodynamic studies, including spontaneous uroflowmetry, medium fill water cystometry and pressure flow study. Of the patients 72 per cent strained preoperatively and the majority continued to strain 3 and 12 months postoperatively. No correlation was identified between straining and urodynamic or symptomatologic indicators of bladder outlet obstruction. Patients who strained and those who did not strain experienced neither subjective nor objective differences postoperatively. A positive correlation between straining and age was identified. We speculate that straining might be based on individual habits and that the tendency to strain increases with advancing age.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

The relevance of minimum urethral resistance in prostatism.

To determine whether the minimum urethral resistance was useful to identify bladder outlet obstruction in prostatectomy candidates, 46 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate were evaluated by means of detailed symptom analysis, cystoscopy, rectal examination and post-void residual urine determination. In addition, each patient underwent extensive urodynamic testing, the results of which were not made available to the operating urologist as patients were selected for surgery. This prospective, blind evaluation has been completed in 33 and 15 patients 3 and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. A correlation is noted between the minimum urethral resistance, and symptomatology and uroflowmetry but no correlation was identified with prostatic length and the resected prostatic weight. The minimum urethral resistance was not useful in predicting which patients would benefit from transurethral resection of the prostate. It is concluded that symptom analysis generally is a better predictor of the outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate than is minimum urethral resistance.

Adolescent↗